scholarly journals Life histories of 9,488 bird and 4,865 mammal species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Witting
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Existing Data

I use 56,214 life history data to estimate equilibrium life history models for birds and mammals with body mass estimates. Missing parameters were estimated by allometric correlations at the lowest taxonomic level (genus, family, order, class) with data. The estimation is optimised to predict the existing data, with precision estimated separately for the different taxonomic levels of the estimator. This provides complete life history models for 9,488 species of birds, and 4,865 species of mammals. Each model includes estimates of metabolism, net assimilated energy, individual growth, mortality, fecundity, age of reproductive maturity, generation time, life span, home range, population density, biomass, population consumption, and a relative measure of intra-specific interactive competition, providing 387,531 parameter estimates in total.

Individual Growth and Reproduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Ken H. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Asymptotic Size ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

This chapter develops descriptions of how individuals grow and reproduce. More specifically, the chapter seeks to determine the growth and reproduction rates from the consumption rate, by developing an energy budget of the individual as a function of size. To that end, the chapter addresses the question of how an individual makes use of the energy acquired from consumption. It sets up the energy budgets of individuals by formulating the growth model using so-called life-history invariants, which are parameters that do not vary systematically between species. While the formulation of the growth model in terms of life-history invariants is largely successful, there is in particular one parameter that is not invariant between life histories: the asymptotic size (maximum size) of individuals in the population. This parameter plays the role of a master trait that characterizes most of the variation between life histories.

scholarly journals Life histories of three Serrulinini species (Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae) from Georgia kept under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sulikowska-Drozd ◽  
Levan Mumladze
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Calcite Crystal ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
One Year

The Serrulinini, a small relict group of clausiliids occurring in coastal regions of the Black and Caspian Seas and the Caucasus, are currently classified within the Phaedusinae, however paraphyletic origin of the Serrulinini is also widely debated with Pontophaedusa funiculum (Mousson) being most phylogenetically distinct from other taxa. As life history data may have taxonomical value, we conducted long-term observations in laboratory culture to assess reproductive modes, fecundity and growth pattern of three serruline species. Caspiophaedusa perlucens (O. Boettger) and Pravispira semilamellata (Mousson) produced partly calcified eggs with regular, spiral arrangement of crystals; their juveniles hatched after 17–18 days; the generation time was long and significantly exceeded one year. P. funiculum laid heavily calcified, elongated eggs. The incubation time in P. funiculum varied depending on the humidity, with a tendency towards short embryo-retention. The generation time in P. funiculum was one year. In all the studied species, egg calcification differed from the pattern common for other oviparous Phaedusinae which produce partly calcified eggs with homogeneous distribution of crystals. The calcite crystal distribution in the egg membranes reported here for the Serrulinini suggests some potential of these characters in phylogenetic context.

scholarly journals Life-history dynamics: damping time, demographic dispersion and generation time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Jiang ◽  
Harman Jaggi ◽  
Wenyun Zuo ◽  
Madan K. Oli ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Metabolic Theory ◽  
External Disturbances ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Events ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTransient dynamics are crucial for understanding ecological and life-history dynamics. In this study, we analyze damping time, the time taken by a population to converge to a stable (st)age structure following a perturbation, for over 600 species of animals and plants. We expected damping time to be associated with both generation time Tc and demographic dispersion σ based on previous theoretical work. Surprisingly, we find that damping time (calculated from the population projection matrix) is approximately proportional to Tc across taxa on the log-log scale, regardless of σ. The result suggests that species at the slow end of fast-slow continuum (characterized with long generation time, late maturity, low fecundity) are more vulnerable to external disturbances as they take more time to recover compared to species with fast life-histories. The finding on damping time led us to next examine the relationship between generation time and demographic dispersion. Our result reveals that the two life-history variables are positively correlated on a log-log scale across taxa, implying long generation time promotes demographic dispersion in reproductive events. Finally, we discuss our results in the context of metabolic theory and contribute to existing allometric scaling relationships.

scholarly journals Generation time, life history and the substitution rate of neutral mutations

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 20140801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Lehtonen ◽  
Robert Lanfear
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Substitution Rates ◽  
Demographic Theory ◽  
Full Life ◽  
Iteroparous Species ◽  
Neutral Mutations

Our understanding of molecular evolution is hampered by a lack of quantitative predictions about how life-history (LH) traits should correlate with substitution rates. Comparative studies have shown that neutral substitution rates vary substantially between species, and evidence shows that much of this diversity is associated with variation in LH traits. However, while these studies often agree, some unexplained and contradictory results have emerged. Explaining these results is difficult without a clear theoretical understanding of the problem. In this study, we derive predictions for the relationships between LH traits and substitution rates in iteroparous species by using demographic theory to relate commonly measured life-history traits to genetic generation time, and by implication to neutral substitution rates. This provides some surprisingly simple explanations for otherwise confusing patterns, such as the association between fecundity and substitution rates. The same framework can be applied to more complex life histories if full life-tables are available.

Life histories, demographies and population dynamics of three sympatric chameleon species (Furcifer spp.) from western Madagascar

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Eckhardt ◽  
Cornelia Kraus ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Seasonal Adjustment ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Annual Cohort ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reproductive Rates

Abstract The life histories and population dynamics of chameleons remain poorly known, most likely due to practical challenges related to their cryptic nature. However, several studies have indicated that some of these reptiles have unusually brief life histories. Specifically, one Madagascan chameleon (Furcifer labordi) was found to have an annual life cycle characterized by population-wide survival of the austral winter in the egg stage; a unique life history among tetrapods. In this study, we compare the life history of F. labordi with two locally sympatric congeners (F. cf. nicosiai and F. oustaleti) in Kirindy forest, western Madagascar, to determine how these species adjust their life histories to a highly seasonal and unpredictable climate. We found differences in lifespan, timing of hatching, growth rates, survival, reproductive rates, adult body size, and roosting heights among all three species. Moreover, two species exhibited relatively short lifespans: 6-9 months in F. labordi and 16-18 months in F. cf. nicosiai. In contrast, F. oustaleti is perennial and large-sized juveniles and adults aestivate during the dry season, but survival rates of adults seemed relatively low. Strikingly, the annual cohort of F. labordi was already adult when hatchlings of F. oustaleti and subsequently F. cf. nicosiai emerged. Our study suggests the co-existence of three different life histories with seasonal adjustment that might be related to the partitioning of overall food availability and contributes valuable life history data on enigmatic chameleon species.

An analysis of life histories in freshwater bivalves (Mollusca: Pisidiidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Way
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
History Data ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Freshwater Bivalves ◽  
Correlation Statistics

A survey of patterns of covariation of six life history traits in 13 species (26 populations) of pisidiid bivalves was carried out using canonical discriminant analysis. The analysis separated the three genera of pisidiids into significantly different clusters. The traits that separated the genera have been called life history tactics and the genera have been placed along an r–K continuum. Univariate phenotypic correlation statistics were used to identify specific life history traits that covary at the genus and interspecific levels. The identifiable groupings of life history traits and traits that strongly covary appear to be influenced in part by phylogeny (size differences between genera), allometry (size differences within a cohort), and habitat (both localized and historical influences). At the present time there is a lack of the detailed intraspecific life history data necessary to sort out the causality behind the groupings of traits. It will be necessary to make detailed comparisons of life histories at the intraspecific level to attain an understanding of the proximal processes involved in causing life history variability.

A global review of life history studies on burrowing crayfish

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-379
Author(s):  
Caitlin C. Bloomer ◽  
Robert J. DiStefano ◽  
Christopher A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
History Data ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Life History Study

Abstract Burrowing crayfishes have historically lacked life history data due to their elusive nature and difficultly extracting them from burrows. This review provides a synopsis of current literature on burrowing crayfishes’ life histories and a quantitative analysis of published life history content. Only 69 publications covering 94 burrowing species (approx. 39%) met our criteria for a life history study. Many species had only partial life histories documented and two genera (Engaewa and Tenuibranchiurus) had no life history studies available. Size and reproductive season were the most recorded traits across studies while others such as mortality and age/size at molting events were rarely recorded. Reproductive investment, an important predictor of imperilment, was lacking in 87% of burrowing species. Our review emphasizes the need to include life history data with new species descriptions and conduct basic life history studies to effectively assess data-deficient species and protect the future of our threatened burrowing crayfishes.

Temporal–spatial variation in white-tailed prairie dog demography and life histories in Wyoming

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Menkens Jr. ◽  
Stanley H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Prairie Dogs ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Prairie Dog ◽  
Adult Body Mass ◽  
Habitat Variation

Variation in population density and life history traits were studied in six white-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys leucurus) populations in Wyoming using mark – recapture techniques. All life history traits (except juvenile sex ratios) and population density exhibited significant variation within towns between years and among towns in the same year. Temporal and spatial habitat variation significantly affects juvenile body mass but not adult body mass, which, in turn, results in the observed variation in life history traits. We conclude that white-tailed prairie dogs are dynamic reproducers and that their population age distributions are neither stable nor stationary. Use of life tables to study life history patterns of this species or of similar species would be inappropriate because of a failure to meet a basic assumption of life table models.

Predicting Natural Mortality Rates and Reproduction–Mortality Trade-offs from Fish Life History Data

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Myers ◽  
R. W. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Evolutionary Constraint ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable ◽  
Mortality Estimates

A method for estimating natural mortality and evolutionary constraint on fish life histories is presented based on the assumption that observed life histories are evolutionarily stable. Inverse optimization techniques are used to determine the values of natural mortality, reproduction–mortality trade-offs, and energy conversion efficiencies that would make observed life histories evolutionarily stable. The life history method yields natural mortality estimates comparable with those based on population age–frequency data. Sensitivity analysis is used to determine the robustness of the predictions to errors in parameter estimation and density-dependent factors.

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