Elongation during segmentation shows axial variability, low mitotic rates, and synchronized cell cycle domains in the crustacean, Thamnocephalus platyurus

AbstractSegmentation in arthropods typically occurs by sequential addition of segments from a posterior growth zone, but cell behaviors producing posterior elongation are not well known. Using precisely staged larvae of the crustacean, Thamnocephalus platyurus, we systematically examined cell division patterns and morphometric changes associated with posterior elongation during segmentation. We show that cell division is required for normal elongation but that cells in the growth zone need only divide ~1.5 times to meet that requirement; correspondingly, direct measures of cell division in the growth zone are low. Morphometric measurements of the growth zone and of newly formed segments suggest tagma-specific features of segment generation. Using methods for detecting two different phases in the cell cycle, we show distinct domains of synchronized cells in the posterior. Borders of cell cycle domains correlate with domains of segmental gene expression, suggesting an intimate link between segment generation and cell cycle regulation.Summary StatementPosterior growth zone has synchronized cell cycle domains but shows little cell division during segment addition in a crustacean. Dimensions of the shrinking posterior growth zone change at tagma boundaries.

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Linking gene regulation to cell behaviors in the posterior growth zone of sequentially segmenting arthropods

Arthropod Structure & Development ◽

10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 380-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Terri A. Williams ◽

Lisa M. Nagy

Keyword(s):

Gene Regulation ◽

Growth Zone ◽

Cell Behaviors ◽

Posterior Growth Zone

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The emerging importance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in the regulation of the plant cell cycle and related processesThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology.

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b06-043 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 640-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Hong Wang ◽

Yongming Zhou ◽

Larry C. Fowke

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Division ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Cell Cycle Regulation ◽

Cellular Localization ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cdk Inhibitors ◽

Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽

Cycle Regulation

The cell division cycle in plants as in other eukaryotes is controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). This CDK paradigm determines that developmental cues and environmental signals need to impinge on the CDK complex to affect the cell cycle. An important part of understanding cell cycle regulation is to understand how CDK is regulated by various factors. In addition, there are features that set the cell cycle regulation in plants apart from that in other eukaryotes such as animals. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the differences is poor. A family of plant CDK inhibitor proteins has been identified. The plant CDK inhibitors share similarity with a family of animal CDK inhibitors in a small region, while most of the sequence and the structural layout of the plant CDK inhibitors are different from the animal counterparts. Studies of plant CDK inhibitors have been performed mostly with the CDK inhibitors from Arabidopsis called ICKs (also referred to as KRPs). ICKs interact with D-type cyclins and A-type CDK. Overexpression of ICKs has been shown to affect cell division, plant growth, and morphogenesis. Studies of ICKs have also provided insightful information on the control of endoreduplication in plants. These aspects as well as cellular localization and protein regulation of ICKs are reviewed.

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Cell Cycle Regulation and Cell Division in Giardia

Giardia ◽

10.1007/978-3-7091-0198-8_10 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 161-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Scott C. Dawson ◽

Eva Nohýnková ◽

Michael Cipriano

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Division ◽

Cell Cycle Regulation ◽

Cycle Regulation

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Cell cycle regulation in NAFLD: when imbalanced metabolism limits cell division

Hepatology International ◽

10.1007/s12072-020-10066-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 463-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matias J. Caldez ◽

Mikael Bjorklund ◽

Philipp Kaldis

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Division ◽

Cell Cycle Regulation ◽

Cycle Regulation

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The UBXN-2/p37/p47 adaptors of CDC-48/p97 regulate mitosis by limiting the centrosomal recruitment of Aurora A

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201209107 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 201 (4) ◽

pp. 559-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Elsa Kress ◽

Françoise Schwager ◽

René Holtackers ◽

Jonas Seiler ◽

François Prodon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Division ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Mitotic Spindle ◽

Cell Cycle Regulation ◽

Aurora A ◽

Aaa Atpase ◽

Centrosome Separation ◽

Cycle Regulation

Coordination of cell cycle events in space and time is crucial to achieve a successful cell division. Here, we demonstrate that UBXN-2, a substrate adaptor of the AAA ATPase Cdc48/p97, is required to coordinate centrosome maturation timing with mitosis. In UBXN-2–depleted Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, centrosomes recruited more AIR-1 (Aurora A), matured precociously, and alignment of the mitotic spindle with the axis of polarity was impaired. UBXN-2 and CDC-48 coimmunoprecipitated with AIR-1 and the spindle alignment defect was partially rescued by co-depleting AIR-1, indicating that UBXN-2 controls these processes via AIR-1. Similarly, depletion in human cells of the UBXN-2 orthologues p37/p47 resulted in an accumulation of Aurora A at centrosomes and a delay in centrosome separation. The latter defect was also rescued by inhibiting Aurora A. We therefore postulate that the role of this adaptor in cell cycle regulation is conserved.

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The TFIIH Subunit p89 (XPB) Localizes to the Centrosome during Mitosis

Analytical Cellular Pathology ◽

10.1155/2010/107027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (1-2) ◽

pp. 121-130

Author(s):

Achim Weber ◽

Hye-Jung Chung ◽

Erik Springer ◽

Dirk Heitzmann ◽

Richard Warth

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Division ◽

Cell Cycle Control ◽

Structural Basis ◽

Core Complex ◽

Centrosomal Protein ◽

General Transcription Factor ◽

Factor Ii ◽

Complex Functions ◽

Cycle Regulation

Background: The general transcription factor II H (TFIIH), comprised of a core complex and an associated CAK-complex, functions in transcription, DNA repair and cell cycle control. Mutations of the two largest subunits, p89 (XPB) and p80 (XPD), cause the hereditary cancer-prone syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum.Methods: The TFIIH subunit p89 was monitored during interphase and cell division by immunofluorescence staining, GFP-fusion constructs including deletions, live cell imaging and immuno-precipitations.Results: Here we demonstrate that during cell division, from prophase until telophase, the TFIIH core subunit p89, but not other subunits of TFIIH, associates with the centrosomes and the adjacent parts of the mitotic spindle. With overall constant levels throughout mitosis, p89 re-localizes to the newly formed nuclei by the end of mitosis. Furthermore, p89 interacts with the centrosomal protein γ-tubulin. Truncations of p89 result in an abnormal subcellular distribution during interphase and abolished centrosomal association during mitosis.Conclusions: Our observations suggest a so far unappreciated role for p89 in cell cycle regulation, and may be the structural basis for a long known, but hitherto unexplained interaction between p89 and tubulin.

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Cell Cycle Regulation by Heat Shock Transcription Factors

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells11020203 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 203

Author(s):

Yasuko Tokunaga ◽

Ken-Ichiro Otsuyama ◽

Naoki Hayashida

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Cell Division ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Cell Cycle Regulation ◽

Cell Cycle Progression ◽

Cycle Progression ◽

Heat Shock Transcription Factors ◽

Gene Bookmarking ◽

Cycle Regulation

Cell division and cell cycle mechanism has been studied for 70 years. This research has revealed that the cell cycle is regulated by many factors, including cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) have been noted as critical proteins for cell survival against various stresses; however, recent studies suggest that HSFs also have important roles in cell cycle regulation-independent cell-protective functions. During cell cycle progression, HSF1, and HSF2 bind to condensed chromatin to provide immediate precise gene expression after cell division. This review focuses on the function of these HSFs in cell cycle progression, cell cycle arrest, gene bookmarking, mitosis and meiosis.

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Cell Cycle Expression and Transcriptional Regulation of DNA Topoisomerase IV Genes inCaulobacter

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.181.11.3321-3329.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 181 (11) ◽

pp. 3321-3329 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Doyle V. Ward ◽

Austin Newton

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Division ◽

Caulobacter Crescentus ◽

Regulatory Element ◽

Cycle Period ◽

Sequence Motif ◽

Topoisomerase Iv ◽

Dna Topoisomerase ◽

Promoter Architecture ◽

Cycle Regulation

ABSTRACT DNA replication and differentiation are closely coupled during theCaulobacter crescentus cell cycle. We have previously shown that DNA topoisomerase IV (topo IV), which is encoded by theparE and parC genes, is required for chromosomal partitioning, cell division, and differentiation in this bacterium (D. Ward and A. Newton, Mol. Microbiol. 26:897–910, 1997). We have examined the cell cycle regulation of parEand parC and report here that transcription of these topo IV genes is induced during the swarmer-to-stalked-cell transition when cells prepare for initiation of DNA synthesis. The regulation ofparE and parC expression is not strictly coordinated, however. The rate of parE transcription increases ca. 20-fold during the G1-to-S-phase transition and in this respect, its pattern of regulation is similar to those of several other genes required for chromosome duplication. Transcription from the parC promoter, by contrast, is induced only two- to threefold during this cell cycle period. Steady-state ParE levels are also regulated, increasing ca. twofold from low levels in swarmer cells to a maximum immediately prior to cell division, while differences in ParC levels during the cell cycle could not be detected. These results suggest that topo IV activity may be regulated primarily through parE expression. The presumptive promoters of the topo IV genes display striking similarities to, as well as differences from, the consensus promoter recognized by the majorCaulobacter sigma factor ς73. We also present evidence that a conserved 8-mer sequence motif located in the spacers between the −10 and −35 elements of the parE andparC promoters is required for maximum levels ofparE transcription, which raises the possibility that it may function as a positive regulatory element. The pattern ofparE transcription and the parE andparC promoter architecture suggest that the topo IV genes belong to a specialized subset of cell cycle-regulated genes required for chromosome replication.

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