scholarly journals Comparison of environmental, biological and anthropogenic causes of wildlife–vehicle collisions among three large herbivore species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saint-Andrieux Christine ◽  
Calenge Clément ◽  
Bonenfant Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Large Herbivore ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Explanatory Factors

AbstractWildlife–vehicle collisions are of increasing concern with regards to the continuous and accelerating anthropogenic development. Preventing and mitigating collisions with wildlife will require a better understanding of the environmental and biological drivers of collision risks. Because species of large mammals differ in terms of food requirements, habitat selection and movement behaviours we tested at the management unit level if the density of collisions with red deer, roe deer and wild boar differed in terms of spatial distribution and explanatory factors. From 20,275 documented collisions in France between years 1990 and 2006, we found marked differences in the most influential environmental factors accounting for the density of collisions among the three species. The effect of road density was higher for the red deer than for the two other species and did not level off at our spatial-scale of observation. As expected, the annual hunting harvest – interpreted as a proxy of population abundance – was positively associated with the density of collisions for all species, being the strongest for red deer. While the collision density decreased with the proportion of forest in a management unit for wild boar, it increased with the fragmentation of forests for red deer that commute among forest patches between day and night. To reduce the number of wildlife– vehicle collisions, our results suggest to generalise road fencing and/or a control of abundance of large herbivore populations. Mitigation measures should target units where the collision risk is the highest for the most problematic species.

scholarly journals Habitat Suitability Based Models for Ungulate Roadkill Prognosis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Linas Balčiauskas ◽  
Jack Wierzchowski ◽  
Andrius Kučas ◽  
Laima Balčiauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Collision Mitigation ◽  
Linkage Models

Roads do not only have a detrimental effect on nature (fragmenting habitats, isolating populations and threatening biodiversity), but the increasing numbers of wildlife-vehicle collisions are also a direct threat to humans and property. Therefore, mitigation measures should be placed with respect to animal distribution and movements across the roads. We simulated red deer, roe deer and wild boar movements in Lithuania, focusing on the two main highways A1 and A2. Using regional habitat suitability and linkage models, we calculated movement pathways and the most probable crossing zones in 2009. The prognostic value of these models was tested by comparing the pathway predictions to the real roadkill and roadkill cluster locations in 2002–2009 and 2010–2017. Across both periods and on both highways, the roe deer roadkill locations were significantly closer to the model-predicted pathways than to randomly selected points. The prediction of roadkill locations was also good for wild boar. The roe deer roadkill clusters and multi-species clusters were significantly better represented by the model than by random distribution. On both highways, the biggest differences in distance from the predicted locations were near big cities. We recommended wildlife movement models as an additional tool for planning wildlife-vehicle collision mitigation measures and we advise measures for increasing their predicting power.

Road and traffic factors correlated to wildlife–vehicle collisions in Galicia (Spain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Valero ◽  
Juan Picos ◽  
Laura Lagos ◽  
Xana Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road

Context Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVC) are one of the major risk factors for the safety of drivers, as well as a great danger to wildlife that moves through the territory. In recent decades, given the growth of these accidents, some researches emerged to understand what are the main causes of this phenomenon and find the best solutions for implementation and try to solve this problem. Aims The aim of the present study was to analyse the road and traffic characteristics of road segments with a high occurrence of WVC in north-western Spain, specifically, the collisions with wild ungulates (roe deer and wild boar). Methods A nearest-neighbour analysis was used to analyse the spatial distribution of the WVC spots, and so as to identify these hotspots of accidents, we performed a hotspot analysis using the routine nearest-neighbour hierarchical cluster. Then, we calculated the WVC density of each road segment (KP). The existence of differences in the values of variables between high and low accident densities was analysed using a Mann–Whitney U-test for the continuous variables, and a χ2-test for the categorical ones. Then, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify which variables could predict the existence of KPs with a high density of WVC. Key results Our results showed that the daily traffic volume, the width of the road, the number of lanes and speed limit affect whether a particular road marker has a high or low density of WVC. Conclusions We conclude that high WVC is frequently characterised by wider lanes and shoulders, as well as gentler slopes, whereas in the sections with narrower roads and a shorter curvature radius, there are some conditions (low visibility and speed reduction) that reduce the probability of having an accident with ungulates. However, the speed at which it is possible to drive on a given road section is closely related to the occurrence of WVC. Implications These findings emphasise the importance of including mitigation measures in the decision-making when planning and designing infrastructure.

scholarly journals Iodine and Selenium Contents in Skeletal Muscles of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Kursa ◽  
Ivan Herzig ◽  
Jan Trávníček ◽  
Josef Illek ◽  
Vlasta Kroupová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Game Animals

The objective of this study was to examine iodine and selenium contents in skeletal muscles of selected species of game animals living in regions with low iodine and selenium contents in the soil and water. Iodine content was determined in 66 samples of skeletal muscles of red deer cut out of the musculus gracilis, 32 samples and 27 samples from the same muscle of roe deer and wild boar, respectively. The shot game animals came from hunting grounds in western and southern regions of the Czech Republic and in Protected Landscape Area Šumava. In red deer muscles the average iodine content was 44.9 ± 15.2 μg I·kg-1 wet weight with the range of 6.9 to 82.0 μg I·kg-1. The lower concentration in roe deer meat with the average 39.3 ± 14.1 μg I·kg-1 and the range from 18.3 to 84.4 μg I·kg-1 may be due to differences between biotopes and food. The average iodine concentration in the musculus gracilis of wild boars was 55.9± 27.0 μg·kg-1 wet weight. Selenium content was determined in 22 samples of red deer, 51 samples of roe deer and 27 samples of wild boar skeletal muscles. The average values of selenium content in the meat of red deer, roe deer and wild boars were 16.2 ± 8.4, 36.9 ± 16.6 and 27.6 ± 19.8 μg Se·kg-1 wet weight, respectively. All three species of game animals are characterised by low content and high variability of selenium concentration in meat with the minimum value 3.9 µg and maximum value 83.3 μg·kg-1 wet weight. The study brings new data on iodine and selenium content in the muscle of game animals in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Roadkill in a time of pandemic: the analysis of wildlife-vehicle collisions reveals the differential impact of COVID-19 lockdown over mammal assemblages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boštjan Pokorny ◽  
Jacopo Cerri ◽  
Elena Bužan
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Related Mortality

Collisions with vehicles are a major anthropogenic cause of mortality for wildlife, with conservation and evolutionary implications. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries worldwide enforced lockdowns which importantly reduced traffic, and therefore had unprecedented consequences for global wildlife populations. We modeled how the two lockdown periods in spring and autumn 2020 influenced wildlife-vehicle collisions in Slovenia (central Europe), by comparing long-term (for the period 2010–2020) and high-quality time series data on road mortality of seven mammalian species: European roe deer (n = 53,259),red fox (n = 9,889), European badger (n = 5,170), brown hare (n = 5,050), stone marten (n = 4,267), wild boar (n = 1,188), and red deer (n = 1,088). We decomposed 2010–2019 data through autoregressive Bayesian Generalized Additive Models, and then we compared 2020 data to forecasts, aiming to estimate anomalies in number of collisions during both lockdown periods. During the spring lockdown (16 March – 30 April 2020), we observed far less collisions than in the 2010–2019 average as well as in 2020 forecasts, for roe deer and badger. In the autumnal lockdown (20 October – 31 December 2020), we observed significantly less collisions for roe deer and wild boar. Traffic reduction in both lockdown periods had a major impact on roe deer, which in autumn and spring 2020 experienced 270–330 less road-related mortality cases than expected. COVID-19 lockdown reduced traffic-related mortality for the majority of studied species. In some species, this decrease reached a magnitude of biological significance, which can have long-term repercussions on both evolution and management. Obviously, large-scale sanitary policies, imposing a reduction to human mobility, can have large-scale impacts on wildlife. As pandemics may increase in the next decades, we encourage further research exploring the consequences of their enforcement over global change and wildlife conservation and evolution.

scholarly journals Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Game Animals from Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Niewiadowska ◽  
Tomasz Kiljanek ◽  
Stanisław Semeniuk ◽  
Jan Żmudzki
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Game Animals

Abstract The occurrence and concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in 141 adipose tissue samples of wild boars, roe deer, and red deer from different regions of the country, collected in 2010/2011. The determinations of HCH isomers (α-, β-, and γ-HCH), HCB, DDTs (p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, and p,p’-DDD), and PCBs (six indicator PCB congeners 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180) were carried out using the capillary gas chromatography. The mean concentrations of DDTs expressed on the fat basis ranged from 0.241 mg/kg (wild boar) to 0.032 mg/kg (red deer), and for PCBs from 0.015 mg/kg (wild boar) to 0.010 mg/kg (roe deer). The mean contribution of p,p’-DDE to DDTs and PCB 153, PCB 138, and PCB 180 to PCBs exceeded 80% and 90% respectively, in all game animal samples studied. Higher contents of chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected in game animals originating from industrial regions.

scholarly journals Differences in ungulate population use in different hunting grounds in Lithuania

10.46490/514 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Barkauskas
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Permissible Level ◽  
Trophy Hunting ◽  
Field Works ◽  
Commercial Hunting

Abundant ungulate populations are considered ecosystem drivers that affect forestry and agriculture. Their management is ecologically and economically based on game density regulations, considering the balance between density and carrying capacity of the territory, population status and dynamics, and hunting needs. Although the population status and dynamics are not a new question, it is still unclear how to manage populations properly depending on the hunting intensity. We aimed to analyse and compare the ungulate population status like moose, red deer, roe deer and wild boar in the Punia pine forest, where the commercial hunting is conducted, and in the hunting grounds managed by hunter clubs in Prienai forest. We performed the study during four hunting seasons 2009 - 2013. The data on harvesting and abundance were obtained from the field works and using the official statistics of the Ministry of Environment. The moose local populations are not abundant, or animals occur occasionally, and their density does not reach the minimum permissible level. The control of moose is non-purposeful and insufficient on both of study territories. The red deer population is rather stable on areas of hunting clubs while hardly reaches the minimum density level. On the commercial hunting area, the population density 2-3 times exceeds the permissible density level. Red deer population should be used more intensively. Wild boar is used intensively on the areas of hunter clubs, and animal density is close to the permissible level. Unfortunately, on the areas of commercial hunting, wild boar is used passively that is why their density exceeds permissible level even four times. The main harvested species are red deer and wild boar in both hunting grounds. Their numerous populations stay close to permissible density level. However, gamekeepers keep the larger animal numbers on the areas of commercial hunting. As the main aim is the trophy hunting, the stags and boars are most used when compared to females and young. Therefore, on the areas of commercial hunting, use of wild boar and red deer is unreasonable and their density exceeds permissible level several times. Keywords: commercial hunting, hunting clubs, population, status, ungulate

scholarly journals Temporal Patterns of Vehicle Collisions with Roe Deer and Wild Boar in the Dinaric Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joso Vrkljan ◽  
Dubravka Hozjan ◽  
Danijela Barić ◽  
Damir Ugarković ◽  
Krešimir Krapinec
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Lunar Phase ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Vehicle Collisions

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) based on the animal species, and to deepen the knowledge of temporal patterns of vehicle collisions with roe deer and wild boar. The study analyses the data from police reports on vehicle collisions with animals on state roads, by date and time, section of road, and animal species over a 5-year period (2012–2016). These data were analysed to determine the temporal dynamics of vehicle collisions with roe deer and wild boar by month, time of day, and moon phase. On the state roads in the Dinaric area, roe deer are most commonly involved in vehicle collisions (70.1% of all collisions), followed by wild boar (11.0%). Other large species involved in collisions were fallow deer (4.8%), brown bear (1.8%), red deer (0.9%), grey wolf (0.7%), and European mouflon (0.5%), respectively. Most collisions with roe deer occurred in the period April–August, with reduced frequency during autumn and winter. For wild boar, there was no association between month and frequency of collisions. At the annual level, collisions with roe deer were significantly higher during night (37%) and twilight (41%) than during the day (22%). For wild boar, most collisions occurred during twilight (26%) and night (72%), although the difference between these two periods was not statistically significant. For roe deer, collisions had no association with lunar phase, though wild boar collisions during twilight (dawn or dusk) were more common during twilight periods on days with less moonlight. Since vehicle collisions with wildlife showed certain temporal patterns, these should be taken into consideration in developing statistical models of spatial WVC patterns, and also in planning strategies and countermeasures to mitigate WVC issues.

scholarly journals Vertebrate fauna of Vinca - Belo Brdo: Excavation campaigns 1998-2003

Starinar ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 245-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Vertebrate Fauna

Vertebrate remains from the Late Vinca layers of the site Belo Brdo in the present day village of Vinca are studied. These include the bones of mammals birds, tortoises, fish, in addition to mollusc shells. The most important are remains of mammals, among which domestic animals slightly outnumber game. Five species of domestic animal are present: dog, and four economically important species - cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. Cattle bones preponderate within domestic animals, but pig remains are also numerous. Red deer, wild boar and roe deer are the most frequently hunted prey. Birds were rarely hunted, but fishing was a regular activity. Occasionally, tortoises and river clams were collected as an additional food supply.

Spatiotemporal analysis of vehicle collisions involving wild boar and roe deer in NW Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Rodríguez-Morales ◽  
Emilio Rafael Díaz-Varela ◽  
Manuel Francisco Marey-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Vehicle Collisions

scholarly journals Population Trends of the Most Common Large Game in the Hunting Area in Eastern Croatia in 2008 – 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirna Gavran ◽  
Vesna Gantner
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Hunting Ground

Red deer, roe deer, and wild boar belong to a group of large game and are the most common species of game in the hunting area in Eastern Croatia. The research was conducted by the company hunting staff in the Osijek-Baranja County, area of Kućanci in the interval from 2008 to 2018. Knowing the number of wildlife in the hunting area is the base for establishing growth and planning shootings. It is important to keep the balance in the hunting ground to avoid transmission and spreading of diseases and reduce traffic accidents as well as vehicle and wildlife damages. Given the fact that populations of large game have great importance in Croatia, the main objective of the study was to determine population trends of red deer, roe deer, and wild boar in the hunting ground in Eastern Croatia in 2008 – 2018.

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