scholarly journals Stress alters social behavior and sensitivity to pharmacological activation of kappa opioid receptors in an age-specific manner in Sprague Dawley rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena I. Varlinskaya ◽  
Linda Patia Spear ◽  
Marvin R. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Social Investigation ◽  
Play Fighting ◽  
Male And Female Rats

AbstractThe dynorphin/kappa (DYN/KOR) system has been identified as a primary target of stress due to behavioral effects, such as dysphoria, aversion, and anxiety-like alterations that result from activation of this system. Numerous adaptations in the DYN/KOR system have also been identified in response to stress. However, whereas most studies examining the function of the DYN/KOR system have been conducted in adults, there is growing evidence suggesting that this system is ontogenetically regulated. Likewise, the outcome of exposure to stress also differs across ontogeny. Based on these developmental similarities, the objective of this study was to systematically test effects of a selective KOR agonist, U62066, on various aspects of social behavior across ontogeny in non-stressed male and female rats as well as in males and females with a prior history of repeated exposure to restraint (90 min/day, 5 exposures). We found that the social consequences of repeated restraint differed as a function of age: juvenile stress produced substantial increases in play fighting, whereas adolescent and adult stress resulted in decreases in social investigation and social preference. The KOR agonist U62066 dose-dependently reduced social behaviors in non-stressed adults, producing social avoidance at the highest dose tested, while younger animals displayed reduced sensitivity to this socially suppressing effect of U62066. Interestingly, in stressed animals, the socially suppressing effects of the KOR agonist were blunted at all ages, with juveniles and adolescents exhibiting increased social preference in response to certain doses of U62066. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that the DYN/KOR system changes with age and differentially responds and adapts to stress across development.

scholarly journals Distinct dynamics of social motivation drive differential social behavior in laboratory rat and mouse strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Netser ◽  
Ana Meyer ◽  
Hen Magalnik ◽  
Asaph Zylbertal ◽  
Shani Haskal de la Zerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Social Investigation ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Behavioral Studies

AbstractMice and rats are widely used to explore mechanisms of mammalian social behavior in health and disease, raising the question whether they actually differ in their social behavior. Here we address this question by directly comparing social investigation behavior between two mouse and rat strains used most frequently for behavioral studies and as models of neuropathological conditions: C57BL/6 J mice and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Employing novel experimental systems for behavioral analysis of both subjects and stimuli during the social preference test, we reveal marked differences in behavioral dynamics between the strains, suggesting stronger and faster induction of social motivation in SD rats. These different behavioral patterns, which correlate with distinctive c-Fos expression in social motivation-related brain areas, are modified by competition with non-social rewarding stimuli, in a strain-specific manner. Thus, these two strains differ in their social behavior, which should be taken into consideration when selecting an appropriate model organism.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF ADOLESCENT INTERMITTENT ETHANOL EXPOSURE IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS ON SOCIAL DRINKING AND NEUROPEPTIDE GENE EXPRESSION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Towner ◽  
Kimberly M Papastrat ◽  
Linda P Spear ◽  
Elena I Varlinskaya ◽  
David F Werner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Social Investigation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Drinking Ethanol

Background: Alcohol use during adolescence can alter maturational changes that occur in brain regions associated with social and emotional responding. Our previous studies have shown that adult male, but not female rats demonstrate social anxiety-like alterations and enhanced sensitivity to ethanol-induced social facilitation following adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure. These consequences of AIE may influence adult social drinking in a sex-specific manner. Methods: To test effects of AIE on social drinking, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to water or ethanol [0 or 4 g/kg, intragastrically, every other day, between postnatal day (P) 25 and 45] were tested as adults (P72-83) in a social drinking paradigm (30-minute access to a 10% ethanol solution in supersac or supersac alone in groups of three same-sex littermates across two 4-day cycles separated by 4 days off). Social behavior was assessed during the last drinking session, with further assessment of oxytocin (OXT), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), vasopressin (AVP) and vasopressin receptors 1a and 1b (AVPR1a, AVPR1b) in the hypothalamus and lateral septum. Results: Males exposed to AIE consumed more ethanol than water-exposed controls during the second drinking cycle, whereas AIE did not affect supersac intake in males. AIE-exposed females consumed less ethanol and more supersac than water-exposed controls. Water-exposed females drinking ethanol showed more social investigation as well as significantly higher hypothalamic OXTR, AVP, and AVPR1b gene expression than their counterparts ingesting supersac and AIE females drinking ethanol. In males, hypothalamic AVPR1b gene expression was affected by drinking solution, with significantly higher expression evident in males drinking ethanol than those consuming supersac. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings provide new evidence regarding sex-specific effects of AIE on social drinking and suggest that the hypothalamic OXT and AVP systems are implicated in the effects of ingested ethanol on social behavior in a sex- and adolescent exposure-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Familiarity/Novelty Preferences in Rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annaliese K. Beery ◽  
Katharine L. Shambaugh
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
High Degree

Sociality—i.e., life in social groups—has evolved many times in rodents, and there is considerable variation in the nature of these groups. While many species-typical behaviors have been described in field settings, the use of consistent behavioral assays in the laboratory provides key data for comparisons across species. The preference for interaction with familiar or novel individuals is an important dimension of social behavior. Familiarity preference, in particular, may be associated with more closed, less flexible social groups. The dimension from selectivity to gregariousness has been used as a factor in classification of social group types. Laboratory tests of social choice range from brief (10 minutes) to extended (e.g., 3 hours). As familiarity preferences typically need long testing intervals to manifest, we used 3-hour peer partner preference tests to test for the presence of familiarity preferences in same-sex cage-mates and strangers in rats. We then conducted an aggregated analysis of familiarity preferences across multiple rodent species (adult male and female rats, mice, prairie voles, meadow voles, and female degus) tested with the same protocol. We found a high degree of consistency within species across data sets, supporting the existence of strong, species-typical familiarity preferences in prairie voles and meadow voles, and a lack of familiarity preferences in other species tested. Sociability, or total time spent near conspecifics, was unrelated to selectivity in social preference. These findings provide important background for interpreting the neurobiological mechanisms involved in social behavior in these species.

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of a Traditional Polyherbal Unani Formulation Jawarish Shahi in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Mohd Urooj ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Ahmed Khan ◽  
G. Thejaswini ◽  
Munawwar Husain Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Dose Levels

Jawarish Shahi (JS) is a compound polyherbal Unani pharmacopoeial formulation indicated for Khafqan (Palpitation), Nafkh-e-Shikam (Flatulence) and Waswas (Insanity; false perception and hallucinations). Jawarish Shahi contains herbs like Halela (Terminalia chebula), Amla (Emblica officinalis), Kishneez (Coriandrum sativum), Elaichi Khurd, (Elettaria cardamomum), and Bed Mushk (Salix caprea). The present study was carried out as per OECD 408 guidance to evaluate 90 days repeated oral dose toxicity in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. The study was performed at dose levels 1028 and 2000 mg/kg bw. No adverse effects were reported with respect to body weight, feed intake, behavior and clinical signs indicative of systemic toxicity. The expected growth pattern was observed in body weight and feed intake as compared to control group at both dose levels in male and female rats. There were few significant alterations with respect to hematology, and clinical biochemistry, however the results were within normal range thus considered toxicologically insignificant. The microscopic examination of different organ/tissue showed that no histopathological changes were observed. The findings of the study showed that No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for JS is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight

Dietary Administration of Colesevelam Hydrochloride Does Not Affect Fertility or Reproductive Performance in Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith K. Marquis ◽  
Rafif Dagher ◽  
Michael R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Colesevelam hydrochloride (HCl) (WelChol; Sankyo Pharma) is a novel, highly potent, bile acid-binding polymer used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietarily administered colesevelam HCl on fertility and reproductive performance parameters. To assess these effects, sexually mature Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to one of five treatment groups: feed alone, feed plus control article (SigmaCell), or feed plus colesevelam HCl 200, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg/day. Male and female rats were administered the appropriate group agent for 28 and 15 days, respectively, and were subsequently paired together for cohabitation and mating. Females continued to receive the test agent in their dietary formulation through presumed gestation day (GD) 7. Presumed pregnant females underwent cesarean section on GD 20. Food consumption rate, body weight, gross necropsy, and standard preclinical tests for reproduction and fertility were performed for each test animal. No statistically significant differences were found between control and drug-treated groups for any tested endpoints of reproduction. All animals placed in cohabitation successfully mated. Uterine and litter end points were unaffected by dosages of colesevelam HCl as high as 2000 mg/kg/day. There were no significant differences between treatment group litter averages in the number of corpora lutea, implantation sites, litter size, live fetuses, body weights, early/late resorptions, and the number of dams with viable fetuses. In addition, no external alterations of fetal morphology were attributable to treatment with colesevelam HCl when administered up to the embryo implantation stage. In male animals, no significant differences were found between the colesevelam HCl and control study groups in the average caudal epididymal sperm count or sperm concentration, total number of motile and nonmotile sperm, and the total percentage of motile sperm. Based on these data, colesevelam HCl does not have any significant adverse reproductive or fertility effects in rats, even when administered at doses approximately 30 times greater than the approved clinical dose.

scholarly journals A Safety Evaluation of a Nature-Identical l-Ergothioneine in Sprague Dawley Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palma Ann Marone ◽  
Jan Trampota ◽  
Steven Weisman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

l-(+) Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring thiol amino acid with antioxidant properties and potential benefits as a dietary supplement. Despite its century-old identification and wide distribution in human food, little is known of its mechanism of action and safety. The nature-identical biomimetic of l-(+) ergothioneine, produced by Mironova Labs and supplied as Mironova (EGT+), has been investigated in the present studies for its mutagenic and toxicologic potential. In a plate incorporation and preincubation assay with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, 100, 1,535, and 1,537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA strain, at dose concentrations of 1.58, 5, 15.8, 50, 158, 500, 1,580, and 5,000 μg/plate with and without metabolic activation, no cytotoxicity or mutagenicity was observed. Following a preliminary 28-day study, a repeated dose 90-day gavage study at dose levels of 0, 400, 800, and 1,600 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d in Sprague Dawley rats, in which dose-proportional systemic absorption was confirmed by plasma analysis, no adverse clinical, body weight/gain, food consumption and efficiency, clinical pathology, or histopathological changes associated with the administration of the nature-identical ergothioneine were observed. In conclusion, EGT+ administered over 90 days was well tolerated with a no adverse effect level at 1,600 mg/kg bw/d, the highest dose tested for male and female rats. In addition, the nature-identical test substance, EGT+ was not mutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation assay at plate concentrations of up to 5,000 μg/mL in the presence or absence of metabolic activation.

scholarly journals Absorption, Distribution, Excretion, and Pharmacokinetics ofC-Pyronaridine Tetraphosphate in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hyun Park ◽  
Kannampalli Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Phase Ii Clinical Trials ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Peak Value

The main objective of this investigation was to determine the absorption, distribution, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial drug pyronaridine tetraphosphate (PNDP) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Following oral administration of a single dose (10 mg/Kg) ofC-PNDP, it was observed that the drug was readily absorbed from the small intestine within 1 hour following oral administration and was widely distributed in most of the tissues investigated as determined from the observed radioactivity in the tissues. The peak value of the drug in the blood was reached at around 8 hours postadministration, and radioactivity was detected in most of the tissues from 4 hours onwards.C-PNDP showed a poor permeability across the blood-brain barrier, and the absorption, distribution, and excretion ofC-PNDP were found to be gender-independent as both male and female rats showed a similar pattern of radioactivity. Excretion of the drug was predominantly through the urine with a peak excretion post 24 hours of administration. A small amount of the drug was also excreted in the feces and also in the breath. It was found that theCmax, AUC (0-inf), andTmaxvalues were similar to those observed in the Phase II clinical trials of pyronaridine/artesunate (Pyramax) conducted in Uganda.

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