scholarly journals A Comparison Of Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Concentration And Gut Microbiota Diversity In Bonobos (Pan paniscus)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexana J Hickmott ◽  
Klaree J Boose ◽  
Monica L Wakefield ◽  
Colin M Brand ◽  
J. Josh Snodgrass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Metabolite Concentration ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid

Host sex, age, diet, stress, and social environment have all been found to influence the gut microbiota. In non-human primates (NHP), recent evidence from gorillas found fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentration (FGMC) had no significant role in structuring their gut microbiota, but there was a significant differential abundance between family Anaerolineaceae and gorilla FGMC. This pattern has yet to be examined in other NHP, like bonobos (Pan paniscus). We compared FGMC to 16S rRNA amplicons for 201 bonobo fecal samples collected in the wild across five months to evaluate the impact of stress, measured with FGMC, on the gut microbiota. Simpsons index was the only alpha diversity index to have a significant linear relationship with FGMC [R2 = 0.9643, F(4, 210) = 28.56, p = 0.0023]. FGMC level explained 1.63% of the variation in beta diversity for Jensen-Shannon Distance, 2.49% for Weighted UniFrac, and 3.53% for Unweighted UniFrac using PERMANOVAs. Differential abundance models showed seventeen taxa that were significantly correlated with FGMC. We found that genus SHD-231 in the family Anaerolinaceae was significant in our differential abundance model results, similar to western lowland gorilla abundance model results. These results suggest bonobos exhibit different patterns than gorillas in alpha and beta diversity measures and that members of the family Anaerolinaceae may be differentially affected by host stress across great apes. Incorporating FGMC into gut microbiota research can provide a more robust understanding of how stress impacts the gut microbiota of primates and humans and has important ties to overall host health.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition is associated with narcolepsy type 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e896
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lecomte ◽  
Lucie Barateau ◽  
Pedro Pereira ◽  
Lars Paulin ◽  
Petri Auvinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is related to the gut microbiota, we compared the microbiota bacterial communities of patients with NT1 and control subjects.MethodsThirty-five patients with NT1 (51.43% women, mean age 38.29 ± 19.98 years) and 41 controls (57.14% women, mean age 36.14 ± 12.68 years) were included. Stool samples were collected, and the fecal microbiota bacterial communities were compared between patients and controls using the well-standardized 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach. We studied alpha and beta diversity and differential abundance analysis between patients and controls, and between subgroups of patients with NT1.ResultsWe found no between-group differences for alpha diversity, but we discovered in NT1 a link with NT1 disease duration. We highlighted differences in the global bacterial community structure as assessed by beta diversity metrics even after adjustments for potential confounders as body mass index (BMI), often increased in NT1. Our results revealed differential abundance of several operational taxonomic units within Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, and Flavonifractor between patients and controls, but not after adjusting for BMI.ConclusionWe provide evidence of gut microbial community structure alterations in NT1. However, further larger and longitudinal multiomics studies are required to replicate and elucidate the relationship between the gut microbiota, immunity dysregulation and NT1.

scholarly journals The Impact of Exercise on Gut Microbiota Diversity During a Period of Increased Caloric Intake Characteristic of the Winter Holiday Period (P21-029-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Ortega-Santos ◽  
Wesley Tucker ◽  
Clairessa Brown ◽  
Daniel Laubitz ◽  
Albert Barberan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Holiday Period ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The winter holiday period is associated with weight gain from overconsumption of calories from fat and sugar. Such short-term lifestyle change has the ability to decrease diversity of the gut microbiome and enhance the harvest of energy from the hosts’ diet, both of which are relevant factors in obesity. Exercise may influence gut microbial diversity and prevent diet induced obesity related health outcomes. The study aim to determine the impact of exercise on taxonomic diversity of the gut microbiota (GM) and cardiometabolic health parameters after four weeks of consuming a fat-sugar supplemented diet. Methods Healthy overweight/obese (BMI 29.8 ± 3.5 kg/m2, age 29 ± 7 yrs, waist circumference (WC) 99.8 ± 10 cm) males (n = 18) supplemented their diet with 2 donuts per day (606 kcal, 50% fat, 46% carbs, 4% protein), 6 days/week, for 4 weeks. Subjects were randomized to sedentary control (n = 4) or 1000 kcal/week on a cycle ergometer 4 days/week of supervised exercise (n = 14). We measured WC (cm), flow mediated dilation (FMD, %) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). GM diversity was analyzed, in stool samples collected pre- and post-intervention, with DADA2 and vegan, and visualized with ggplot in R. SILVA v.132 was used for taxonomic assignment. Differences in GM alpha (Shannon Index) and beta (Bray-Curtis) diversity were evaluated with Mann-Whitney U and Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) tests. Results Microbial diversity analysis revealed no significant (P > 0.05) alpha (Shannon Index) or beta diversity (Bray-Curtis) differences between the control and exercise group after 4 weeks intervention. GM alpha and beta diversity also did not differ (P > 0.05) by HOMA-IR and FMD categories. We did observe that participants with a lower WC (<102 cm) had a significantly (P < 0.05) different microbial beta diversity than men with a WC of 102–109.99 cm but not compared to those with a WC > 110 cm. Conclusions In this study, exercise training during 4 weeks of consuming a fat-sugar supplemented diet did not appear to influence GM diversity. However, beta-diversity was heterogeneous across WC classes suggesting a potential link between central adiposity and GM community structure. Further studies with a larger sample size should be done to confirm these findings. Funding Sources This study was partially funded by the Arizona State University Graduate and Professional Student Association Research Program.

scholarly journals Observation of the Gut Microbiota Profile in C57BL/6 Mice Induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guan ◽  
Shuguo Yang ◽  
Yanqing Zhao ◽  
Weijia Cheng ◽  
Xiaonan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Experimental Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The genus of Plasmodium parasites can cause malaria, which is a prevalent infectious disease worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. C57BL/6 mice infected with P. berghei ANKA (PbA) will suffer from experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). However, the gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice has rarely been investigated, especially regarding changes in the intestinal environment caused by infectious parasites. P. berghei ANKA-infected (PbA group) and uninfected C57BL/6 (Ctrl group) mice were used in this study. C57BL/6 mice were infected with PbA via intraperitoneal injection of 1 × 106 infected red blood cells. Fecal samples of two groups were collected. The microbiota of feces obtained from both uninfected and infected mice was characterized by targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA through the Illumina MiSeq platform. The variations in the total gut microbiota composition were determined based on alpha and beta diversity analyses of 16S rRNA sequencing. The raw sequences from all samples were generated and clustered using ≥ 97% sequence identity into many microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The typical microbiota composition in the gut was dominated by Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level. Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were considerably decreased after PbA infection compared with the control group (Ctrl), while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were increased substantially after PbA infection compared with Ctrl. The alpha diversity index showed that the observed OTU number was increased in the PbA group compared with the Ctrl group. Moreover, the discreteness of the beta diversity revealed that the PbA group samples had a higher number of OTUs than the Ctrl group. LEfSe analysis revealed that several potential bacterial biomarkers were clearly related to the PbA-infected mice at the phylogenetic level. Several bacterial genera, such as Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, were overrepresented in the PbA-infected fecal microbiota. Meanwhile, a method similar to gene coexpression network construction was used to generate the OTU co-abundance units. These results indicated that P. berghei ANKA infection could alter the gut microbiota composition of C57BL/6 mice. In addition, potential biomarkers should offer insight into malaria pathogenesis and antimalarial drug and malaria vaccine studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Levodopa Initiation on the Gut Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Palacios ◽  
Anas Hannoun ◽  
Julie Flahive ◽  
Doyle Ward ◽  
Kelsey Goostrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of Levodopa on the gut microbiota of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has not been sufficiently addressed.Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study to examine the impact of Levodopa initiation on the gut microbiota composition of 19 PD patients who had not previously been exposed to Levodopa. Patients provided two stool samples prior to and two samples 90 days after starting Levodopa. Motor impairment (MDS-UPDRS Part III), diet, and other patient characteristics were assessed. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota. We examined, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, the associations between Levodopa use and alpha and beta diversity and performed feature-wise, multivariate modeling to identify taxa associated longitudinally with Levodopa use and with improvement in motor function after Levodopa administration.Results: We did not observe significant differences in alpha or beta diversity before vs. after initiation of Levodopa. In longitudinal feature-wise analyses, at the genus level, no taxa were significantly associated with Levodopa use after false discovery rate (FDR) correction (q &lt; 0.05). We observed a marginally lower relative abundance of bacteria belonging to Clostridium group IV in PD patients who experienced a medium or large improvement in motor impairment in response to Levodopa compared to those with a small response [β = −0.64 (SE: 0.18), p-trend: 0.00015 p-FDR: 0.019].Conclusions: In this study, Levodopa was not associated with changes in microbiota composition in this longitudinal analysis. The association between abundance of Clostridium group IV and short-term motor symptom response to Levodopa is preliminary and should be investigated in larger, longer-term studies, that include a control group.

Adolescents' Perceptions of The Impact of Caregiving on The Family

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon B. Hamill ◽  
Tayari Shorter ◽  
Sarah Singleton ◽  
Carrie Page ◽  
Tabitha Pierce
Keyword(s):  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

The effect of brain vitalization activity on dementia incidence in elderly at Budi Luhur Nursing Home of Yogyakarta, Kasongan, Bantul

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Firstyono Miftahul Aziz ◽  
Suratini Suratini
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

For some people, dementia is considered as a disease that is common in elderly, regardless the impact of dementia. Taking care for the elderly with dementia brings stress for the family. It can cause and increase the family burden. Brain vitalization gymnastics is one of the methods to improve memory. The study aims to investigate the effect of brain vitalization activity on dementia incidence in elderly at Budi Luhur Nursing Home of Yogyakarta. The study used Quasi Experimental with Pretest-Posttest control group and randomized sampling system. The samples were taken randomly as many as 26 respondents and were divided into two groups namely 13 respondents of experimental group and 13 respondents of control group. The statistical test used Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test. The result showed that Wilcoxon Match pairs test obtained p value 0,003, which is smaller than 0,005. There is an effect of brain vitalization activity on dementia incidence in elderly at Budi Luhur Nursing Home of Yogyakarta

The Impact of Parole Upon the Family

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Patrick Deehy
Keyword(s):  
The Family ◽  
The Impact
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