scholarly journals Propagation of Hippocampal Ripples to the Neocortex by Way of a Subiculum-Retrosplenial Pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Nitzan ◽  
Sam McKenzie ◽  
Prateep Beed ◽  
Daniel Fine English ◽  
Silvia Oldani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Sharp Wave ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
High Frequency Activity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Ensemble Activity

SUMMARYBouts of high frequency activity known as sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) facilitate communication between the hippocampus and neocortex. However, the paths and mechanisms by which SPW-Rs broadcast their content are not well understood. Due to its anatomical positioning, the granular retrosplenial cortex (gRSC) may be a bridge for this hippocampo-cortical dialogue. Using silicon probe recordings in awake, head-fixed mice, we show the existence of SPW-R analogues in gRSC and demonstrate their coupling to hippocampal SPW-Rs. gRSC neurons reliably distinguished different subclasses of hippocampal SPW-Rs according to ensemble activity patterns in CA1. We demonstrate that this coupling is brain state-dependent, and delineate a topographically-organized anatomical pathway via VGlut2-expressing, bursty neurons in the subiculum. Optogenetic stimulation or inhibition of bursty subicular cells induced or reduced responses in superficial gRSC, respectively. These results identify a specific path and underlying mechanisms by which the hippocampus can convey neuronal content to the neocortex during SPW-Rs.

scholarly journals Novel approach to modeling high-frequency activity data to assess therapeutic effects of analgesics in chronic pain conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekun Xu ◽  
Eric Laber ◽  
Ana-Maria Staicu ◽  
B. Duncan X. Lascelles
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
High Frequency Activity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition often associated with pain, affecting approximately fourteen percent of the population, and increasing in prevalence. A globally aging population have made treating OA-associated pain as well as maintaining mobility and activity a public health priority. OA affects all mammals, and the use of spontaneous animal models is one promising approach for improving translational pain research and the development of effective treatment strategies. Accelerometers are a common tool for collecting high-frequency activity data on animals to study the effects of treatment on pain related activity patterns. There has recently been increasing interest in their use to understand treatment effects in human pain conditions. However, activity patterns vary widely across subjects; furthermore, the effects of treatment may manifest in higher or lower activity counts or in subtler ways like changes in the frequency of certain types of activities. We use a zero inflated Poisson hidden semi-Markov model to characterize activity patterns and subsequently derive estimators of the treatment effect in terms of changes in activity levels or frequency of activity type. We demonstrate the application of our model, and its advance over traditional analysis methods, using data from a naturally occurring feline OA-associated pain model.

Brain state-dependent recruitment of high-frequency oscillations in the human hippocampus

Cortex ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Billeke ◽  
Tomas Ossandon ◽  
Marcelo Stockle ◽  
Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti ◽  
Philippe Kahane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Brain State ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Human Hippocampus ◽  
State Dependent

scholarly journals Locomotion-dependent remapping of distributed cortical networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly B. Clancy ◽  
Ivana Orsolic ◽  
Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Dorsal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Sensory Cortices

AbstractThe interactions between areas of the neocortex are fluid and state-dependent, but how individual neurons couple to cortex-wide network dynamics remains poorly understood. We correlated the spiking of individual neurons in primary visual (V1) and retrosplenial (RSP) cortex to activity across dorsal cortex, recorded simultaneously by calcium imaging. Individual neurons were correlated with distinct and reproducible patterns of activity across the cortical surface; while some fired predominantly with their local area, others coupled to activity in subsets of distal areas. The extent of distal coupling was predicted by how strongly neurons correlated with the local network. Changes in brain state triggered by locomotion re-structured how neurons couple to cortical activity patterns: running strengthened affiliations of V1 neurons with visual areas, while strengthening distal affiliations of RSP neurons with sensory cortices. Thus, individual neurons within a cortical area can independently engage in different cortical networks depending on the animal's behavioral state.

scholarly journals In Vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of Neocortical Excitatory Neurons Drives Brain-State-Dependent Inhibition

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 1593-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Mateo ◽  
Michael Avermann ◽  
Luc J. Gentet ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Karl Deisseroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain State ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Excitatory Neurons ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Decoding the brain state-dependent relationship between pupil dynamics and resting state fMRI signal fluctuation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Sobczak ◽  
Patricia Pais-Roldán ◽  
Kengo Takahashi ◽  
Xin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
The Brain

AbstractPupil dynamics serve as a physiological indicator of cognitive processes and arousal states of the brain across a diverse range of behavioral experiments. Pupil diameter changes reflect brain state fluctuations driven by neuromodulatory systems. Resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has been used to identify global patterns of neuronal correlation with pupil diameter changes, however, the linkage between distinct brain state-dependent activation patterns of neuromodulatory nuclei with pupil dynamics remains to be explored. Here, we identified four clusters of trials with unique activity patterns related to pupil diameter changes in anesthetized rat brains. Going beyond the typical rs-fMRI correlation analysis with pupil dynamics, we decomposed spatiotemporal patterns of rs-fMRI with principal components analysis (PCA) and characterized the cluster-specific pupil-fMRI relationships by optimizing the PCA component weighting via decoding methods. This work shows that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled with different neuromodulatory centers in different trials, presenting a novel PCA-based decoding method to study the brain state-dependent pupil-fMRI relationship.

scholarly journals Decoding the brain state-dependent relationship between pupil dynamics and resting state fMRI signal fluctuation

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Sobczak ◽  
Patricia Pais-Roldán ◽  
Kengo Takahashi ◽  
Xin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
The Brain

Pupil dynamics serve as a physiological indicator of cognitive processes and arousal states of the brain across a diverse range of behavioral experiments. Pupil diameter changes reflect brain state fluctuations driven by neuromodulatory systems. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has been used to identify global patterns of neuronal correlation with pupil diameter changes; however, the linkage between distinct brain state-dependent activation patterns of neuromodulatory nuclei with pupil dynamics remains to be explored. Here, we identified four clusters of trials with unique activity patterns related to pupil diameter changes in anesthetized rat brains. Going beyond the typical rs-fMRI correlation analysis with pupil dynamics, we decomposed spatiotemporal patterns of rs-fMRI with principal component analysis (PCA) and characterized the cluster-specific pupil–fMRI relationships by optimizing the PCA component weighting via decoding methods. This work shows that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled with different neuromodulatory centers in different trials, presenting a novel PCA-based decoding method to study the brain state-dependent pupil–fMRI relationship.

scholarly journals Cortical ripples provide the conditions for consolidation during NREM sleep in humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W Dickey ◽  
Ilya A Verzhbinsky ◽  
Xi Jiang ◽  
Burke Q Rosen ◽  
Sophie Kajfez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
High Frequency Activity ◽  
Intracranial Recordings

Hippocampal ripples index the reconstruction of spatiotemporal neuronal firing patterns essential for the consolidation of memories in the cortex during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. However, it is not known whether ripples are generated in the human cortex during sleep. Here, using human intracranial recordings, we show that ~70ms long ~80Hz ripples are ubiquitous in all regions of the cortex during NREM sleep as well as waking. During waking, cortical ripples occur on local high frequency activity peaks. During sleep, cortical ripples occur during spindles on the down-to-upstate transition, with unit-firing patterns consistent with generation by pyramidal-interneuron feedback. Cortical ripples mark the recurrence of spatiotemporal activity patterns from preceding waking, and they group co-firing within the window of spike-timing-dependent plasticity. Thus, cortical ripples guided by sequential sleep waves may facilitate memory consolidation during NREM sleep in humans.

scholarly journals Broadly tuned and respiration-independent inhibition in the olfactory bulb of awake mice

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany N Cazakoff ◽  
Billy Y B Lau ◽  
Kerensa L Crump ◽  
Heike Demmer ◽  
Stephen David Shea
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Lateral Interactions ◽  
Odor Coding ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Respiratory Synchronization ◽  
Ensemble Activity

Olfactory representations are shaped by both brain state and respiration; however, the interaction and circuit substrates of these influences are poorly understood. Granule cells (GCs) in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) are presumed to sculpt activity that reaches the olfactory cortex via inhibition of mitral/tufted cells (MTs). GCs may potentially sparsen ensemble activity by facilitating lateral inhibition among MTs, and/or they may enforce temporally-precise activity locked to breathing. Yet, the selectivity and temporal structure of GC activity during wakefulness are unknown. We recorded GCs in the MOB of anesthetized and awake mice and reveal pronounced state-dependent features of odor coding and temporal patterning. Under anesthesia, GCs exhibit sparse activity and are strongly and synchronously coupled to the respiratory cycle. Upon waking, GCs desynchronize, broaden their odor responses, and typically fire without regard for the respiratory rhythm. Thus during wakefulness, GCs exhibit stronger odor responses with less temporal structure. Based on these observations, we propose that during wakefulness GCs likely predominantly shape MT odor responses through broadened lateral interactions rather than respiratory synchronization.

scholarly journals Patterned Neuronal Activities Dictate Cell Type-specific Axon Regeneration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Takle Ruppell ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Ye Shang ◽  
Jiaxin Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Burst Firing ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tonic Firing ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Neuronal Subtype ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractInjured neurons exhibit cell type-specific axon regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Two subtypes of Drosophila sensory neurons show distinct regenerative competence. Here, we show that axotomy induces long-lasting burst firing and Ca2+ spikes specifically in the regenerative subtype. Genetic silencing of firing in the regenerative subtype inhibits regeneration. Optogenetic stimulation of the non-regenerative subtype reveals that activity patterns critically determine regeneration; burst firing triggers Ca2+ spikes and suffices to induce regeneration, while tonic firing fails to induce Ca2+ spikes and regeneration. We further show the L-type Ca2+ channel, Dmca1D, regulates Ca2+ spikes and regeneration. Intriguingly, the regenerative neuronal subtype expresses higher levels of Dmca1D, and overexpression of Dmca1D in the non-regenerative subtype facilitates regeneration. Our studies indicate that injury induces cell type-specific neuronal activities, which act through Ca2+ spikes to govern regeneration, and suggest that precise control of neuronal activity patterns is an effective way to promote regeneration.

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