scholarly journals Seroresponse to third doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among patients receiving maintenance dialysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M Hsu ◽  
Eduardo K Lacson ◽  
Harold J Manley ◽  
Gideon N Aweh ◽  
Dana Miskulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Additional Dose ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Vaccine Regimen ◽  
The Third ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Maintenance Dialysis

Given the increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 among patients undergoing maintenance dialysis, we examined the seroresponse to an additional dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, using a hypothesized protective anti-spike protein IgG antibody threshold of 7 based on prior work. Among 395 patients, 384 (97%) had seroresponse ≥7 following administration of the third dose. Among those with suboptimal (peak <7) and minimal (peak <1) seroresponse to an initial mRNA vaccine regimen, the rate of seroresponse ≥7 following a third dose was 97% (36 of 37) and 64% (14 of 22), respectively. Given ongoing high rates of COVID-19 and rapidly waning immunity after an initial vaccine series, we recommend a third mRNA vaccine dose be standard for all patients receiving maintenance dialysis.

scholarly journals Neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant after 3rd mRNA vaccination in health care workers and elderly subjects and response to a single dose in previously infected adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Haveri ◽  
Anna Solastie ◽  
Nina Ekström ◽  
Pamela Österlund ◽  
Hanna Nohynek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Care Workers

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) with major spike protein mutations has raised concern over potential neutralization escape and breakthrough infections among vaccinated and previously SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects. We measured cross-protective antibodies against variants in health care workers (HCW, n=20) and nursing home residents (n=9) from samples collected 1-2 months following the booster (3rd) dose. We also assessed the antibody responses in prior to Omicron era infected subjects (n=38) with subsequent administration of a single mRNA vaccine dose. Following booster vaccination HCWs had high IgG antibody concentrations to the spike protein and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were detectable against all variants. IgG concentrations among the elderly remained lower, and some lacked NAbs against the Beta and Omicron variants. NAb titers were significantly reduced against Delta, Beta and Omicron compared to wild-type virus regardless of age. Vaccination induced high IgG concentrations and variable titers of cross-reactive NAbs in previously infected subjects, whereas NAb titers against Omicron were barely detectable 1-month post-infection. High IgG concentrations with cross-protective neutralizing activity were detected after three COVID-19 vaccine doses in HCWs. However, lower NAb titers seen in the frail elderly suggest inadequate protection against Omicron breakthrough infections, yet protection against severe COVID-19 is expected.

scholarly journals Detection of persistent SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in oral mucosal fluid and upper respiratory tract specimens following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubree Mades ◽  
Prithivi Chellamuthu ◽  
Lauren Lopez ◽  
Noah Kojima ◽  
Melanie A MacMullan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Time Point

Previous studies have shown that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective at preventing SAR-CoV-2 infection by generating an immune response, which in part produces SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in serum. In this study, we hypothesized that COVID-19 vaccines may elicit production of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the upper respiratory tract, such as in oral and nasal mucosal fluid. To test that hypothesis, we enrolled 114 participants within 3-7 days of receiving the first dose of the Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and collected oral mucosal fluid samples on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 after each vaccine dose. Of participants naive to SARS-CoV-2 (n = 89), 79 (85.4%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by time point 2 (10 days +/-2 days after first vaccine dose), and 100% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG by time point 3 (15 days +/- 2 days after first vaccine dose). Additionally, we collected paired oral mucosal fluid and anterior nares samples from 10 participants who had received both vaccine doses. We found that participants had an average SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody concentration of 2496.0 +/- 2698.0ng/mL in nasal mucosal fluid versus 153.4 +/- 141.0ng/mL in oral mucosal fluid. Here, we demonstrate detection and longitudinal persistence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in upper respiratory tract specimens following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. A high concentration of IgG targeting viral spike protein in the upper respiratory system may play an unexplored role in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Human cases of West Nile Virus Infection in north-eastern Italy, 15 June to 15 November 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Barzon ◽  
M Pacenti ◽  
R Cusinato ◽  
M Cattai ◽  
E Franchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
West Nile ◽  
The Third ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
North Eastern

In 2010, for the third consecutive year, human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection, including three confirmed cases of neuroinvasive disease and three confirmed cases of West Nile fever, were identified in north-eastern Italy. While in 2008 and 2009 all human cases of WNV disease were recorded in the south of the Veneto region, cases of WNV disease in 2010 additionally occurred in two relatively small northern areas of Veneto, located outside those with WNV circulation in the previous years. WNV IgG antibody prevalence in blood donors resident in Veneto was estimated as ranging from 3.2 per 1,000 in areas not affected by cases of WNV disease to 33.3 per 1,000 in a highly affected area of the Rovigo province. No further autochthonous human cases of WNV disease were notified in Italy in 2010. The recurrence of human cases of WNV infection for the third consecutive year strongly suggests WNV has become endemic in north-eastern Italy.

scholarly journals Durability of Response to a Third BNT162b2 Vaccine in Adults ≥60 Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Eliakim Raz ◽  
Amos Stemmer ◽  
Yaara Leibovici-Weissman ◽  
Asaf Ness ◽  
Muhammad Awwad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Clinical Frailty Scale ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Third ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Level 2

BACKGROUND Age and frailty are strong predictors of COVID-19 mortality. After the second BNT162b2 dose, immunity wanes faster in older (≥65 years) versus younger adults. The durability of response after the third vaccine is unclear. METHODS This prospective cohort study included healthcare workers/family members ≥60 years who received a third BNT162b2 dose. Blood samples were drawn immediately before (T0), 10-19 (T1), and 74-103 (T2) days after the third dose. Antispike IgG titers were determined using a commercial assay, seropositivity was defined as ≥50 AU/mL. Neutralizing antibody titers were determined at T2. Adverse events, COVID-19 infections, and clinical frailty scale (CFS) levels were documented. RESULTS The analysis included 97 participants (median age, 70 years [IQR, 66-74], 61% women, 58% CFS level 2). IgG titers, which increased significantly from T0 to T1 (medians, 440 AU/mL [IQR, 294-923] and 25,429 [14,203-36,114] AU/mL, respectively; P<0.001), decreased significantly by T2, but all remained seropositive (median, 8,306 AU/mL [IQR, 4595-14,701], P<0.001 vs T1). In a multivariable analysis, only time from the first vaccine was significantly associated with lower IgG levels at T2 (P=0.004). At T2, 60 patients were evaluated for neutralizing antibodies; all were seropositive (median, 1,294 antibody titer [IQR, 848-2,072]). Neutralizing antibody and antispike IgG levels were correlated (R=0.6, P<0.001). No major adverse events or COVID-19 infections were reported. CONCLUSIONS Antispike IgG and neutralizing antibodies levels remain adequate 3 months after the third BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy adults ≥60 years, although the decline in IgG is concerning. A third vaccine dose in this population should be top priority.

scholarly journals Self-reported and physiological reactions to the third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (booster) vaccine dose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merav Mofaz ◽  
Matan Yechezkel ◽  
Grace Guan ◽  
Margaret L. Brandeau ◽  
Tal Patalon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
The Third ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Physiological Reactions

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid rise in hospitalizations associated with the Delta-driven COVID-19 resurgence, and the imminent risk of hospital overcrowding, led the Israeli government to initialize a national third (booster) COVID-19 vaccination campaign in early August 2021, offering the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to individuals who received their second dose over five months ago. However, the safety of the third (booster) dose has not been fully established yet.ObjectiveEvaluate the short-term, self-reported and physiological reactions to the third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (booster) vaccine dose.DesignA prospective observational study, in which participants are equipped with a smartwatch and fill in a daily questionnaire via a dedicated mobile application for a period of 21 days, starting seven days before the vaccination.SettingAn Israel-wide third (booster) vaccination campaign.ParticipantsA group of 1,609 (18+ years of age) recipients of at least one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine between December 20, 2020, and September 15, 2021, out of a larger cohort of 2,912 prospective study participants. 1,344 of the participants were recipients of the third vaccine dose.MeasurementsDaily self-reported questionnaires regarding local and systemic reactions, mood level, stress level, sport duration, and sleep quality. Heart rate, heart rate variability and blood oxygen saturation level were continuously measured by Garmin Vivosmart 4 smartwatches.ResultsThe extent of systemic reactions reported following the third (booster) dose administration is similar to that reported following the second dose (p-value=0.305) and considerably greater than that reported following the first dose (p-value<0.001). Our analyses of self-reported well-being indicators as well as the objective heart rate and heart rate variability measures recorded by the smartwatches further support this finding. Focusing on the third dose, reactions were more apparent in younger participants (p-value<0.01), in women (p-value<0.001), and in participants with no underlying medical conditions (p-value<0.001). Nevertheless, reported reactions and changes in physiological measures returned to their baseline levels within three days from inoculation with the third dose.LimitationsParticipants may not adequately represent the vaccinated population in Israel and elsewhere.ConclusionOur work further supports the safety of a third COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA (booster) vaccine dose from both a subjective and an objective perspective, particularly in individuals 65+ years of age and those with underlying medical conditions.Primary funding sourceEuropean Research Council (ERC) project #949850

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Post Vaccinated Adverse Effects and Efficacy in the Egyptian Population

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Marwa O. Elgendy ◽  
Ahmed O. El-Gendy ◽  
Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alzarea ◽  
Sarah Mahmoud ◽  
Saad S. Alqahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Dose Interval ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Administration Methods ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Vaccines are the solution to overcome SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to determine the post-Sinopharm vaccine safety-profile and immunity through antibody titers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from Egyptian participants who received two doses of Sinopharm vaccine. Data were divided into three parts, the first and second parts were to detect participants’ post-first and second dose symptoms and practices, and the third for the results of IgG anti spike protein antibodies test and laboratory tests. Pain, redness, swelling at the injection site, headache, fatigue, and lethargy were the most common post-vaccine symptoms for both first and second doses. Most of the participants felt mild or no symptoms after vaccination. The symptoms started mostly during the first day post-vaccination and lasted for no more than two days. Forty-nine percent of the participants resulted in positive antibodies tests on day 18 post-vaccination. The average antibody level for vaccinated participants with past SARS-CoV-2 infection was much higher than that for non-past infected participants. These vaccines’ administration methods need to be reevaluated by changing the dose, dose interval, adding a third dose, or mixing it with other vaccines with different techniques to improve their protection rates. Further studies are required to validate this finding.

scholarly journals Antibody response to BTN162b2 mRNA vaccination in naïve versus SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects with and without waning immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Zipeto ◽  
Luca Dalle Carbonare ◽  
Maria Teresa Valenti ◽  
Zeno Bisoffi ◽  
Chiara Piubelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Serum Neutralization ◽  
Iga Response ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Specific Igg

Abstract We profiled antibody responses in a cohort of recipients of the BTN162b2 mRNA vaccine who were either immunologically naïve (n=50) or had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n=51). Of the previously infected, 25 and 26 were infected during the first and second pandemic waves in Italy, respectively; the majority of those from the first wave had corresponding waning immunity with low to undetectable levels of anti-S antibodies and low anti-N antibodies. We observed in recipients who had been previously infected that spike-specific IgG and pseudovirus neutralization titers were rapidly recalled by a single vaccine dose to higher levels than those in naïve recipients after the second vaccine dose, irrespective of waning immunity. In all recipients, a single vaccine dose was sufficient to induce a potent IgA response that was not associated with serum neutralization titers.

scholarly journals Predictive factors of response to 3rd dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in kidney transplant recipients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Charmetant ◽  
Maxime Espi ◽  
Thomas Barba ◽  
Anne Ovize ◽  
Emmanuel Morelon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
The Third ◽  
Response Increase

AbstractOnly a minority of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) develop protective neutralizing titers of anti-receptor binding domain of spike protein (RBD) IgG after two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Administration of a third dose of mRNA vaccine to KTRs with sub-optimal response increase anti-RBD IgG titers but with high inter-individual variability. Patients with the higher response rate to the third dose of vaccine can be identified by the presence of low anti-RBD IgG titers and spike-specific CD4+ T cells in their circulation 14 days after the second dose.

scholarly journals Prior COVID-19 Infection and Antibody Response to Single Versus Double Dose mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Ebinger ◽  
Justyna Fert-Bober ◽  
Ignat Printsev ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Nancy Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Dose Regimen ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Supply Chain Logistics ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Single Versus

The double dose regimen for mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 presents both a hope and a challenge for global efforts to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. With supply chain logistics impacting the rollout of population-scale vaccination programs, increasing attention has turned to the potential efficacy of single versus double dose vaccine administration for select individuals. To this end, we examined response to Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine in a large cohort of healthcare workers including those with versus without prior COVID-19 infection. For all participants, we quantified circulating levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S) protein IgG at baseline prior to vaccine, after vaccine dose 1, and after vaccine dose 2. We observed that the anti-S IgG antibody response following a single vaccine dose in persons who had recovered from confirmed prior COVID-19 infection was similar to the antibody response following two doses of vaccine in persons without prior infection (P>0.57). Patterns were similar for the post-vaccine symptoms experienced by infection recovered persons following their first dose compared to the symptoms experienced by infection naive persons following their second dose (P=0.66). These results support the premise that a single dose of mRNA vaccine could provoke in COVID-19 recovered individuals a level of immunity that is comparable to that seen in infection naive persons following a double dose regimen. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings, which could allow for public health programs to expand the reach of population wide vaccination efforts.

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