scholarly journals Factors predicting serum clozapine levels in Middle Eastern patients

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hassab Errasoul ◽  
Mohammed A. Alarabi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clozapine Dose

Objectives: Despite its superiority over other drugs for psychosis, clozapine remains underused and is associated with many clinical challenges, including difficulties in predicting serum levels. We thus investigated the clinical predictors of clozapine serum levels in Middle Eastern patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 94 patients of Middle Eastern ethnicity. Results: The average clozapine dose and serum level were 400 mg/daily and 705 ng/mL, respectively. Clozapine dose and serum levels were positively correlated (rs [94]=0.32, p=0.002). A predictive model of serum clozapine levels revealed that the daily dose, smoking status, use of fluvoxamine or lamotrigine, and body mass index predicted 43.6% of the variance in serum levels (p<0.001). Using this model, the maximum doses of clozapine to avoid levels above the optimal range (>650 ng/mL) were 300, 250, or 225 mg/day for non-smokers with a body mass index of 25, 30, or 35 kg/m2, respectively, and 475, 425, or 400 mg/day for smokers with a body mass index of 25, 30, or 35 kg/m2, respectively. Conclusions: These findings do not reduce the value of individualised therapeutic drug monitoring but may assist clinicians when prescribing clozapine to Middle Eastern patients. Further psychopharmacological studies are needed on this demographic population.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Mass Index, Obesity, and LINE-1 Methylation: A Cross-Sectional Study on Women from Southern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Martina Barchitta ◽  
Roberta Magnano San Lio ◽  
Giuliana Favara ◽  
Claudia La Mastra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Methylation Level ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Uncovering the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and DNA methylation could be useful to understand molecular mechanisms underpinning the effects of obesity. Here, we presented a cross-sectional study, aiming to evaluate the association of BMI and obesity with long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) methylation, among 488 women from Catania, Italy. LINE-1 methylation was assessed in leukocyte DNA by pyrosequencing. We found a negative association between BMI and LINE-1 methylation level in both the unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models. Accordingly, obese women exhibited lower LINE-1 methylation level than their normal weight counterpart. This association was confirmed after adjusting for the effect of age, educational level, employment status, marital status, parity, menopause, and smoking status. Our findings were in line with previous evidence and encouraged further research to investigate the potential role of DNA methylation markers in the management of obesity.

scholarly journals Association Between Self-Reported Chewing Status and Glycemic Control in Japanese Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komei Iwai ◽  
Tetsuji Azuma ◽  
Takatoshi Yonenaga ◽  
Daisuke Ekuni ◽  
Kazutoshi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between self-reported chewing status and glycemic control in 32,137 Japanese adults who participated in health checkups. Chewing status was evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. We defined poor glycemic control as a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ≥6.5% or the use of medication to control diabetes; 1,891 (5.9%) respondents met these criteria. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking status, exercise habits, body mass index, and eating speed, poor glycemic control was found to be positively associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR], 2.142; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.903 to 2.411; p < 0.001), older age (OR, 1.093; 95% CI, 1.087 to 1.099; p < 0.001), higher body mass index (OR, 1.234; 95% CI, 1.219 to 1.249; p < 0.001), current smoker status (OR, 1.378; 95% CI, 1.223 to 1.552; p < 0.001), and ability to chew well (OR, 0.795; 95% CI, 0.699 to 0.904; p < 0.001). Furthermore, a negative association was found between the ability to chew well and poor glycemic control in those ≥40 years of age, but not in those between 20 and 39 years of age. In conclusion, self-reported ability to chew well was associated with poor glycemic control in Japanese adults aged ≥40 years.

scholarly journals Body mass index, asthma, and respiratory symptoms: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Cristina Caon de Souza ◽  
Marcia Margaret Menezes Pizzichini ◽  
Mirella Dias ◽  
Maíra Junkes Cunha ◽  
Darlan Lauricio Matte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma, according to body mass index (BMI), as well as to evaluate factors associated with physician-diagnosed asthma, in individuals ≥ 40 years of age. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Florianópolis, Brazil, with probability sampling. Data were collected during home visits. Demographic data were collected, as were reports of physician-diagnosed asthma, respiratory symptoms, medications in use, and comorbidities. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Individuals also underwent spirometry before and after bronchodilator administration. Individuals were categorized as being of normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 kg/m2 ≥ BMI < 30 kg/m2), or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Results: A total of 1,026 individuals were evaluated, 274 (26.7%) were of normal weight, 436 (42.5%) were overweight, and 316 (30.8%) were obese. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 11.0%. The prevalence of obesity was higher in women (p = 0.03), as it was in respondents with ≤ 4 years of schooling (p < 0.001) or a family income of 3-10 times the national minimum wage. Physician-diagnosed asthma was more common among obese individuals than among those who were overweight and those of normal weight (16.1%, 9.9%, and 8.0%, respectively; p = 0.04), as were dyspnea (35.5%, 22.5%, and 17.9%, respectively; p < 0.001) and wheezing in the last year (25.6%, 11.9%, and 14.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). These results were independent of patient smoking status. In addition, obese individuals were three times more likely to report physician-diagnosed asthma than were those of normal weight (p = 0.005). Conclusions: A report of physician-diagnosed asthma showed a significant association with being ≥ 40 years of age and with having a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Being obese tripled the chance of physician-diagnosed asthma.

scholarly journals Association between smoking and body mass index among males aged 20 years and above: A study in rural Tamil Nadu, South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Anil C Mathew ◽  
Royce Kurian ◽  
KM Akshaya ◽  
S Karthikeyan ◽  
Thomas V Chacko
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Smoking

A large number of epidemiological studies reported an increase in mortality due to cancer and other diseases among lean individuals. In this paper we aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking status and Body Mass Index (BMI) in men aged 20 years and above. A cross sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research, Coimbatore during June and July 2010. A total of 459 men aged 20 years and above were included in the study. Statistical analyses were done using the General Linear Model procedure of SPSS. We observed that cigarette smokers weighed (Kg) less, p<0.01 (age adjusted mean ± standard error= 58.64±0.44) and were leaner, p<0.001 [age adjusted mean BMI (kg/m2) ± standard error=21.13±0.13] than ex/non-smokers (61.11±0.69 and 22.19± 0.2 respectively). Regarding the intensity of smoking and BMI, light smokers (1 to 20 cigarettes per day) were leaner than ex/non smokers (mean ± standard error were 21.13 ± 0.13, 22.19 ± 0.208 respectively, p< 0.001). Regarding the duration of smoking and BMI, a linear diminution in BMI is observed with increasing duration of cigarettes smoking compared to ex/non smokers (mean ± standard error of BMI) for ex/non smokers 22.19±0.208, 1 to 10 years of smoking 21.56 ± 0.221(p<0.05); 11 to 20 years of smoking 21.23±0.256 (p<0.01); 21 to 30 years of smoking 20.30 ± 0.333 (p<0.001); 30 and above years of smoking 20.07±0.501 (p<0.001). In conclusion, we found significant results confirming an association between cigarette smoking and lower BMI in men. Hence we recommended that health intervention programs to quit smoking should take into account the underlying perceived benefits of smoking with body weight.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v4i1.21841 South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(1) 2014: 53-58

scholarly journals Adiponection Serum Levels in Severe Preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Hermie M.M. Tendean ◽  
Juneke J. Kaeng ◽  
Astrina Supandy
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Inform Consent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
The Difference

Objective : To determine the difference adiponectin serum levels in pregnant patient with severe preeclampsia and normotency in Manado. Methods : This study is a cross sectional study which the number of samples obtained was 52 samples in which the sample was divided into 26 pregnant samples with severe preeclampsia and 26 control samples. Samples were taken from Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Hospital and network hospitals around Manado within the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were explained about the research procedure and singning the informed consent and take a blood sample by using the ELIZA method. After the data is collected, it is entered into the SPSS version 23.0 program for data analysis. Results : There was a significant relationship between adiponection serum levels with the incidency of severe preeclampsia and normotency. But for body mass index variables there were no significant differences by using T test (independent sample) in each severe preeclampsia and normotency pregnancy group where p=0.903. Body mass index, height, weight, and weight gain during pregnancy showed that there is no difference between cases and controls (p>0.05) which means that body mass index is not related to the stete of the severe preeclampsia and normotency. Conclusions : There was no relationship between BMI, age, parity, smoking, baby outcomes, delivery method and gestational age with the incidence of severe preeclampsia and normotency against adiponectin in this study. Keywords: adiponectin, obstetrics, preeclampsia.   Abstrak Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar adiponektin serum pada pasien hamil preeklamsia berat dengan hamil normal di Kota Manado. Metode : Studi ini merupakan studi potong lintang.  Jumlah Sampel yang didapatkan sebesar 52 sampel dimana sampel dibagi menjadi 26 sampel hamil dengan preeklamsia berat dan 26 sampel kontrol. Sampel diambil dari RSUP Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dan rumah sakit jejaring sekitar manado yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Semua pasien dijelaskan mengenai prosedur penelitian dan penandatanganan inform consent baru dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode ELISA. Setelah data dikumpulkan, maka dimasukkan ke dalam program SPSS versi 23.0 untuk data analisis. Hasil : Perhitungan dengan menggunakan uji statistik Mann - Whitney menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai rata-rata kadar adiponektin pada pasien hamil normal dengan pasien PEB     (p = 0,000). Adanya hubungan bermakna kadar adiponektin dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat. Namun untuk variabel IMT yang dilakukan secara uji t (sampel independen) didapatkan kesimpulan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada masing-masing kelompok normotensi dan kelompok preeklamsia berat di mana p= 0,903, indeks massa tubuh, tinggi badan, berat badan, serta pertambahan berat badan selama kehamilan tidak berbeda antara kasus dan kontrol (p>0,5). Ini berarti bahwa IMT tidak berhubungan dengan keadaan terjadinya preeklamsia berat. Kesimpulan: Tidak didapatkan hubungan antara IMT, usia, paritas, merokok, luaran bayi, cara persalinan dan usia kehamilan dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat dan normotensi  terhadap adiponektin pada penelitian ini. Kata kunci : adiponektin,  obstetri, preeklamsia.

scholarly journals Association between Self-Reported Chewing Status and Glycemic Control in Japanese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9548
Author(s):  
Komei Iwai ◽  
Tetsuji Azuma ◽  
Takatoshi Yonenaga ◽  
Daisuke Ekuni ◽  
Kazutoshi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
High Hba1c ◽  
Hba1c Levels

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between self-reported chewing status and glycemic control in 30,938 Japanese adults who participated in health checkups. Chewing status was evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. We defined high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels as a HbA1c level ≥6.5%; 692 (2.2%) respondents met this criterion. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking status, exercise habits, body mass index and eating speed, high HbA1c levels was found to be associated with male gender (odds ratio (OR), 1.568; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.310 to 1.878; p < 0.001), older age (OR, 1.077; 95% CI, 1.068 to 1.087; p < 0.001), higher body mass index (OR, 1.246; 95% CI, 1.225 to 1.268; p < 0.001), current smoker status (OR, 1.566; 95% CI, 1.303 to 1.882; p < 0.001) and chewing difficulty (OR, 1.302; 95% CI, 1.065 to 1.591; p < 0.05). In conclusion, self-reported chewing difficulty was associated with high HbA1c levels in Japanese adults.

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