Genetic analysis of wood quality traits in Norway spruce open-pollinated progenies and their parent plus trees at clonal archives and the evaluation of phenotypic selection of plus trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 810-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghua Zhou ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
Sven-Olof Lundqvist ◽  
Lars Olsson ◽  
Thomas Grahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Selection Of

A two-generation pedigree involving 519 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) plus trees (at clonal archives) and their open-pollinated (OP) progenies was studied with the aim to evaluate the potential of plus-tree selection based on phenotype data scored on the plus trees. Two wood properties (wood density and modulus of elasticity, MOE) and one fiber property (microfibril angle, MFA) were measured with a SilviScan instrument on samples from one ramet per plus tree and 12 OP progenies per plus tree (total of 6288 trees). Three ramets per plus tree and their OP progenies were also assessed for Pilodyn penetration depth and Hitman acoustic velocity, which were used to estimate MOE. The narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates based on parent–offspring regression were marginally higher than those based on half-sib correlation when three ramets per plus tree were included. For SilviScan data, estimates of the correlation between half-sib, progeny-based breeding values (BVs) and plus-tree phenotypes, as well as repeatability estimates, were highest for wood density, followed by MOE and MFA. Considering that the repeatability estimates from the clonal archive trees were higher than any h2 estimate, selection of the best clones from clonal archives would be an effective alternative.

Implications of selection history on genetic architecture of growth, form, and wood-quality traits in Pinus radiata

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2372-2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. D. Burdon ◽  
G. T. Stovold ◽  
L. D. Gea
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Selection History

Clonal trials of Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine), representing two populations (or breeds), one selected for growth and form (GF) and the other selected for high wood density as well as growth and form (HD), were replicated on two low-altitude New Zealand sites: Tarawera (pumice soil, 38°08′S) and Woodhill (coastal dune, 36°42′S). The GF material comprised 33 pair-crosses (19 parents) × 10 clones, and the HD material comprised 19 single-pair crosses (35 parents) × 10 clones, with six ramets per clone per site. Diameter (DBH), two tree-form variables, and needle retention (NRA) were assessed 8 years after planting, and wood density (DEN), acoustic velocity, and collapse were assessed 9 years after planting. The site differences were generally expressed more strongly in the GF population. Estimated genetic parameters were mostly similar for the two breeds, except that genotypic correlation between DBH and DEN was apparently zero in the HD population. Estimated broad-sense heritabilities (H2) were generally markedly higher than narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2), except with DEN. Estimated between-site type-B clonal genotypic correlations were generally high (>0.8) for wood properties. Overall, DBH showed adverse genetic correlations with wood properties. The Elite/Breed strategy appeared to be helpful in combating adverse genetic correlations.

scholarly journals Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Chaerani ◽  
DEDE J SUDRAJAT ◽  
ISKANDAR Z SIREGAR ◽  
ULFAH J SIREGAR
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration

Abstract. Chaerani N, Sudrajat DJ, Siregar IZ, Siregar UJ. 2019. Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2295-2301. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of growth and wood quality in white jabon progeny test at 54 months old in Parung Panjang, Bogor. The 105 half-sib families obtained from 12 provenances were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Wood quality was assessed both in a non-destructive way using a pilodyn and by destructive method using wood sample taker. Results indicated that the mean value ranged from 5.10 to 10.15 m for height, 6.67 to 15.30 cm for diameter, 2.30 to 3.62 cm for pilodyn penetration, 0.66 to 0.82 g/cm3 for wood density, 0.33 to 0.50 for specific gravity, and 66 to 111 % for moisture content, respectively. There were significant differences among 105 families for all traits except moisture content. The high heritability estimate was found for height (0.4-0.69) and basic density (0.27-0.59). Applying 80% selection intensity on diameter and leaving 84 best families in each block will produce a high total genetic gain. Pilodyn penetration had negative correlation with diameter, wood density, and specific gravity.

scholarly journals Relationship between Growth and Wood properties in Agathis sp. Planted in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Kazuko Makino ◽  
Imam Wahyudi ◽  
Jun Tanabe ◽  
Yuya Takashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The present study clarified the relationship between the growth and wood properties of 54-year-old Agathis sp. trees planted in Indonesia. Stem diameter, pilodyn penetration, and stress-wave velocity (SWV) were measured for all trees (35 trees) in a plot (30  30 m) located almost at the center of a stand. Based on the mean stem diameter, 10 standard trees in a plot were selected for measuring the basic density (BD) and compressive strength parallel to grain (CS). Core samples (5 mm in diameter) were collected from the 10 selected trees to determine BD and CS. The mean stem diameter, pilodyn penetration and SWV in the plot were 40.2  11.3 cm, 23.4  2.1 cm, and 3.85  0.43 km/s, respectively. No  significant correlation coefficeint (r = -0.327, no significance at 5% level) was obtained between stem diameter and SWV. The mean BD and CS in the 10 trees were 0.42  0.03 g/cm3  and 28.1  2.7 MPa, respectively. A significant positive  correlation was observed between BD and CS. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference between BD and CS values of the 10 trees, indicating that wood properties may differ among trees with the same standard growth in a stand. From these results, we concluded that wood quality improvement in this species could be achieved by selecting  trees with high density and strength in tree breeding programs.

Grade yields and wood properties of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from the Maritimes

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Y. H. Chui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Clear Wood ◽  
Comparative Information ◽  
Grade Yield

Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is one of the major non-native softwood species in the Maritimes. A project was undertaken to evaluate the grade yields and mechanical properties of Norway spruce. The project also provided comparative information on the wood quality of two Norway spruce provenances from Germany and Poland. Four plantations were selected for the study with two of these plantations containing trees of known provenances. One plantation was mature and the other three were juvenile. In total, 530 pieces of lumber and the same number of matched small clear specimens were tested for bending properties. Prior to testing, the lumber was visually graded according to both British and Canadian specifications. Quality of lumber varied significantly between sites. Lumber from the Polish provenance had slightly better mechanical properties than that from trees of the German provenance. Compared with published information, the plantation-grown Norway spruce had lower clear wood bending properties and specific gravity than primary eastern Canadian spruce species and balsam fir, and natural Norway spruce grown in Europe. Key words: Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], wood quality, bending properties, grade yield

Direct Effects of Wood Characteristics on Pulp and Handsheet Properties of Eucalyptus globulus

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wimmer ◽  
G.M. Downes ◽  
R. Evans ◽  
G. Rasmussen ◽  
J. French
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Handsheet Properties

Summary Fibre length, microfibril angle and wood density were measured in eight-year-old Eucalyptus globulus clones planted on three different sites. Samples were chipped and pulped, and the pulps beaten prior to preparation of 60g/m2 handsheets. Eleven physical handsheet properties, together with pulp freeness, were measured using standard methods. Direct relationships between wood properties and pulp/paper properties were studied using path analysis. Fibre length had a strong, direct effect on tear index, bending stiffness, freeness, pulp yield and active alkali consumption. Wood density was a strong predictor of most handsheet properties: high density woods produced bulkier, more porous sheets with higher bending stiffness, while lower density woods produced smoother, denser sheets with higher tensile strength.The effect of microfibril angle was small and more evident in handsheets made from beaten pulp.

scholarly journals Effect of number of annual rings and tree ages on genomic predictive ability for solid wood properties of Norway spruce 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghua Zhou(Former Corresponding Author) ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
Lars Olsson ◽  
Thomas Grahn ◽  
Bo Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Standing Tree ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: Genomic selection (GS) or genomic prediction is considered as a promising approach to accelerate tree breeding and increase genetic gain by shortening breeding cycle, but the efforts to develop routines for operational breeding are so far limited. We investigated the predictive ability (PA) of GS based on 484 progeny trees from 62 half-sib families in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) for wood density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and microfibril angle (MFA) measured with SilviScan, as well as for measurements on standing trees by Pilodyn and Hitman instruments. RESULTS: GS predictive abilities were comparable with those based on pedigree-based prediction. Marker-based PAs were generally 25-30% higher for traits density, MFA and MOE measured with SilviScan than for their respective standing tree-based method which measured with Pilodyn and Hitman. Prediction accuracy (PC) of the standing tree-based methods were similar or even higher than increment core-based method. 78-95% of the maximal PAs of density, MFA and MOE obtained from coring to the pith at high age were reached by using data possible to obtain by drilling 3-5 rings towards the pith at tree age 10-12. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates standing tree-based measurements is a cost-effective alternative method for GS. PA of GS methods were comparable with those pedigree-based prediction. The highest PAs were reached with at least 80-90% of the dataset used as training set. Density could be conducted at an earlier age than for MFA and MOE. Operational breeding can also be optimized by training the model at an earlier age or using 3 to 5 outermost rings at tree age 10 to 12 years, thereby shortening the cycle and reducing the impact on the tree.

scholarly journals Identification of Molecular Markers for Selected Wood Properties of Norway Spruce Picea abies L. (Karst.) I. Wood Density

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Markussen ◽  
A. Tusch ◽  
B. R. Stephan ◽  
M. Fladung
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Monomorphic Band ◽  
Subsequent Conversion ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe identification of AFLP markers and their subsequent conversion to SCAR-markers linked to wood density of Norway Spruce (Picea abies L [Karst.]) is described for the first time. In AFLP-analyses, 102 different primer enzyme combinations were screened in a bulked segregant approach comparing individuals with high and low wood density. A total of 107 polymorphic AFLP fragments were obtained between the DNA-pools. Twenty-three markers were selected for further analyses to verify their linkage to wood density based on individuals used for pool constitution and additional unrelated clonal material. For 15 markers, a significant linkage to wood density was confirmed by a two-sided Fisher’s-exact test. Four markers were converted into SCAR markers and validated for plant material assayed for wood density by X-ray microdensitometry. For each marker a monomorphic band was obtained using sets of nested primers or restriction site-specific primers (RSS), which include the AFLP-restriction recognition sites. For two markers that are linked to high wood density, a separation from unlinked size homologous marker-alleles was realized by a PCR-restriction approach. Validation of these markers in different full-sib families confirmed their usability to separate the classes for low and high wood density of Picea abies.

scholarly journals Genetic control of transition from juvenile to mature wood with respect to microfibril angle in Norway spruce (Picea abies) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1358-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleh Hayatgheibi ◽  
Nils Erik Gustaf Forsberg ◽  
Sven-Olof Lundqvist ◽  
Tommy Mörling ◽  
Ewa J. Mellerowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability

Genetic control of microfibril angle (MFA) transition from juvenile wood to mature wood was evaluated in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon). Increment cores were collected at breast height (1.3 m) from 5664 trees in two 21-year-old Norway spruce progeny trials in southern Sweden and from 823 trees in two lodgepole pine progeny trials, aged 34–35 years, in northern Sweden. Radial variations in MFA from pith to bark were measured for each core using SilviScan. To estimate MFA transition from juvenile wood to mature wood, a threshold level of MFA 20° was considered, and six different regression functions were fitted to the MFA profile of each tree after exclusion of outliers, following three steps. The narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2) obtained for MFA transition were highest based on the slope function, ranging from 0.21 to 0.23 for Norway spruce and from 0.34 to 0.53 for lodgepole pine, while h2 were mostly non-significant based on the logistic function, under all exclusion methods. Results of this study indicate that it is possible to select for an earlier MFA transition from juvenile wood to mature wood in Norway spruce and lodgepole pine selective breeding programs, as the genetic gains (ΔG) obtained in direct selection of this trait were very high in both species.

Temporal variation in δ13C, wood density and microfibril angle in variously irrigated Eucalyptus nitens

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Drew ◽  
E. Detlef Schulze ◽  
Geoffrey M. Downes
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Over Time

Wood can serve as a record of past climate, recording tree responses to changing conditions. It is also valuable in understanding tree responses to environment to optimise forest management. Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C), wood density and microfibril angle (MFA) are potentially useful wood property parameters for these purposes. The goal of this study was to understand how δ13C varied over time in response to cycles of soil drying and wetting and to variation in temperature in Eucalyptus nitens Deane & Maiden, in concert with wood density and MFA. δ13C increases did not necessarily occur when water stress was highest, but, rather, when it was relieved. Our hypothesis is that this was a result of the use of previously fixed carbohydrate reserves when growth and metabolic activity was resumed after a period of dormancy. MFA in particular showed concomitant temporal variation with δ13C. A peak in δ13C may not coincide temporally with an increase in water stress, but with a decrease, when higher growth rates enable the final incorporation of earlier stored photosynthate into mature wood. This has implications for using δ13C as a tool to understand past environmental conditions using radial measurements of wood properties. However, interpreting this data with other wood properties may be helpful for understanding past tree responses.

Influence of stocking on radial and longitudinal variation in modulus of elasticity, microfibril angle, and density in a 24-year-old Pinus radiata thinning trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1422-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Watt ◽  
Branislav Zoric ◽  
Mark O. Kimberley ◽  
Jonathan Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Longitudinal Variation ◽  
Maximum Difference

Detailed radial measurements of wood properties at four heights (0, 1.4, 5, and 20 m) were taken from 24-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don growing at four final crop stockings (200, 350, 500, and 1100 stems·ha–1). Using these measurements, the objectives of the study were to examine pith-to-bark trends at several heights to (i) determine how stocking influenced modulus of elasticity (MoE), wood density, and microfibril angle (MFA), (ii) quantify the relations among these properties and age at different stocking levels, and (iii) develop a graphical model for MoE across the stocking range. The influence of stocking on all wood properties was primarily expressed through a highly significant interaction between age and stocking. Wood properties in the highest stocking treatment diverged from those in the lowest stocking treatment at tree age 5 to reach a maximum difference of 92 kg·m–3 (488 vs. 580 kg·m–3) at tree age 18 for density, –5.7° (29.2° vs. 23.5°) at tree age 10 for MFA, and 5.1 GPa (12.1 vs. 17.2 GPa) at tree age 20 years for MoE. Graphical predictions from the model show greatest gains in MoE at high final crop stocking to occur over the lower part of the stem.

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