scholarly journals Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in food surfaces and public space surfaces in 3 districts of Lima, Peru.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Alvis ◽  
Yolanda Angulo Bazan ◽  
Oscar Escalante Maldonado ◽  
Duilio Fuentes Delgado ◽  
Miryam Palomino Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Automated Teller Machine ◽  
Inert Surface ◽  
San Martín

Objective: The goal of this study is to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in food surfaces and public space surfaces in 3 districts of Lima, Peru. Material and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out in the districts of San Juan de Lurigancho, San Martin de Porres and Villa el Salvador. Surfaces that were exposed to the greatest user manipulation were selected, samples were swabbed for 4 weeks and transported to the laboratory to determine the presence of the virus. Results: 1095 inert surface samples and 960 food surface samples were evaluated for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 by the RT-PCR molecular test, whereby only one sample from an ATM (Automated Teller Machine) was positive. Conclusions: Most of the inert and food surfaces evaluated did not show the presence of SARS-CoV-2 during the time of sample collection. Despite the negative results, the frequency of disinfection measures should be maintained and increased, especially on inert high-contact surfaces, and hygiene measures on food should be continue.

scholarly journals Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-based rapid diagnostic kits in Pakistan: formulation of COVID-19 national testing strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Saeed ◽  
Sara Rizwan Uppal ◽  
Zahra Zahid Piracha ◽  
Azhar Rasheed ◽  
Zubair Aftab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Results

AbstractRapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 during pandemic enables timely treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of rapid diagnostic testing kits is crucial for surveillance and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections in general population, injection drug users, multi-transfused populations, healthcare workers, prisoners, barbers and other high risk populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and effectiveness of nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva based rapid antigen detection testing kits in comparison with USFDA approved triple target gold standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 33,000 COVID-19 suspected patients. From RT-PCR positive patients, nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva samples were obtained for evaluation of rapid COVID-19 testing kits (RDT). 100/33,000 (0.3%) of specimens were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among RT-PCR positive, 62% were males, 34% were females, and 4% were children. The NSP-RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis revealed 53% reactivity among males, 58% reactivity among females, and 25% reactivity among children. However saliva based RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis showed 21% reactivity among males and 23% among females, and no reactivity in children. False negative results were significantly more pronounced in saliva based RDT as compared to NSP-RDT. The sensitivity of these NSP-RDT and saliva based RDT were 52% and 21% respectively. The RDTs evaluated in this study showed limited sensitivities in comparison to gold standard RT-PCR, indicating that there is a dire need in Pakistan for development of suitable testing to improve accurate COVID-19 diagnosis in line with national demands.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional quantitative RT-PCR study of feline coronavirus viremia and replication in peripheral blood of healthy shelter cats in Southern California

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J Fish ◽  
Pedro Paulo VP Diniz ◽  
Yen-Chen Juan ◽  
Frank Bossong ◽  
Ellen W Collisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of feline coronavirus (FCoV) viremia, and its replication in peripheral blood using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) methodology in a population of 205 healthy shelter cats in Southern California, as well as to assess any possible connection to longitudinal development of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Methods The study was performed on buffy-coat samples from EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood samples of 205 healthy shelter cats. From 50 of these cats, fecal samples were also examined. FCoV genomic and subgenomic RNA in the buffy coats was amplified by a total FCoV RNA qRT-PCR. Evidence for FCoV replication in peripheral blood and feces was obtained by M gene mRNA qRT-PCR. Results Nine of 205 cats (4.4%) were viremic by the total FCoV RNA qRT-PCR, and one of these cats had evidence of peripheral FCoV blood replication by an FCoV mRNA qRT-PCR. The single cat with peripheral blood replication had a unique partial M gene sequence distinct from positive controls and previously published FCoV sequences. Neither seven of the nine viremic cats with follow-up nor the single cat with replicating FCoV with positive qRT-PCR results developed signs compatible with FIP within 6 months of sample collection. Conclusions and relevance FCoV viremia and peripheral blood replication in healthy shelter cats have a low prevalence and do not correlate with later development of FIP in this study population, but larger case-control studies evaluating the prognostic accuracy of the qRT-PCR assays are needed.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Behaviour of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Children and Adults Convalescing From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Márquez-González ◽  
Briceida López-Martínez ◽  
Israel Parra-Ortega ◽  
Daniela de la Rosa-Zamboni ◽  
Marcela Salazar-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical History ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
History Of

The pandemic caused by SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people since 2020. There are clinical differences and in mortality between the adult and paediatric population. Recently, the immune response through the development of antibodies has gained relevance due to the risk of reinfection and vaccines' development.Objective: Was to compare the association of clinical history and the clinical presentation of the disease with the development of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in paediatric and adult patients with a history of positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results.Methods: Cross-sectional observational study carried out in a Paediatric Hospital in Mexico City included patients under 18 years of age and health personnel with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 comparing antibody expression. The development of specific IgG antibodies was measured, the presence of comorbidities, duration, and severity of symptoms was determined.Results: Sixty-one subjects (20 < 18 years and 41 > 18 years) were analysed. The median sample collection was 3 weeks. There were no differences in the expression of specific antibodies; no differences were shown according to the symptoms' severity. A positive correlation (r = 0.77) was demonstrated between the duration of symptoms and antibody levels.Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a clear association between the duration of the symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the IgG units generated in paediatric and adult patients convalescing from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Environmental Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus RNA in Health Facilities in Brazil and a Systematic Review on Contamination Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3824
Author(s):  
Vania Aparecida Vicente ◽  
Bruno Paulo Rodrigues Lustosa ◽  
Maria Eduarda Grisolia ◽  
Caroline Pavini Beato ◽  
Eduardo Balsanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Contamination ◽  
Hospital Units ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Inert Surface ◽  
Environmental Surface

SARS-CoV-2 environmental monitoring can track the rate of viral contamination and can be used to establish preventive measures. This study aimed to detect by RT-PCR the presence of SARS-CoV-2 from inert surface samples in public health settings with a literature review about surface contamination and its burden on spread virus. Samples were collected from health settings in Curitiba, Brazil, between July and December 2020. A literature review was conducted using PRISMA. A total of 711 environmental surface samples were collected from outpatient areas, dental units, doctors’ offices, COVID-19 evaluation areas, and hospital units, of which 35 (4.9%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The frequency of environmental contamination was higher in primary care units than in hospital settings. The virus was detected on doctors’ personal items. Remarkably, the previously disinfected dental chair samples tested positive. These findings agree with those of other studies in which SARS-CoV-2 was found on inanimate surfaces. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on surfaces in public health settings, including those not meant to treat COVID-19, indicates widespread environmental contamination. Therefore, the intensification of disinfection measures for external hospital areas may be important for controlling community COVID-19 dissemination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Based Rapid Diagnostic Kits in Pakistan: Formulation of COVID-19 National Testing Strategy.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Saeed ◽  
Sara Rizwan Uppal ◽  
Zahra Zahid Piracha ◽  
Azhar Rasheed ◽  
Zubair Aftab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Abstract Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 during pandemic enables timely treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of rapid diagnostic testing kits is crucial for surveillance and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections in general population, injection drug users, multi-transfused populations, healthcare workers, prisoners, barbers and other high risk populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and effectiveness of nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva based rapid antigen detection testing kits in comparison with USFDA approved triple target gold standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. A cross-sectional sectional study was conducted on 33,000 COVID-19 suspected patients. From RT-PCR positive patients, nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva samples were obtained for evaluation of rapid COVID-19 testing kits (RDT). 100/33000 (0.3%) of specimens were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among RT-PCR positive, 62% were males, 34% were females, and 4% were children. The NSP-RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis revealed 53% reactivity among males, 58% reactivity among females, and 25% reactivity among children. However saliva based RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis showed 21% reactivity among males and 23% among females, and no reactivity in children. False negative results were significantly more pronounced in saliva based RDT as compared to NSP-RDT. The sensitivity of these NSP-RDT and saliva based RDT were 52% and 21% respectively. The RDTs evaluated in this study showed limited sensitivities in comparison to gold standard RT-PCR, indicating that there is a dire need in Pakistan for development of suitable testing to improve accurate COVID-19 diagnosis in line with national demands.

scholarly journals A comparison of antigen-based rapid test and RT-PCR test to diagnose COVID-19 and its infectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi ◽  
◽  
Richard Christian Suteja ◽  
I Komang Hotra Adiputra ◽  
Giovanca Verentzia Purnama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Equipment Availability ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Cost ◽  
Test Result

Background. Medical screening and diagnostic cost and equipment availability has been a major obstacle to supposed-to-be extensive tracing, and overall, to the end of COVID-19 pandemic. Even though RT-PCR is the gold diagnostic standard, it is costly, lengthy, and may be unavailable in remote areas. Therefore, antigen-based COVID-19 rapid tests may be a solution to quickly detect and screen communities suspected of contracting COVID-19. Objective. This paper aims to observe how reliable antigen-based COVID-19 rapid tests are compared to RT-PCR testing. Material and methods. An observational cross-sectional study was performed on 101 samples to find the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of antigen-based rapid testing compared to RT-PCR testing performed on every individual. Then, a pattern between CT values and duration between onset of symptoms and testing to antigen-based rapid test result was observed to find a cut-off value such that the person may be deemed safe to exit isolation. Outcomes. A cut-off CT value of above 30.04 (p < 0.01) with a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 77.8% (moderate accuracy) obtained from ROC analysis showed negative results on antigen-based rapid tests. The tests showed an overall accuracy of 67.3%, where results between the two tests were consistent. Conclusion. Therefore, an estimated CT value of 30 was moderately proved to be used as a criterion to end isolation and presume the person no longer sheds SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Comparison of COVID-19 Antigen Test and HRCT Chest with RT- PCR Test for Diagnosis of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Pukar Ghimire ◽  
Isha Bhandari ◽  
Rajan Bhandari ◽  
Bibek Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Introduction: We aim to compare Rapid Antigen Test and HRCT chest with Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study that included patients tested with RT-PCR and at least one of Rapid Antigen test or HRCT chest, conducted at College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, from June 2020 to Feb 2021 after obtaining the ethical clearance. Data analysis was done using statistical packages for social sciences version 16. Results:  315 of 755(41.7%) patients had positive RT-PCR and 18.4% of 733 patients had positive antigen test. Of 600 patients, 106(14.0%) were found to have CO-RADS 1,152(20.1%) had CO-RADS 2, 77(10.2%) had CO-RADS 3, 18(2.4%) had CO-RADS 4 and 247(32.7%) had CO-RADS 5 score on HRCT. Rapid Antigen Test was found to have 43.6% sensitivity, 98.6% specificity, 95.6% Positive predictive value (PPV) and 72.1% negative predictive value (NPV).CO-RADS scoring system was able to distinguish between RT-PCR positive and RT-PCR negative results with an average Area under curve 0.787. CO-RADS 5 had a sensitivity of 71.6%, specificity of 85.1%, PPV of 80.6% and NPV of 77.6% for a positive RT-PCR result. A combination of CO-RADS 1 in HRCT chest and Negative Antigen test can predict PCR negative result with 23.6% sensitivity, 97.3% specificity, 90.5% PPV and 54.0% NPV. Conclusions: Rapid Antigen Test is a better tool for confirmation rather than screening of COVID-19. HRCT chest with higher CO-RADS can be useful to diagnose COVID-19  in suspected patients, even if RT-PCR is negative.

scholarly journals Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-based rapid diagnostic kits in Pakistan: formulation of COVID-19 national testing strategy.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Saeed ◽  
Sara Rizwan Uppal ◽  
Zahra Zahid Piracha ◽  
Azhar Rasheed ◽  
Zubair Aftab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Results

Abstract Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 during pandemic enables timely treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of rapid diagnostic testing kits is crucial for surveillance and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections in general population, injection drug users, multi-transfused populations, healthcare workers, prisoners, barbers and other high risk populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and effectiveness of nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva based rapid antigen detection testing kits in comparison with USFDA approved triple target gold standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 33,000 COVID-19 suspected patients. From RT-PCR positive patients, nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva samples were obtained for evaluation of rapid COVID-19 testing kits (RDT). 100/33000 (0.3%) of specimens were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among RT-PCR positive, 62% were males, 34% were females, and 4% were children. The NSP-RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis revealed 53% reactivity among males, 58% reactivity among females, and 25% reactivity among children. However saliva based RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis showed 21% reactivity among males and 23% among females, and no reactivity in children. False negative results were significantly more pronounced in saliva based RDT as compared to NSP-RDT. The sensitivity of these NSP-RDT and saliva based RDT were 52% and 21% respectively. The RDTs evaluated in this study showed limited sensitivities in comparison to gold standard RT-PCR, indicating that there is a dire need in Pakistan for development of suitable testing to improve accurate COVID-19 diagnosis in line with national demands.

scholarly journals Detection of Coronavirus in Simultaneously Collected Tear and Throat Swab Samples from the Patients with 2019- new Coronavirus Infection Disease: A Single Center Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yan ◽  
Bo Zeng ◽  
Zhang Zhang ◽  
Cheng Hu ◽  
Ming Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Infection Disease

Abstract Objecive: This study aimed to evaluate whether the coronavirus can be detected in the tears in the eyes of 2019- novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected patients and compa re the detection consistency of two simultaneously collected samples, from the tears and throat swabs, of these patients.Methods: A total of 35 diagnosis confirmed patients with 2019-nCoV infection disease,from January 26 to February 19, 2020, at central theater Wuhan general hospital of PLA, were included in this cross-sectional case series study. The diagnosis was confirmed by both clinical and laboratory ways. Throat samples from all enrolled patients were collected with sampling swab, and simultaneously ,tear samples were collected w ith sampling swab from 9 patients (No.1-9) and with Schirmer's strip from the remaining patients (No.10-35) (bilateral eyes for all patients). Sample collecting and testing were performed in three separate time points: first from patients No.1-9,second from p atients No.10-29,and third from patients No.30-35. Reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chai n-reaction (RT-PCR) assay was performed by the same technician(Researcher Zhang), who was blind to the patients profile, within 4 hours after each collection.Results: Among enrolled patients, 29 (No.1-29) had mild or moderate clinical symptoms and 6 (No.30-35) had severe symptoms. The mean time interval from the sample collection day to diagnosis confirmation day was 9.71±6.50 days (ranged from 3 to 29 days). None of the patients had conjunctivitis. Nineteen out of 35 (54.3%) throat samples presented positive Rt-PCR results. Three (no.13,21,31) out of 35 (8.6%) tear samples presented positive RT-PCR results. Two(no.21, 31) of these three patients were throat swab positive and one (No. 13) was negative. The consistency analysis indicated that tears and throat samples showed poor consistency ( Kappa=-0.009, P=0.9 ).The cycle threshold value (Ct-value) of tears samples collected by sampling swab was significantly higher than that by Schirmer's strip(t=2.288, P=0.03).Conclusion: In spite of the low 2019-nCoV positive detection rate of tear samples from 2019-nCoV infected patients, we cannot fully rule out the transmission by ocular surface. Whether tear testing can be used as an aid in judging of 2019-nCoV infection need further investigation.Authors Ying Yan and Bo Zeng contributed equally to this study

scholarly journals Tear Sample Analysis For SARS-COV-2 of Confirmed Cases of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Ashesh Rai ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
D Sharma ◽  
G Prasai ◽  
BK Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Positive Results

Researchers in 2004 found that tear flim can be one of the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV. Considering the fact that SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV, it is speculated that there may be a risk of transmission through tear flim in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand whether COVID-19 viral genome is present in the tear film or not. It was a cross-sectional quantitative study done in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Duwakot. Tear sample collection was done using schirmer’s strip and conjunctival swab of confirmed COVID-19 positive admitted cases and then the sample was sent for viral genome analysis. Especially designed proforma was used for recording the patient demographics, history, clinical examination findings and investigations results. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 21) and expressed in frequency, percentage and mean. Out of 30 enrolled patients, 23.3% (n=7) showed positive results in tear RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Among them, 85.7% (n=6) had positive tear sample RT-PCR on the very first day of sample collection with their CT value in tear sample ranging from 30-35. Patients who were positive were mostly in the age group of 21-30 years (71.4%) and were local vendors by occupation (71.4%). However, none of the patients had any ocular symptoms. Tear sample analysis with RT-PCR showed 23.3% positivity for SARS-CoV-2. Early collection and analysis of tear sample can yield maximum positive results therefore tear film could be one of the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus.

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