scholarly journals Grapevine virus L: a Novel Vitivirus in Grapevine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Debat ◽  
Diego Zavallo ◽  
Reid Soltero Brisbane ◽  
Darko Vončina ◽  
Rodrigo P.P. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Grapevine Virus ◽  
Rnaseq Data ◽  
Virus Sequence ◽  
Novel Virus

AbstractVitivirus are ssRNA(+) viruses in the family Betaflexiviridae (subfamily Trivirinae). There are currently ten ICTV recognized virus species in the genus; nevertheless, the extended use of NGS technologies is rapidly expanding their diversity and six more have been proposed recently. Here, we present the characterization of a novel virus from grapevines, which fits the genomic architecture and evolutionary constraints to be classifiable within the Vitivirus genus. The detected virus sequence is 7,607 nt long, including a typical genome organization of ORFs encoding a replicase (RP), a 22 kDa protein, a movement protein, a coat protein (CP) and a nucleic acid binding protein. Here, we present the characterization of a novel virus from grapevines. Phylogenetic analyses based on the predicted RP and CP protein unequivocally places the new virus within the Vitivirus genus. Multiple independent RNAseq data confirmed the presence of the detected virus in berries at diverse developmental stages. Additionally, we detected, confirmed, and assembled virus sequences from grapevine samples of distinct cultivars from America, Europe, Asia and Oceania, sharing 74.9%-97.9% nt identity, suggesting that the identified virus is widely distributed and diverse. We propose the name grapevine virus L (GVL) to the detected Vitivirus.

scholarly journals Complete genome analysis identifies Tvärminne avian virus as a candidate new species within the genus Orthoreovirus

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 898-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Dandár ◽  
Eili Huhtamo ◽  
Szilvia L. Farkas ◽  
Miklós Oldal ◽  
Ferenc Jakab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
Avian Virus ◽  
Semiconductor Sequencing ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Complete Genome Analysis ◽  
Strain Genome

Orthoreoviruses have been associated with a variety of diseases in domesticated poultry and wild-living birds. In 2002, a reovirus strain named Tvärminne avian virus (TVAV), was identified in Finland in a crow showing neurological disorders. The objective of this study was the molecular characterization of this novel reovirus strain. Genome sequencing was performed by combining semiconductor sequencing and traditional capillary sequencing. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that TVAV shares low nucleotide sequence identity with other reoviruses (range for each gene, 31–72 %) including strains belonging to the species Avian orthoreovirus. The most closely related reovirus strain was an isolate identified in Steller sea lion. Our data indicate that TVAV is a divergent reovirus of avian origin that may be the first representative of a distinct virus species within the genus Orthoreovirus.

scholarly journals A New Flavivirus and a New Vector: Characterization of a Novel Flavivirus Isolated from Uranotaenia Mosquitoes from a Tropical Rain Forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 4462-4468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Junglen ◽  
Anne Kopp ◽  
Andreas Kurth ◽  
Georg Pauli ◽  
Heinz Ellerbrok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cell Culture Supernatant ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Ns3 Protein ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Novel Virus

ABSTRACT A novel flavivirus was isolated from Uranotaenia mashonaensis, a mosquito genus not previously known to harbor flaviviruses. Mosquitoes were caught in the primary rain forest of the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. The novel virus, termed nounané virus (NOUV), seemed to grow only on C6/36 insect cells and not on vertebrate cells. Typical enveloped flavivirus-like particles of 60 to 65 nm in diameter were detected by electron microscopy in the cell culture supernatant of infected cells. The full genome was sequenced, and potential cleavage and glycosylation sites and cysteine residues were identified, suggesting that the processing of the NOUV polyprotein is similar to that of other flaviviruses. Phylogenetic analyses of the whole polyprotein and the NS3 protein showed that the virus forms a distinct cluster within the clade of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Only a distant relationship to other known flaviviruses was found, indicating that NOUV is a novel lineage within the Flaviviridae.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ti Ringspot-Associated Virus, a Novel Emaravirus Associated with an Emerging Ringspot Disease of Cordyline fruticosa

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2345-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde ◽  
Adam C. Park ◽  
Jari Sugano ◽  
Janice Y. Uchida ◽  
Michael Kawate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Eriophyid Mites ◽  
Cordyline Fruticosa ◽  
Novel Virus

Ti ringspot is an emerging foliar disease of the ti plant (Cordyline fruticosa) in Hawaii that is quickly spreading throughout the islands. Symptoms include small chlorotic ringspots on leaves that often coalesce to form larger lesions. Although several virus species have been discovered in symptomatic plants, none have been associated with these symptoms. Here, we report and characterize a novel virus closely associated with ti ringspot symptoms in Hawaii. The presence of double membrane bodies approximately 85 nm in diameter in symptomatic cells and sequence analyses of five genomic RNA segments obtained by high-throughput sequencing indicate that this virus is most closely related to members of the plant virus genus Emaravirus. Phylogenetic and sequence homology analyses place this virus on a distinct clade within the Emaravirus genus along with High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus, blue palo verde broom virus, and Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus. Sequence identity values with taxonomically relevant proteins indicate that this represents a new virus species, which we are tentatively naming ti ringspot-associated virus (TiRSaV). TiRSaV-specific reverse transcription PCR assays detected the virus in several experimental herbaceous host species following mechanical inoculation. TiRSaV was also detected in eriophyid mites collected from symptomatic ti plants, which may represent a putative arthropod vector of the virus.

scholarly journals Discovery and Characterization of Bukakata orbivirus (Reoviridae:Orbivirus), a Novel Virus from a Ugandan Bat

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Fagre ◽  
Justin Lee ◽  
Robert Kityo ◽  
Nicholas Bergren ◽  
Eric Mossel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Species ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Archived Samples ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance

While serological and virological evidence documents the exposure of bats to medically-important arboviruses, their role as reservoirs or amplifying hosts is less well-characterized. We describe a novel orbivirus (Reoviridae:Orbivirus) isolated from an Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii) trapped in 2013 in Uganda and named Bukakata orbivirus. This is the fifth orbivirus isolated from a bat, however genetic information had previously only been available for one bat-associated orbivirus. We performed whole-genome sequencing on Bukakata orbivirus and three other bat-associated orbiviruses (Fomede, Ife, and Japanaut) to assess their phylogenetic relationship within the genus Orbivirus and develop hypotheses regarding potential arthropod vectors. Replication kinetics were assessed for Bukakata orbivirus in three different vertebrate cell lines. Lastly, qRT-PCR and nested PCR were used to determine the prevalence of Bukakata orbivirus RNA in archived samples from three populations of Egyptian fruit bats and one population of cave-associated soft ticks in Uganda. Complete coding sequences were obtained for all ten segments of Fomede, Ife, and Japanaut orbiviruses and for nine of the ten segments for Bukakata orbivirus. Phylogenetic analysis placed Bukakata and Fomede in the tick-borne orbivirus clade and Ife and Japanaut within the Culicoides/phlebotomine sandfly orbivirus clade. Further, Bukakata and Fomede appear to be serotypes of the Chobar Gorge virus species. Bukakata orbivirus replicated to high titers (106–107 PFU/mL) in Vero, BHK-21 [C-13], and R06E (Egyptian fruit bat) cells. Preliminary screening of archived bat and tick samples do not support Bukakata orbivirus presence in these collections, however additional testing is warranted given the phylogenetic associations observed. This study provided complete coding sequence for several bat-associated orbiviruses and in vitro characterization of a bat-associated orbivirus. Our results indicate that bats may play an important role in the epidemiology of viruses in the genus Orbivirus and further investigation is warranted into vector-host associations and ongoing surveillance efforts.

scholarly journals Molecular and Serological Characterization of Cucumber mottle virus, a New Cucurbit-Infecting Tobamo-like Virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1574-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiraku Orita ◽  
Jun-ichi Sakai ◽  
Kenji Kubota ◽  
Mitsuru Okuda ◽  
Yuko Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Serological Characterization ◽  
Cucumber Fruit

A new tobamo-like virus was isolated from a greenhouse-grown cucumber that showed severe mosaic distortion on leaves and fruit, in the southern part of Japan. The virus was tentatively designated Cucumber mottle virus (CuMoV) and further characterized. The size and antigenicity of the coat protein (CP) and the complete sequence of the genome were compared with those of the known cucurbit-infecting tobamoviruses: the W and SH strains of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), the C and Y strains of Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), Cucumber fruit mottle mosaic virus (CFMMV), and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV). The CP of CuMoV migrated more slowly than those of CGMMV-W and -SH and KGMMV-C and -Y in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In Western blot analysis, the CP of CuMoV cross-reacted weakly with antisera against CGMMV-W and did not react with antisera against KGMMV-Y. The overall nucleotide sequence of CuMoV had 62.5 to 63.5% identity with those of CGMMV-W, -SH, KGMMV-Y, CFMMV, and ZGMMV. The genome organization was characteristic of tobamoviruses, encoding a 131-kb protein, a 188-kb protein, a movement protein (MP), and CP in 5′ to 3′ order. In the phylogenetic analyses of the CP, CuMoV was placed in a separate lineage from CGMMV-W, -SH, KGMMV-C, -Y, CFMMV, and ZGMMV. The results indicate that CuMoV is a distinct tobamovirus species which represents a third sub-subgroup in the cucurbit-infecting tobamoviruses.

scholarly journals Genomic characterization of grapevine virus J, a novel virus identified in grapevine

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 (7) ◽  
pp. 1965-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Diaz-Lara ◽  
Deborah Golino ◽  
Maher Al Rwahnih
Keyword(s):  
Grapevine Virus ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Novel Virus

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of a novel duck-origin picornavirus with six 2A proteins

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Fumin Wang ◽  
Kang Ning ◽  
Yanbo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Internal Ribosome Entry ◽  
Founding Member ◽  
Duck Hepatitis ◽  
Novel Virus

A novel virus was detected from diseased ducks and completely determined. The virus was shown to have a picornavirus-like genome layout. Interestingly, the genome contained a total of up to six 2As, including four 2As (2A1–2A4) each having an NPGP motif, an AIG1-like 2A5, and a parechovirus-like 2A6. The 5′UTR was predicted to possess a hepacivirus/pestivirus-like internal ribosome entry site (IRES). However, the subdomain IIIe consisted of a 3 nt stem and five unpaired bases, distinct from those found in all other HP-like IRESs. The virus was most closely related to duck hepatitis A virus, with amino acid identities of 37.7 %, 39 % and 43.7 % in the P1, P2 and P3 regions, respectively. Based on these investigations, together with phylogenetic analyses, the virus could be considered as the founding member of a novel picornavirus genus that we tentatively named ‘Aalivirus’, with ‘Aalivirus A’ as the type species.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic Potential of Simplicillium lanosoniveum Native Strain in Suppressing Invasive Whitefly, Aleurodicusrugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Infesting Coconut

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Maruthakasi Sujithra ◽  
Hanumanthappa Veerappa Prathibha ◽  
Manikappa Rajkumar ◽  
Govindharaj Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi ◽  
Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
First Record ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Native Strain ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Invasive Whitefly ◽  
First Time ◽  
Identification And Characterization

In 2016, infestation of an exotic polyphagous pest, the rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), was documented on coconut for the first time in India. Instantaneously, RSW has garnered wide attention owing to its damage severity and rapid spread across the coconut-growing regions of the country. Hence, an attempt was made to devise a sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) module using biological control agents as a mainstay component. The present study documented the identification and characterization of a potential entomopathogenic fungal isolate for the management of RSW. An entomopathogenic fungus isolated from nymphal cadavers of RSW was identified as Simplicillium lanosoniveum based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. A gradient of five conidial concentrations (1 × 104, 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 conidia/mL) of the S.lanosoniveum were tested against eggs, first instars, second to third instars and pupae of RSW. Results revealed that S.lanosoniveum is highly virulent to all developmental stages of RSW by causing mortality rates of 95.20%, 87.33%, 85.38% and 72.85%, in eggs, initial, middle and later instar nymphs of RSW, respectively, at the highest tested concentration (1 × 108 conidia/mL) at seven days after exposure. The LC50 and LT50 values of S.lanosoniveum were 4.72 × 104, 4.94 × 104, 5.11 × 105, 5.92 × 105 conidia/mL and 4.27, 4.86, 4.56, 5.89 days against eggs, initial, middle and later instar nymphs of RSW, respectively. Further, preliminary field trials with S.lanosoniveum strain at 1 × 108 conidia/mL exhibited a significant reduction in the egg and nymphal population by 57.8% and 56.3%, respectively. This report thus demonstrated that the newly isolated S.lanosoniveum is an effective pathogen at suppressing all the developmental stages of RSW. This is the first record of S.lanosoniveum infecting RSW, and it has a great potential to be developed as a mycoinsecticide.

scholarly journals A Novel Squirrel Respirovirus with Putative Zoonotic Potential

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Forth ◽  
Andrea Konrath ◽  
Kristin Klose ◽  
Kore Schlottau ◽  
Kathrin Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Globalized World

In a globalized world, the threat of emerging pathogens plays an increasing role, especially if their zoonotic potential is unknown. In this study, a novel respirovirus, family Paramyxoviridae, was isolated from a Sri Lankan Giant squirrel (Ratufa macroura), which originated in Sri Lanka and deceased with severe pneumonia in a German zoo. The full-genome characterization of this novel virus, tentatively named Giant squirrel respirovirus (GSqRV), revealed similarities to murine (71%), as well as human respiroviruses (68%) with unique features, for example, a different genome length and a putative additional accessory protein. Congruently, phylogenetic analyses showed a solitary position of GSqRV between known murine and human respiroviruses, implicating a putative zoonotic potential. A tailored real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for specific detection of GSqRV confirmed a very high viral load in the lung, and, to a lesser extent, in the brain of the deceased animal. A pilot study on indigenous and exotic squirrels did not reveal additional cases in Germany. Therefore, further research is essential to assess the geographic distribution, host range, and zoonotic potential of this novel viral pathogen.

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