Locomotion-dependent remapping of distributed cortical networks

AbstractThe interactions between areas of the neocortex are fluid and state-dependent, but how individual neurons couple to cortex-wide network dynamics remains poorly understood. We correlated the spiking of individual neurons in primary visual (V1) and retrosplenial (RSP) cortex to activity across dorsal cortex, recorded simultaneously by calcium imaging. Individual neurons were correlated with distinct and reproducible patterns of activity across the cortical surface; while some fired predominantly with their local area, others coupled to activity in subsets of distal areas. The extent of distal coupling was predicted by how strongly neurons correlated with the local network. Changes in brain state triggered by locomotion re-structured how neurons couple to cortical activity patterns: running strengthened affiliations of V1 neurons with visual areas, while strengthening distal affiliations of RSP neurons with sensory cortices. Thus, individual neurons within a cortical area can independently engage in different cortical networks depending on the animal's behavioral state.

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Spontaneous phase-coupling within cortico-cortical networks: How time counts for brain-state-dependent stimulation

Brain Stimulation ◽

10.1016/j.brs.2021.02.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 404-406

Author(s):

Maria Ermolova ◽

Johanna Metsomaa ◽

Christoph Zrenner ◽

Gábor Kozák ◽

Laura Marzetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain State ◽

Phase Coupling ◽

Cortical Networks ◽

State Dependent ◽

Spontaneous Phase

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Decoding the brain state-dependent relationship between pupil dynamics and resting state fMRI signal fluctuation

10.1101/2021.02.24.432768 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Filip Sobczak ◽

Patricia Pais-Roldán ◽

Kengo Takahashi ◽

Xin Yu

Keyword(s):

Resting State ◽

Pupil Diameter ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Brain State ◽

Behavioral Experiments ◽

Diverse Range ◽

State Dependent ◽

Tightly Coupled ◽

The Brain

AbstractPupil dynamics serve as a physiological indicator of cognitive processes and arousal states of the brain across a diverse range of behavioral experiments. Pupil diameter changes reflect brain state fluctuations driven by neuromodulatory systems. Resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has been used to identify global patterns of neuronal correlation with pupil diameter changes, however, the linkage between distinct brain state-dependent activation patterns of neuromodulatory nuclei with pupil dynamics remains to be explored. Here, we identified four clusters of trials with unique activity patterns related to pupil diameter changes in anesthetized rat brains. Going beyond the typical rs-fMRI correlation analysis with pupil dynamics, we decomposed spatiotemporal patterns of rs-fMRI with principal components analysis (PCA) and characterized the cluster-specific pupil-fMRI relationships by optimizing the PCA component weighting via decoding methods. This work shows that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled with different neuromodulatory centers in different trials, presenting a novel PCA-based decoding method to study the brain state-dependent pupil-fMRI relationship.

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Decoding the brain state-dependent relationship between pupil dynamics and resting state fMRI signal fluctuation

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.68980 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Filip Sobczak ◽

Patricia Pais-Roldán ◽

Kengo Takahashi ◽

Xin Yu

Keyword(s):

Resting State ◽

Pupil Diameter ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Principal Component ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Brain State ◽

Behavioral Experiments ◽

Diverse Range ◽

State Dependent ◽

The Brain

Pupil dynamics serve as a physiological indicator of cognitive processes and arousal states of the brain across a diverse range of behavioral experiments. Pupil diameter changes reflect brain state fluctuations driven by neuromodulatory systems. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has been used to identify global patterns of neuronal correlation with pupil diameter changes; however, the linkage between distinct brain state-dependent activation patterns of neuromodulatory nuclei with pupil dynamics remains to be explored. Here, we identified four clusters of trials with unique activity patterns related to pupil diameter changes in anesthetized rat brains. Going beyond the typical rs-fMRI correlation analysis with pupil dynamics, we decomposed spatiotemporal patterns of rs-fMRI with principal component analysis (PCA) and characterized the cluster-specific pupil–fMRI relationships by optimizing the PCA component weighting via decoding methods. This work shows that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled with different neuromodulatory centers in different trials, presenting a novel PCA-based decoding method to study the brain state-dependent pupil–fMRI relationship.

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Propagation of Hippocampal Ripples to the Neocortex by Way of a Subiculum-Retrosplenial Pathway

10.1101/2020.02.27.966770 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noam Nitzan ◽

Sam McKenzie ◽

Prateep Beed ◽

Daniel Fine English ◽

Silvia Oldani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Retrosplenial Cortex ◽

Brain State ◽

Optogenetic Stimulation ◽

Sharp Wave ◽

State Dependent ◽

High Frequency Activity ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Ensemble Activity

SUMMARYBouts of high frequency activity known as sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) facilitate communication between the hippocampus and neocortex. However, the paths and mechanisms by which SPW-Rs broadcast their content are not well understood. Due to its anatomical positioning, the granular retrosplenial cortex (gRSC) may be a bridge for this hippocampo-cortical dialogue. Using silicon probe recordings in awake, head-fixed mice, we show the existence of SPW-R analogues in gRSC and demonstrate their coupling to hippocampal SPW-Rs. gRSC neurons reliably distinguished different subclasses of hippocampal SPW-Rs according to ensemble activity patterns in CA1. We demonstrate that this coupling is brain state-dependent, and delineate a topographically-organized anatomical pathway via VGlut2-expressing, bursty neurons in the subiculum. Optogenetic stimulation or inhibition of bursty subicular cells induced or reduced responses in superficial gRSC, respectively. These results identify a specific path and underlying mechanisms by which the hippocampus can convey neuronal content to the neocortex during SPW-Rs.

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A future for neuronal oscillation research

Brain and Neuroscience Advances ◽

10.1177/2398212818794827 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 239821281879482

Author(s):

Miles A. Whittington ◽

Roger D. Traub ◽

Natalie E. Adams

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processing ◽

Brain Function ◽

Large Scale ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Neuronal Population ◽

Local Network ◽

Brain State ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Temporal Properties ◽

Global Brain

Neuronal oscillations represent the most obvious feature of electrical activity in the brain. They are linked in general with global brain state (awake, asleep, etc.) and specifically with organisation of neuronal outputs during sensory perception and cognitive processing. Oscillations can be generated by individual neurons on the basis of interaction between inputs and intrinsic conductances but are far more commonly seen at the local network level in populations of interconnected neurons with diverse arrays of functional properties. It is at this level that the brain’s rich and diverse library of oscillatory time constants serve to temporally organise large-scale neural activity patterns. The discipline is relatively mature at the microscopic (cell, local network) level – although novel discoveries are still commonplace – but requires a far greater understanding of mesoscopic and macroscopic brain dynamics than we currently hold. Without this, extrapolation from the temporal properties of neurons and their communication strategies up to whole brain function will remain largely theoretical. However, recent advances in large-scale neuronal population recordings and more direct, higher fidelity, non-invasive measurement of whole brain function suggest much progress is just around the corner.

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Brain state-dependent cortico-hippocampal network dynamics are modulated by postnatal stimuli

10.1101/2020.12.25.424297 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshiaki Shinohara ◽

Shinnosuke Koketsu ◽

Hajime Hirase ◽

Takatoshi Ueki

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Cortical Activity ◽

Enriched Environment ◽

Brain State ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Sleep State ◽

Cortical Areas ◽

State Dependent

AbstractNeurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus discharge synchronously in a brain state-dependent manner to transfer information. Published studies have highlighted the temporal coordination of neuronal activities between the hippocampus and a cortical area, however, how the spatial extent of cortex activity relates to hippocampal activity remains largely unknown. We imaged macroscopic cortical activity while recording hippocampal local field potentials in unanesthetized GCaMP-expressing transgenic mice. We found that cortical activity elevates before and after hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWR). SWR-associated cortical activities occurred predominantly in vision-related regions including visual, retrosplenial and prefrontal cortex. While pre-SWR cortical activities were frequently observed in awake and sleep states, post-SWR cortical activity decreased significantly in sleep. During hippocampal theta oscillation states, phase-locked oscillations of calcium activity was observed throughout the entire cortex state. Environmental effects on cortico-hippocampal dynamics were also assessed by comparing mice reared in an enriched environment (ENR) or under isolated conditions (ISO). In both SWR and theta oscillations, mice reared in an isolated condition exhibited clearer brain state-dependent dynamics than those reared in an enriched environment. Our data demonstrate that the cortex and hippocampus exhibit heterogeneous activity patterns that characterize brain states, and postnatal experience plays a significant role in modulating these patterns.Significant StatementThe hippocampus is a center for memory formation. However, the memory formed in the hippocampus is not stored forever, but gradually transferred into the cerebral cortex. As an underlying mechanism, phase-locked synchronized activities between the cortex and hippocampus has been hypothesized. However, spatio-temporal dynamics between hippocampus and whole cortical areas remained mostly unknown. We measured cortical calcium activities with hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) simultaneously, and found that the activities of widespread cortical areas are temporally associated with hippocampal EEG. The cortico-hippocampal dynamics is primarily regulated by animal awake/sleep state. Even if similar EEG patters were observed, temporal dynamics between the cortex and hippocampus exhibit distinct patterns between awake and sleep period. In addition, animals’ postnatal experience modulates the dynamics.

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Brain state-dependent stimulation boosts functional recovery following stroke

Annals of Neurology ◽

10.1002/ana.25375 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 84-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting ◽

Andrew J. T. Stevenson ◽

Helle R. M. Jørgensen ◽

Kåre Eg Severinsen ◽

Susan Aliakbaryhosseinabadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Recovery ◽

Brain State ◽

State Dependent

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Relationship between individual neuron and network spontaneous activity in developing mouse cortex

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00349.2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (12) ◽

pp. 3033-3045 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Heather M. Barnett ◽

Julijana Gjorgjieva ◽

Keiko Weir ◽

Cara Comfort ◽

Adrienne L. Fairhall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Normal Development ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Piriform Cortex ◽

Intrinsic Excitability ◽

Intrinsic Activity ◽

Dorsal Cortex ◽

Synchronous Activity ◽

Mouse Cortex ◽

Propagating Waves ◽

Autonomous Activity

Spontaneous synchronous activity (SSA) that propagates as electrical waves is found in numerous central nervous system structures and is critical for normal development, but the mechanisms of generation of such activity are not clear. In previous work, we showed that the ventrolateral piriform cortex is uniquely able to initiate SSA in contrast to the dorsal neocortex, which participates in, but does not initiate, SSA (Lischalk JW, Easton CR, Moody WJ. Dev Neurobiol 69: 407–414, 2009). In this study, we used Ca2+ imaging of cultured embryonic day 18 to postnatal day 2 coronal slices (embryonic day 17 + 1–4 days in culture) of the mouse cortex to investigate the different activity patterns of individual neurons in these regions. In the piriform cortex where SSA is initiated, a higher proportion of neurons was active asynchronously between waves, and a larger number of groups of coactive cells was present compared with the dorsal cortex. When we applied GABA and glutamate synaptic antagonists, asynchronous activity and cellular clusters remained, while synchronous activity was eliminated, indicating that asynchronous activity is a result of cell-intrinsic properties that differ between these regions. To test the hypothesis that higher levels of cell-autonomous activity in the piriform cortex underlie its ability to initiate waves, we constructed a conductance-based network model in which three layers differed only in the proportion of neurons able to intrinsically generate bursting behavior. Simulations using this model demonstrated that a gradient of intrinsic excitability was sufficient to produce directionally propagating waves that replicated key experimental features, indicating that the higher level of cell-intrinsic activity in the piriform cortex may provide a substrate for SSA generation.

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Shared and Independent Neural Representation Between Visual Perception and Mental Imagery

10.21203/rs.3.rs-788978/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yingying Huang ◽

Frank Pollick ◽

Ming Liu ◽

Delong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Visual Perception ◽

Mental Imagery ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Neural Representation ◽

Gabor Features ◽

Visual Areas ◽

Neural Substrate ◽

Early Visual Cortex ◽

Human Participants ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Visual mental imagery and visual perception have been shown to share a hierarchical topological visual structure of neural representation. Meanwhile, many studies have reported a dissociation of neural substrate between mental imagery and perception in function and structure. However, we have limited knowledge about how the visual hierarchical cortex involved into internally generated mental imagery and perception with visual input. Here we used a dataset from previous fMRI research (Horikawa & Kamitani, 2017), which included a visual perception and an imagery experiment with human participants. We trained two types of voxel-wise encoding models, based on Gabor features and activity patterns of high visual areas, to predict activity in the early visual cortex (EVC, i.e., V1, V2, V3) during perception, and then evaluated the performance of these models during mental imagery. Our results showed that during perception and imagery, activities in the EVC could be independently predicted by the Gabor features and activity of high visual areas via encoding models, which suggested that perception and imagery might share neural representation in the EVC. We further found that there existed a Gabor-specific and a non-Gabor-specific neural response pattern to stimuli in the EVC, which were shared by perception and imagery. These findings provide insight into mechanisms of how visual perception and imagery shared representation in the EVC.

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