Genetic control of transition from juvenile to mature wood with respect to microfibril angle (MFA) in Norway spruce (Picea abies) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

AbstractGenetic control of microfibril angle (MFA) transition from juvenile to mature was evaluated in Norway spruce and lodgepole pine. Increment cores were collected at breast height from 5,618 trees in two 21-year-old Norway spruce progeny trials in southern Sweden, and from 823 trees in two 34-35 – year-old lodgepole pine progeny trials in northern Sweden. Radial variations in MFA from pith to bark were measured for each core using SilviScan. To estimate MFA transition from juvenile to mature, a threshold level of MFA 20° was considered and six different regression functions were fitted to the MFA profile of each tree after exclusion of outliers, following three steps. The narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2) obtained for MFA transition were highest based on the slope function, ranging from 0.21 to 0.23 for Norway spruce and from 0.34 to 0.53 for lodgepole pine, while h2 were mostly non-significant based on the logistic function, under all exclusion methods. Results of this study indicate that it is possible to select for an earlier MFA transition from juvenile to mature in Norway spruce and lodgepole pine selective breeding programs, as the genetic gains (∆G) obtained in direct selection of this trait were very high in both species.

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Genetic control of transition from juvenile to mature wood with respect to microfibril angle in Norway spruce (Picea abies) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2018-0140 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (11) ◽

pp. 1358-1365 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Haleh Hayatgheibi ◽

Nils Erik Gustaf Forsberg ◽

Sven-Olof Lundqvist ◽

Tommy Mörling ◽

Ewa J. Mellerowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Genetic Control ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Juvenile Wood ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability

Genetic control of microfibril angle (MFA) transition from juvenile wood to mature wood was evaluated in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon). Increment cores were collected at breast height (1.3 m) from 5664 trees in two 21-year-old Norway spruce progeny trials in southern Sweden and from 823 trees in two lodgepole pine progeny trials, aged 34–35 years, in northern Sweden. Radial variations in MFA from pith to bark were measured for each core using SilviScan. To estimate MFA transition from juvenile wood to mature wood, a threshold level of MFA 20° was considered, and six different regression functions were fitted to the MFA profile of each tree after exclusion of outliers, following three steps. The narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2) obtained for MFA transition were highest based on the slope function, ranging from 0.21 to 0.23 for Norway spruce and from 0.34 to 0.53 for lodgepole pine, while h2 were mostly non-significant based on the logistic function, under all exclusion methods. Results of this study indicate that it is possible to select for an earlier MFA transition from juvenile wood to mature wood in Norway spruce and lodgepole pine selective breeding programs, as the genetic gains (ΔG) obtained in direct selection of this trait were very high in both species.

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Genetic analysis of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) solid-wood quality traits

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2017-0152 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (10) ◽

pp. 1303-1313 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Haleh Hayatgheibi ◽

Anders Fries ◽

Johan Kroon ◽

Harry X. Wu

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Dynamic Stiffness ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Ring Width ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Solid Wood ◽

Early Selection

Potential improvement of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) solid-wood properties was examined by estimating age trends of inheritance, age–age genetic correlations, and the efficiency of early selection using 823 increment cores sampled from 207 half-sib families at two independent progeny trials, aged 34–35 years, located in northern Sweden. High-resolution radial variation of annual ring width, wood density, microfibril angle (MFA), and modulus of elasticity (clearwood stiffness; MOES) was measured using SilviScan. The dynamic stiffness (MOEtof) of standing trees was also obtained using Hitman ST300. Heritabilities ranged from 0.10 to 0.64 for growth and earlywood, transition-wood, and latewood proportions, from 0.29 to 0.77 for density traits, and from 0.13 to 0.33 for MFA and stiffness traits. Genetic correlations between early age and the reference age (26 years) suggested that early selection is efficient at age 4 years for MFA and between ages 5 to 8 years for density and MOES. Unfavorable diameter–stiffness genetic correlations and correlated responses indicate that breeding for a 1% increase in diameter would confer 5.5% and 2.3% decreases in lodgepole pine MOES and MOEtof, respectively. Index selection with appropriate economical weights for growth and wood stiffness is highly recommended for selective breeding.

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Genetic analysis of wood quality traits in Norway spruce open-pollinated progenies and their parent plus trees at clonal archives and the evaluation of phenotypic selection of plus trees

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2018-0117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 810-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Linghua Zhou ◽

Zhiqiang Chen ◽

Sven-Olof Lundqvist ◽

Lars Olsson ◽

Thomas Grahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Wood Density ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Phenotypic Selection ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Pilodyn Penetration ◽

Plus Tree ◽

Selection Of

A two-generation pedigree involving 519 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) plus trees (at clonal archives) and their open-pollinated (OP) progenies was studied with the aim to evaluate the potential of plus-tree selection based on phenotype data scored on the plus trees. Two wood properties (wood density and modulus of elasticity, MOE) and one fiber property (microfibril angle, MFA) were measured with a SilviScan instrument on samples from one ramet per plus tree and 12 OP progenies per plus tree (total of 6288 trees). Three ramets per plus tree and their OP progenies were also assessed for Pilodyn penetration depth and Hitman acoustic velocity, which were used to estimate MOE. The narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates based on parent–offspring regression were marginally higher than those based on half-sib correlation when three ramets per plus tree were included. For SilviScan data, estimates of the correlation between half-sib, progeny-based breeding values (BVs) and plus-tree phenotypes, as well as repeatability estimates, were highest for wood density, followed by MOE and MFA. Considering that the repeatability estimates from the clonal archive trees were higher than any h2 estimate, selection of the best clones from clonal archives would be an effective alternative.

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Modeling percent stocking changes for lodgepole pine stands in Alberta

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x07-208 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 1042-1052 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yuqing Yang ◽

Shongming Huang

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Model Fitting ◽

Covariance Structure ◽

Site Index ◽

Logistic Function ◽

Correlated Errors ◽

Validation Data ◽

Pine Stands

A percent stocking change model was developed for lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) in Alberta based on spatially mapped permanent sample plot data. Percent stocking was defined as the percentage of 10 m2 subplots occupied by at least one tree with a minimum height of 1.3 m. The difference equation technique was employed to fit the model. Three model forms were examined and the logistic function was chosen as the final model. Site index was found to be a significant predictor and incorporated into the model. Analyses revealed that the model had correlated, but homoskedastic errors and the correlated errors were modeled by spherical covariance structure using NLINMIX macro in SAS. A percent stocking index, defined as the percent stocking at 50 years total age, was introduced and derived from the developed model. The percent stocking model had both forward and backward projection capabilities. It was demonstrated, both on model fitting and validation data, that the model adequately portrayed the percent stocking dynamics of lodgepole pine stands in Alberta. The model also provided an important basis for creating linkages between reforestation survey results and future yield, which is crucial for sustainable forest management.

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Estimating the growth of 20-to 26-year-old lodgepole pine plantations in the Leningrad region of Russia

Folia Forestalia Polonica ◽

10.2478/ffp-2019-0006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63

Author(s):

Anatoly V. Zhigunov ◽

Оlesia Y. Butenko

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Volume Yield ◽

Significant Damage

Abstract The aim of our study was to compare the growth rates of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) with those of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) in plantations. The experimental plots were established in 1988, 1989 and 1994 in the southern part of the Leningrad region. In 2014, the condition of the plants on those plots was examined and their linear parameters were measured. The comparison of Scots pine with lodgepole pine of the same age growing in similar soil conditions has shown that Scots pine has only an insignificant advantage over lodgepole pine in the growth rate. In the mixes of Norway spruce and lodgepole pine, Norway spruce considerably suppresses the growth of lodgepole pine. Lodgepole pine has successfully adapted to the climatic conditions of the Leningrad region of Russia, which is easy to see from the well-preserved plantations and their annual bearing. No significant damage because of either diseases or insect pests has been revealed. It is for the first time that the volume yield of lodgepole pine was determined in 20-to 26-year-old experimental plantations in the Leningrad region of Russia.

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Genetic control of kraft pulp yield in Eucalyptus globulus

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x10-035 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 917-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Desmond J. Stackpole ◽

René E. Vaillancourt ◽

Geoffrey M. Downes ◽

Christopher E. Harwood ◽

Brad M. Potts

Keyword(s):

Genetic Control ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Kraft Pulp ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Basic Density ◽

Pulp Yield ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Selection Gradients ◽

Economic Worth

Pulp yield is an important breeding objective for Eucalyptus globulus Labill., but evaluation of its genetic control and genetic correlations with other traits has been limited by its high assessment cost. We used near infrared spectroscopy to study genetic variation in pulp yield and other traits in a 16-year-old E. globulus trial. Pulp yield was predicted for 2165 trees from 467 open-pollinated families from 17 geographic subraces. Significant differences between subraces and between families within subraces were detected for all traits. The high pulp yield of southern Tasmanian subraces suggested that their economic worth was previously underestimated. The narrow-sense heritability of pulp yield was medium (0.40). The significant positive genetic correlation between pulp yield and diameter (0.52) was at odds with the generally neutral values reported. The average of the reported genetic correlations between pulp yield and basic density (0.50) was also at odds with our nonsignificant estimate. Pulp yield of the subraces increased with increasing latitude, producing a negative correlation with density (–0.58). The absence of genetic correlations within subraces between pulp yield and density suggests that the correlation may be an independent response of the two traits to the same or different selection gradients that vary with latitude.

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GENETIC CONTROL OF VARIATION IN A SELECTED POPULATION OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS (ELYMUS JUNCEUS)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps76-043 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 275-280

Author(s):

T. LAWRENCE

Keyword(s):

Genetic Control ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Seedling Characters ◽

Additive Control

Progenies from a five-genotype diallel cross in Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch., were studied to assess the pattern of genetic control for F1 seed weight and a number of seedling and adult plant characters. Variation in F1 seed weight was largely determined by the maternal parent, but some control by the pollen parent was apparent. Of the seedling characters, days to emerge, rate of leaf appearance, rate of tiller appearance, and seedling dry matter yield, only days to emerge showed additive variance which is amenable to direct selection. The other three characters could be most easily exploited by a recurrent selection program. The adult plant characters, date of inflorescence appearance, P content of the forage, and organic matter digestibility indicated strong additive control which is amenable to direct selection. Dry matter yield and seed yield also showed strong additive control which was accompanied by specific combining ability and weak maternal effects suggesting good progress should be possible by direct selection methods but crossing the selections in a diallel fashion prior to formation of synthetics might be desirable. The seedling characters, rate of leaf and tiller appearance and seedling dry matter yield were interrelated and associated with adult plant yield, thus offering the possibility of screening seedlings for these characters in a recurrent selection program for improved forage or seed yield.

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Forest structure altered by mountain pine beetle outbreaks affects subsequent attack in a Wyoming lodgepole pine forest, USA

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x11-142 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 2403-2412 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Daniel M. Kashian ◽

Rebecca M. Jackson ◽

Heather D. Lyons

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Mountain Pine Beetle ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Cone Production ◽

Mountain Pine ◽

Large Trees ◽

Pine Beetle ◽

The 1960S

Extensive outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) will alter the structure of many stands that will likely be attacked again before experiencing a stand-replacing fire. We examined a stand of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) in Grand Teton National Park currently experiencing a moderate-level outbreak and previously attacked by mountain pine beetle in the 1960s. Consistent with published studies, tree diameter was the main predictor of beetle attack on a given tree, large trees were preferentially attacked, and tree vigor, age, and cone production were unimportant variables for beetle attack at epidemic levels. Small trees killed in the stand were killed based mainly on their proximity to large trees and were likely spatially aggregated with large trees as a result of the previous outbreak. We concluded that the driving factors of beetle attack and their spatial patterns are consistent across outbreak severities but that stand structure altered by the previous outbreak had implications for the current outbreaks in the same location. This study should catalyze additional research that examines how beetle-altered stand structure affects future outbreaks — an important priority for predicting their impacts under climate change scenarios that project increases in outbreak frequency and extent.

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Incidence of main stem infections of lodgepole pine by western gall rust decreases with tree age

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-059 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1314-1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peter V Blenis ◽

Wuhan Li

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Tree Height ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Main Stem ◽

Tree Age ◽

Precommercial Thinning ◽

Two Factors ◽

Artificial Inoculations

Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of different ages in two height classes. Temperature and percentage of spore germination at the height of inoculation, shoot development (stem elongation at the time of inoculation as a proportion of final shoot elongation), main stem leader length at the time of inoculation, tree height, and tree age were measured. Modeled percentages of infected trees and the number of galls per 10 cm of shoot length decreased by 85% and 88%, respectively, as tree age increased between 2 and 10 years, indicating the undesirability of early, aggressive precommercial thinning of lodgepole pine stands in areas where western gall rust is common. By controlling and (or) statistically accounting for inoculum, microclimate, and phenological factors, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in susceptibility with tree age are sufficient to account for the reduction in infection with tree height.

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