Remote manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles using magnetic field gradient to promote cancer cell death

AbstractThe manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using an external magnetic field, has been demonstrated to be useful in various biomedical applications. Some techniques have evolved utilizing this non-invasive external stimulus but the scientific community widely adopts few, and there is an excellent potential for more novel methods. The primary focus of this study is on understanding the manipulation of MNPs by a time-varying static magnetic field and how this can be used, at different frequencies and displacement, to manipulate cellular function. Here we explore, using numerical modeling, the physical mechanism which underlies this kind of manipulation, and we discuss potential improvements which would enhance such manipulation with its use in biomedical applications, i.e., increasing the MNP response by improving the field parameters. From our observations and other related studies, we infer that such manipulation depends mostly on the magnetic field gradient, the magnetic susceptibility and size of the MNPs, the magnet array oscillating frequency, the viscosity of the medium surrounding MNPs, and the distance between the magnetic field source and the MNPs. Additionally, we demonstrate cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells in vitro. This was induced by incubation with MNPs, followed by exposure to a magnetic field gradient, physically oscillating at various frequencies and displacement amplitudes. Even though this technique reliably produces MNP endocytosis and/or cytotoxicity, a better biophysical understanding is required to develop the mechanism used for this precision manipulation of MNPs, in vitro.

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Remote manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles using magnetic field gradient to promote cancer cell death

Applied Physics A ◽

10.1007/s00339-019-2510-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 125 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mahendran Subramanian ◽

Arkadiusz Miaskowski ◽

Stuart Iain Jenkins ◽

Jenson Lim ◽

Jon Dobson

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Cell Death ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Field Gradient ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Magnetic Field Gradient ◽

Remote Manipulation ◽

Cancer Cell Death

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Magnetic hybrid materials interact with biological matrices

Physical Sciences Reviews ◽

10.1515/psr-2019-0114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Christine Gräfe ◽

Elena K. Müller ◽

Lennart Gresing ◽

Andreas Weidner ◽

Patricia Radon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Field Gradient ◽

Hybrid Materials ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Magnetic Field Gradient ◽

Apical Cell ◽

Cell Type ◽

Cell Layers ◽

Barrier Model

Abstract Magnetic hybrid materials are a promising group of substances. Their interaction with matrices is challenging with regard to the underlying physical and chemical mechanisms. But thinking matrices as biological membranes or even structured cell layers they become interesting with regard to potential biomedical applications. Therefore, we established in vitro blood-organ barrier models to study the interaction and processing of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with these cellular structures in the presence of a magnetic field gradient. A one-cell-type–based blood-brain barrier model was used to investigate the attachment and uptake mechanisms of differentially charged magnetic hybrid materials. Inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis and F-actin depolymerization led to a dramatic reduction of cellular uptake. Furthermore, the subsequent transportation of SPIONs through the barrier and the ability to detect these particles was of interest. Negatively charged SPIONs could be detected behind the barrier as well as in a reporter cell line. These observations could be confirmed with a two-cell-type–based blood-placenta barrier model. While positively charged SPIONs heavily interact with the apical cell layer, neutrally charged SPIONs showed a retarded interaction behavior. Behind the blood-placenta barrier, negatively charged SPIONs could be clearly detected. Finally, the transfer of the in vitro blood-placenta model in a microfluidic biochip allows the integration of shear stress into the system. Even without particle accumulation in a magnetic field gradient, the negatively charged SPIONs were detectable behind the barrier. In conclusion, in vitro blood-organ barrier models allow the broad investigation of magnetic hybrid materials with regard to biocompatibility, cell interaction, and transfer through cell layers on their way to biomedical application.

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In Vitro Evaluation of Capturing and Dissolving the Clot by Magnetic Nanoparticles Carrying a Thrombolytic Agents Instead of Temporary Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Filter

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jbn.2020.29941623 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 1623-1632

Author(s):

Abbas Moghanizadeh ◽

Fakhreddin Ashrafizadeh ◽

Jaleh Varshousaz ◽

Mahshid Kharaziha

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Simple Method ◽

Thrombolytic Agents ◽

Blood Clots ◽

Life Threatening ◽

The Magnetic Field ◽

Different Levels

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of a novel in vitro technique in clot capturing and dissolving them by applying magnetic force on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) carrying thrombolytic agents. It is a quick and simple method to protect patients from a life-threatening pulmonary embolism in an emergency to provide time for the medical team. To analyze the in vitro efficiency of nano-magnetic capturing and dissolving of clots (NCDC), different levels of process parameter including strength magnetic field (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 T) and fluid flow rate (2.5, 5 and 7 l/min) are exposed to different blood clots sizes from 5 × 10 to 20 × 10 mm2 (length × diameter), in an in vitro flow model. The results show that by increasing the parameters to their maximum values, it is possible to immobilize 100% of the clots and dissolve around 61.4% of clots weight. In addition, the clot-dissolving is directly proportional to the magnetic field strength. NCDC is an efficient technique in immobilizing and dissolving the clots and its efficiency depends on process parameters especially the magnetic field.

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Precisely mapping the magnetic field gradient in vacuum with an atom interferometer

Physical Review A ◽

10.1103/physreva.82.061602 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 82 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Min-Kang Zhou ◽

Zhong-Kun Hu ◽

Xiao-Chun Duan ◽

Bu-Liang Sun ◽

Jin-Bo Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Field Gradient ◽

Magnetic Field Gradient ◽

Atom Interferometer ◽

The Magnetic Field

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On Geometrical Invariants of the Magnetic Field Gradient Tensor in Turbulent Space Plasmas: Scale Variability in the Inertial Range

The Astrophysical Journal ◽

10.3847/1538-4357/ab1e47 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 878 (2) ◽

pp. 124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Virgilio Quattrociocchi ◽

Giuseppe Consolini ◽

Maria Federica Marcucci ◽

Massimo Materassi

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Field Gradient ◽

Magnetic Field Gradient ◽

Inertial Range ◽

Space Plasmas ◽

Gradient Tensor ◽

The Magnetic Field

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Effects of the magnetic field gradient on the wall power deposition of Hall thrusters

Journal of Plasma Physics ◽

10.1017/s0022377817000241 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yongjie Ding ◽

Peng Li ◽

Xu Zhang ◽

Liqiu Wei ◽

Hezhi Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Field Gradient ◽

Discharge Channel ◽

Magnetic Field Gradient ◽

Zero Magnetic Field ◽

Power Deposition ◽

Neutral Gas ◽

Channel Exit ◽

Ionization Region ◽

The Magnetic Field

The effect of the magnetic field gradient in the discharge channel of a Hall thruster on the ionization of the neutral gas and power deposition on the wall is studied through adopting the 2D-3V particle-in-cell (PIC) and Monte Carlo collisions (MCC) model. The research shows that by gradually increasing the magnetic field gradient while keeping the maximum magnetic intensity at the channel exit and the anode position unchanged, the ionization region moves towards the channel exit and then a second ionization region appears near the anode region. Meanwhile, power deposition on the walls decreases initially and then increases. To avoid power deposition on the walls produced by electrons and ions which are ionized in the second ionization region, the anode position is moved towards the channel exit as the magnetic field gradient is increased; when the anode position remains at the zero magnetic field position, power deposition on the walls decreases, which can effectively reduce the temperature and thermal load of the discharge channel.

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MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING OF GRADIENT MAGNETIC FIELDS FOR BIO-CHEMICAL SEPARATION PROCESSES

International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies ◽

10.29121/ijoest.v5.i2.2021.174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 69-80

Author(s):

Hatice Bilgili ◽

Teymuraz Abbasov ◽

Yusuf Baran

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Fields ◽

Field Gradient ◽

Permanent Magnets ◽

Magnetic Field Gradient ◽

Chemical Separation ◽

Submicron Particles ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Measuring Device ◽

The Magnetic Field

Separation processes are widely used in chemical and biotechnical processes. Especially biomagnetic separation is an important issue among effective separation processes to separate the magnetic micron and submicron particles. It is necessary to establish and determine a high magnetic field or field gradient in the separation cell. However, it is not easy to determine the magnetic field gradient in the working region for different separation in practice. The reason for these difficulties is that the magnetic cells used in biochemical separation have different geometries and there are no simple and useful systems to easily measure these magnetic fields. Two main objectives are aimed in this study. First, a simple measuring device design can measure gradient magnetic fields with high precision of about 0,01mm and, secondly, obtain simple empirical expressions for the magnetic field. A magnetometer with Hall probes that works with the 3D printer principle was designed and tested to measure the magnetic field. Magnetic field changes were measured according to the surface coordinates on the measurement platform or measuring cell. Numerous experimental measurements of gradient magnetic fields generated by permanent magnets have been taken. The results obtained from the studies and results from the proposed empirical models were compared.

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Analytical and Experimental Study of Magnetomechanical Properties of Magnetic Porous PDMS Sponge Under Non-Uniform Magnetic Fields

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.4047178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Shademani ◽

Mu Chiao

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Magnetic Fields ◽

Field Gradient ◽

Magnetic Field Gradient ◽

Experimental Methods ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Magnetomechanical Coupling ◽

The Magnetic Field

Abstract Magnetic elastomers (MEs) respond to an applied magnetic field through magnetomechanical coupling, where the mechanical properties of the MEs change with magnetic field strength. These phenomena have been mostly studied under homogenous magnetic fields due to the simplicity. In this work, the effects of the magnetic field gradient on the mechanical properties and the response of the MEs was examined. MEs are made by embedding carbonyl iron microparticles (CI) into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, which is later rendered porous. The influence of the CI concentration was investigated by manipulating four different samples with CI/PDMS weight ratios of 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, and 1.4. An analytical method was proposed to further understand the interactions of the magnetic field gradient and the material’s response. The proposed theory was later verified with experimental results from compression tests in the presence of different magnetic fields. The proposed theoretical framework and experimental methods can be used to improve the design of MEs in the future.

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