scholarly journals Fatigue Metabolites of Large Yellow Croaker and Construction of Swimming Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyu Chai ◽  
Heng Yin ◽  
Runming Huo ◽  
Xiaomei Shui ◽  
Hanying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Yellow Croaker ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
New Production

A trend in large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ) aquaculture is to establish new production sites that are suitable for extreme weather conditions. However, continuous and strong currents can harm fish welfare. To determine the location of the net cage, it is necessary to assess the swimming ability of large yellow croaker. Currently, our research on large yellow croakers is focusing on behavior analysis. This article investigates the effect of swimming large yellow croakers on metabolites in the body by examining the preferred speed of the group and the endurance swimming ability of single-tailed fish. We evaluated the factors that influence the large yellow croaker's swimming fatigue by quantifying the content of metabolites and constructed the endurance swimming model using those results. Various results showed large yellow croaker populations tend to grow in low-velocity environments, and this matches their traditional habitat. The samples were taken at different swimming times at a flow rate of 0.35 m/s. According to the results of the metabolite content determination, blood glucose levels is closely related to swimming ability in large yellow croakers. The content of liver glycogen, which regulates blood glucose concentration, decreases in a certain linear relationship. The endurance swimming model of large yellow croaker was constructed according to the changes of liver glycogen content. The goals of this article are to provide a deeper understanding of the physiological characteristics of large yellow croaker swimming, and to provide a reference for choosing fishing and cage sites for large yellow croaker.

Hepatic handling of pancreatic glucagon and glucose during meals in rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (5) ◽  
pp. R827-R832 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Langhans ◽  
K. Pantel ◽  
W. Muller-Schell ◽  
E. Eggenberger ◽  
E. Scharrer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Vein ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Pancreatic Glucagon ◽  
Hepatic Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Portal ◽  
Induced Changes

Prandial changes in plasma pancreatic glucagon, blood glucose, and liver glycogen levels were studied during the first meal after 12 h of food deprivation in rats. To determine whether pancreatic glucagon secretion is influenced by the composition of the diet, the experiments were performed in rats fed high-carbohydrate (HC), high-fat (HF), or high-protein (HP) diets. Plasma glucagon levels in the hepatic portal vein increased about 100% during meals in all feeding groups, whereas glucagon levels in the hepatic vein changed very little. Blood glucose concentration in the hepatic portal vein increased during meals in HC diet-fed rats but decreased in HF and in HP diet-fed rats. Blood glucose in the hepatic vein also increased in HC and HP diet-fed rats. In addition, liver glycogen content decreased during meals in HC and HP diet-fed rats and by 14 min after the meal in HF diet-fed rats. These results demonstrate that a considerable amount of the glucagon released during meals in HC, HF, and HP diet-fed rats remains in the liver. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the liver is important for the satiety effect of glucagon. The results also suggest that glucagon contributes to the meal-induced changes in hepatic carbohydrate metabolism observed in all groups.

THE EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON THE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF THE LAMPREY LAMPETRA FLUVIATILIS

1965 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. BENTLEY ◽  
B. K. FOLLETT
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Concentration

SUMMARY River lampreys regulated their blood glucose concentration when injected with glucose. Mammalian insulin decreased the blood glucose concentration in the lamprey while adrenaline, cortisol and arginine vasotocin increased it. Glucagon had no effect initially but after a delay of 4 hr. decreased the blood glucose level. Insulin and cortisol increased the liver glycogen concentration. Adrenaline decreased the muscle glycogen concentration; vasotocin increased it. Treatment with alloxan increased the blood glucose concentration. Fat and glycogen in the lamprey are stored mainly in the skeletal muscles and their histochemical distribution in muscle is described. The results are discussed in relation to the metabolism of the migrating lamprey and the evolution of the control of carbohydrate metabolism in vertebrates.

scholarly journals Azithromycin in Combination with Ceftriaxone Reduces Systemic Inflammation and Provides Survival Benefit in a Murine Model of Polymicrobial Sepsis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anasuya Patel ◽  
Jiji Joseph ◽  
Hariharan Periasamy ◽  
Santosh Mokale
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

ABSTRACTSepsis is a life-threatening systemic inflammatory condition triggered as a result of an excessive host immune response to infection. In the past, immunomodulators have demonstrated a protective effect in sepsis. Azithromycin (a macrolide antibiotic) has immunomodulatory activity and was therefore evaluated in combination with ceftriaxone in a clinically relevant murine model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). First, mice underwent CLP and 3 h later were administered the vehicle or a subprotective dose of ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously) alone or in combination with an immunomodulatory dose of azithromycin (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Survival was monitored for 5 days. In order to assess the immunomodulatory activity, parameters such as plasma and lung cytokine (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha) concentrations, the plasma glutathione (GSH) concentration, plasma and lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations, body temperature, blood glucose concentration, and total white blood cell count, along with the bacterial load in blood, peritoneal lavage fluid, and lung homogenate, were measured 18 h after CLP challenge. Azithromycin in the presence of ceftriaxone significantly improved the survival of CLP-challenged mice. Further, the combination attenuated the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and MPO in plasma and lung tissue and increased the body temperature and blood glucose and GSH concentrations, which were otherwise markedly decreased in CLP-challenged mice. Ceftriaxone produced a significant reduction in the bacterial load, while coadministration of azithromycin did not produce a further reduction. Therefore, the survival benefit offered by azithromycin was due to immunomodulation and not its antibacterial action. The findings of this study indicate that azithromycin, in conjunction with appropriate antibacterial agents, could provide clinical benefits in sepsis.

scholarly journals THE POST-MORTEM EVALUATION OF GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD AND ITS DIAGNOSTICAL VALUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintarė Lukočiūtė ◽  
Karolina Ginčienė ◽  
Sigitas Chmieliauskas ◽  
Sigitas Laima ◽  
Jurgita Stasiūnienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Glucose Levels

Introduction:  Hyperglycemia is a consequence of uncontrolled diabetes and over a long period of time can lead to serious violations of the various systems of the body. In daily clinical practice, glucose level in blood and glycated hemoglobin are major and frequently used worldwide laboratory findings for the diagnosis of glucose metabolism disorders. In forensic medicine, the diagnostic value of post-mortem blood glucose levels is questionable because of its significant and rapid variation after death. Our research was aimed to analyse glucose concentration in blood after death and to estimate its diagnostic value. Methods: Data analysis of the State Forensic Medicine Service (SFMS) of Vilnius region of sudden death cases was performed. 238 autopsy findings were analysed. A retrospective analysis was performed using the R commander program. Results: The analysis included 238 individuals, 161 (67.6%) were men and 77 (32.4%) women. Mean age was 52.28 ± 15.45 yeras. Mean  alcohol level in blood was 2.257 ± 1.482 g/L. Mean post-mortem glucose concentration in blood was 6.716 ± 5.800 mmol/l. The lowest glucose concentration was 0.600 mmol/l and the highest - 33.300 mmol/l. There were no significant glycemia level difference between men and women (p = 0.279). In 6 cases, glucose concentrations were compared before and after death. The difference in blood glucose was insignificant (p = 0.90). There was no strong correlation between ethyl alcohol and glucose concentration (r = 0.037, p = 0.667). There was a weak correlation between age and blood glucose concentration (r = 0.03, p = 0.639). Conclusions: According to SFMS autopsy data, post-mortem glucose levels remain within the normal values. Evaluation of glucose after death remains a valuable diagnostic criterion for sudden death due to hyperglycaemia, when the hyperglycaemic episode is first and fatal to the subject.

Some effects of fasting on rats fed a choline-deficient diet

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Douglas Rees ◽  
William W. Winternitz ◽  
William F. Lattanzi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Blood Ketone Bodies ◽  
Deficient Group

The blood ketone body concentrations of fasted and nonfasted rats fed a diet deficient in choline were determined and found to be similar to the concentrations obtained from a control group fed the same diet supplemented with choline. However, the animals on the choline-deficient diet had an 18–20% greater mean liver mass, and this could account for the failure to demonstrate the depressed level of blood ketone bodies which was anticipated on the basis of previous in vitro studies. Other possible explanations of this discrepancy are discussed. Despite a high hepatic fat content, the choline-deficient group had a normal concentration of liver glycogen. The nonfasting blood glucose concentration of the choline-deficient group (91.5 ± 5 mg %) was lower than that of the control group (102 ± 3 mg %). After 24 hours of fasting, the values were 52 ± 3 mg % and 61 ± 5 mg % for the choline-deficient and control group, respectively. The 72-hour fasting values were 43 ± 2 mg %, and 49 ± 2 mg %, respectively. Data showing the effect of diet composition on ketonemia, liver glycogen and blood glucose are presented and are in accord with previous studies.

scholarly journals Effects of fasting and refeeding on the metabolic functions of the turtle Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766) raised in captivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1041-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia S. Oliveira ◽  
Cinthia G. Candioto ◽  
Débora M.S. Santos ◽  
José G. Pereira ◽  
Alana L. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Fasting And Refeeding ◽  
The One ◽  
Muscle Lipids

The metabolic responses of adult and young freshwater Kinosternon scorpioides turtles raised in captivity were evaluated. Two experiments were performed: a) blood metabolite changes caused by food deprivation, and b) liver and muscle glycogen and total lipid differences after fasting and refeeding. Blood glucose concentration of young animals was susceptible to food deprivation. In both groups this metabolite decreased after 30 days of fasting. Feeding for 15 days did not recover blood glucose. Total seric proteins were not affected by food deprivation. Fasting decreased blood urea nitrogen and the highest difference was found around 30 days. Uric acid increased in young animals after 60 days of fasting. Triacylglicerol decreased after 15 days of fasting and refeeding for 15 days recovered the pre-fasting levels. Free fatty acid plasma tended to increase around 15 days of fasting. Liver glycogen decreased at day 15 of fasting, being stable thereafter while muscle glycogen decreased at a slower rate. Total liver lipid stabilized after 30 days and then decreased 70% after 60 days of fasting. Muscle lipids remained stable throughout fasting. It could be concluded that fasting of Kinosternon scorpioides led to metabolic adaptations similar to the one reported from reptiles and fish.

Metabolic responses to exercise after fasting

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Dohm ◽  
R. T. Beeker ◽  
R. G. Israel ◽  
E. B. Tapscott
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Blood Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Fasting before exercise increases fat utilization and lowers the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Since a 24-h fast also depletes liver glycogen, we were interested in blood glucose homeostasis during exercise after fasting. An experiment was conducted with human subjects to determine the effect of fasting on blood metabolite concentrations during exercise. Nine male subjects ran (70% maximum O2 consumption) two counterbalanced trials, once fed and once after a 23-h fast. Plasma glucose was elevated by exercise in the fasted trial but there was no difference between fed and fasted during exercise. Lactate was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in fasted than fed throughout the exercise bout. Fat mobilization and utilization appeared to be greater in the fasted trial as evidenced by higher plasma concentrations of free fatty acids, glycerol, and beta-hydroxybutyrate as well as lower respiratory exchange ratio in the fasted trial during the first 30 min of exercise. These results demonstrate that in humans blood glucose concentration is maintained at normal levels during exercise after fasting despite the depletion of liver glycogen. Homeostasis is probably maintained as a result of increased gluconeogenesis and decreased utilization of glucose in the muscle as a result of lowered pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.

UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR GLUCONEOGENETISCHEN WIRKUNG VON CORTISOL

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Meiers ◽  
W. Beien ◽  
T. Dieterich ◽  
W. Staib
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Tryptophan Pyrrolase ◽  
Primary And Secondary Effects ◽  
Insulin Like Activity ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT The cortisol conditioned liver glycogen development was investigated within a time limit through the use of intact starved rats, which were made artificial diabetics with alloxan, and which were adrenalectomized. The liver glycogen and blood glucose concentration showed after one oral insertion of cortisol phased changes, which indicates endocrine counter-reactions. The insulin-like activity in plasma which was investigated through the use of intact rats showed an increase, while the cortisol conditioned induction of the liver – tryptophan-pyrrolase from endocrine regulations was not influenced, the cortisol conditioned liver glycogen development represented itself as a combined reaction of primary and secondary effects. An insular reaction obviously follows a primary gluconeogenetic one. Then an adrenalic counter-regulation results. These factors ascertain the degree and duration of the liver glycogen sedimentation.

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