A lineage-specific Exo70 is required for receptor kinase-mediated immunity in barley

In the evolution of land plants, the plant immune system has experienced expansion in immune receptor and signaling pathways. Lineage-specific expansions have been observed in diverse gene families that are potentially involved in immunity, but lack causal association. Here, we show that Rps8-mediated resistance in barley to the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (wheat stripe rust) is conferred by a genetic module: LRR-RK and Exo70FX12, which are together necessary and sufficient. The Rps8 LRR-RK is the ortholog of rice extracellular immune receptor Xa21 and Exo70FX12 is a member of the Poales-specific Exo70FX clade. The Exo70FX clade emerged after the divergence of the Bromeliaceae and Poaceae, and comprises from 2 to 75 members in sequenced grasses. These results demonstrate the requirement of a lineage-specific Exo70FX12 in Rps8 LRR-RK immunity and suggest that the Exo70FX clade may have evolved a specialized role in receptor kinase signaling.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of EGFR and HER2 receptor kinase signaling mediate epithelial cell invasion by Candida albicans during oropharyngeal infection.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717954088.793461324 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Cell Invasion ◽

Receptor Kinase ◽

Kinase Signaling ◽

Her2 Receptor ◽

Oropharyngeal Infection ◽

Receptor Kinase Signaling ◽

Epithelial Cell Invasion

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of EGFR and HER2 receptor kinase signaling mediate epithelial cell invasion by Candida albicans during oropharyngeal infection.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717954088.793459867 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Sachs ◽

Xiaorong Lin

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Cell Invasion ◽

Receptor Kinase ◽

Kinase Signaling ◽

Her2 Receptor ◽

Oropharyngeal Infection ◽

Receptor Kinase Signaling ◽

Epithelial Cell Invasion

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Distribution of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races and virulence in wheat growing regions of Kenya from 1970 TO 2014

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-20-2341-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mercy Wamalwa ◽

Ruth Wanyera ◽

Julian Rodriguez-Algaba ◽

Lesley Boyd ◽

James Owuoche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stripe Rust ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Yellow Rust ◽

Stripe Rust Resistance ◽

Scar Markers ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽

Triticum Spp ◽

Virulence Diversity

Stripe rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a major threat to wheat (Triticum spp.) production worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the virulence of Pst races prevalent in the main wheat growing regions of Kenya, which includes Mt. Kenya, Eastern Kenya, and the Rift Valley (Central, Southern, and Northern Rift). Fifty Pst isolates collected from 1970 to 1992 and from 2009 to 2014 were virulence phenotyped using stripe rust differential sets, and 45 isolates were genotyped with sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers to differentiate among the isolates and identify aggressive strains PstS1 and PstS2. Virulence corresponding to stripe rust resistance genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, Yr25, Yr27 and the seedling resistance in genotype Avocet S were detected. Ten races were detected in the Pst samples obtained from 1970 to 1992, and three additional races were detected from 2009 to 2014, with a single race being detected in both periods. The SCAR markers detected both Pst1 and Pst2 strains in the collection. Increasing Pst virulence was found in the Kenyan Pst population, and that diverse Pst race groups dominated different wheat growing regions. Moreover, recent Pst races in east Africa indicated possible migration of some race groups into Kenya from other regions. This study is important in understanding Pst evolution and virulence diversity and useful in breeding wheat cultivars with effective resistance to stripe rust. Keywords: pathogenicity, Puccinia f. sp. tritici stripe (yellow) rust, Triticum aestivum

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Spinal BDNF-induced phrenic motor facilitation requires PKCθ activity

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00945.2016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 (5) ◽

pp. 2755-2762 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ibis M. Agosto-Marlin ◽

Gordon S. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Motor Neurons ◽

Akt Signaling ◽

Signaling Cascades ◽

Receptor Kinase ◽

Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽

Inhibitory Peptide ◽

Downstream Signaling ◽

High Affinity Receptor ◽

Affinity Receptor ◽

Necessary And Sufficient

Spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is necessary and sufficient for certain forms of long-lasting phrenic motor facilitation (pMF). BDNF elicits pMF by binding to its high-affinity receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), on phrenic motor neurons, potentially activating multiple downstream signaling cascades. Canonical BDNF/TrkB signaling includes the 1) Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK MAP kinase, 2) phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and 3) PLCγ/PKC pathways. Here we demonstrate that spinal BDNF-induced pMF requires PLCγ/PKCθ in normal rats but not MEK/ERK or PI3K/Akt signaling. Cervical intrathecal injections of MEK/ERK (U0126) or PI3K/Akt (PI-828; 100 μM, 12 μl) inhibitor had no effect on BDNF-induced pMF (90 min after BDNF; U0126 + BDNF: 59 ± 14%, PI-828 + BDNF: 59 ± 8%, inhibitor vehicle + BDNF: 56 ± 7%; all P ≥ 0.05). In contrast, PKCθ inhibition with theta inhibitory peptide (TIP; 0.86 mM, 12 μl) prevented BDNF-induced pMF (90 min after BDNF; TIP + BDNF: −2 ± 2%; P ≤ 0.05 vs. other groups). Thus BDNF-induced pMF requires downstream PLCγ/PKCθ signaling, contrary to initial expectations. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that BDNF-induced pMF requires downstream signaling via PKCθ but not MEK/ERK or PI3K/Akt signaling. These data are essential to understand the sequence of the cellular cascade leading to BDNF-dependent phrenic motor plasticity.

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Phylogenomic and Microsynteny Analysis Provides Evidence of Genome Arrangements of High-Affinity Nitrate Transporter Gene Families of Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222313036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 13036

Author(s):

Normig M. Zoghbi-Rodríguez ◽

Samuel David Gamboa-Tuz ◽

Alejandro Pereira-Santana ◽

Luis C. Rodríguez-Zapata ◽

Lorenzo Felipe Sánchez-Teyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Characterization ◽

Nitrate Assimilation ◽

Gene Families ◽

Land Plants ◽

Nitrate Transport ◽

Phylogenomic Analysis ◽

Evolutionary Constraint ◽

N Availability ◽

Nitrate Transporter ◽

High Affinity

Nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) and NRT3 or nitrate-assimilation-related 2 (NAR2) proteins families form a two-component, high-affinity nitrate transport system, which is essential for the acquisition of nitrate from soils with low N availability. An extensive phylogenomic analysis across land plants for these families has not been performed. In this study, we performed a microsynteny and orthology analysis on the NRT2 and NRT3 genes families across 132 plants (Sensu lato) to decipher their evolutionary history. We identified significant differences in the number of sequences per taxonomic group and different genomic contexts within the NRT2 family that might have contributed to N acquisition by the plants. We hypothesized that the greater losses of NRT2 sequences correlate with specialized ecological adaptations, such as aquatic, epiphytic, and carnivory lifestyles. We also detected expansion on the NRT2 family in specific lineages that could be a source of key innovations for colonizing contrasting niches in N availability. Microsyntenic analysis on NRT3 family showed a deep conservation on land plants, suggesting a high evolutionary constraint to preserve their function. Our study provides novel information that could be used as guide for functional characterization of these gene families across plant lineages.

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A conserved regulatory module regulates receptor kinase signaling in immunity and development

10.1101/2021.01.19.427293 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas A. DeFalco ◽

Pauline Anne ◽

Sean R. James ◽

Andrew Willoughby ◽

Oliver Johanndrees ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Cellular Responses ◽

Receptor Signaling ◽

Receptor Kinase ◽

Surface Receptors ◽

Receptor Complexes ◽

Regulatory Circuit ◽

Regulatory Module ◽

Molecular Patterns ◽

Receptor Kinase Signaling

ABSTRACTLigand recognition by cell-surface receptors underlies development and immunity in both animals and plants. Modulating receptor signaling is critical for appropriate cellular responses but the mechanisms ensuring this are poorly understood. Here, we show that signaling by plant receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in immunity and CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED peptides (CLEp) in development employ a similar regulatory module. In the absence of ligand, signaling is dampened through association with specific type-2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs). Upon activation, PAMP and CLEp receptors phosphorylate divergent cytosolic kinases, which, in turn, phosphorylate the phosphatases, thereby promoting their release from the receptor complexes. Our work reveals a regulatory circuit shared between immune and developmental receptor signaling, which may have broader important implications for plant receptor kinase-mediated signaling in general.

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TaMCA4, a Novel Wheat Metacaspase Gene Functions in Programmed Cell Death Induced by the Fungal Pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-11-11-0283-r ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 755-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Xiaodong Wang ◽

Xiaojie Wang ◽

Hao Feng ◽

Chunlei Tang ◽

Pengfei Bai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Transcript Level ◽

Structural Features ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽

Wheat Leaves ◽

Multicellular Organisms ◽

Bax Gene

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a physiological process to remove redundant or harmful cells, for the development of multicellular organisms, or for restricting the spread of pathogens (hypersensitive response). Metacaspases are cysteine-dependent proteases which play an essential role in PCD. Triticum aestivum metacaspase 4 (TaMCA4) is a type II metacaspase gene cloned from ‘Suwon11’ wheat, with typical structural features such as peptidase C14 caspase domain and a long linker sequence between the two subunits. Transient expression of TaMCA4 in tobacco leaves failed to induce PCD directly but enhanced cell death triggered by a mouse Bax gene or a candidate effector gene from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Enhancement of PCD was also observed in wheat leaves co-bombarded with TaMCA4. When challenged with the avirulent race of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, the expression level of TaMCA4 in wheat leaves was sharply upregulated, whereas the transcript level was not significantly induced by the virulent race. Moreover, knocking down TaMCA4 expression by virus-induced gene silencing enhanced the susceptibility of Suwon11 to the avirulent race of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and reduced the necrotic area at infection sites.

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An improved method for RNA extraction from urediniospores of and wheat leaves infected by an obligate fungal pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(15)61250-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1293-1303 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Li-Jie MA ◽

Jia-xing QIAO ◽

Xin-yu KONG ◽

Jun-juan WANG ◽

Xiang-ming XU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Improved Method ◽

Wheat Leaves

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Mutations in wheat leading to enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen of yellow rust

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/10324-pps ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽

pp. S73-S75

Author(s):

L.A. Boyd ◽

J.A. Howie ◽

T. Worland ◽

R. Stratford ◽

P.H. Smith

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Yellow Rust ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Deletion Mutants ◽

Molecular Characterisation ◽

Wheat Line ◽

Enhanced Resistance ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Mutant Lines

The isolation and study of plant resistance genes is revealing a story more complicated than the gene-for-gene hypothesis originally implied. The story of resistance is complicated even further by the discovery of genes that appear to have a negative effect on resistance. Early studies in the wheat line Hobbit ‘sib’ identified a number of chromosomes that reduced the level of field resistance to the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, the causal agent of yellow rust on wheat. From a series of deletion mutants generated in Hobbit ‘sib’ a number of mutant lines were selected that gave enhanced resistance to yellow rust. The phenotypic, genetic and molecular characterisation of some of these mutants is presented.

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