scholarly journals Liver ultrasound elastography for the evaluation of periportal fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni: A cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelma Carvalho Santos ◽  
Andrea Dória Batista ◽  
Carla Maria Mola Vasconcelos ◽  
Roberto Souza Lemos ◽  
Valter Romão de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Periportal Fibrosis ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni

AbstractBackgroundARFI elastrography has been used as a noninvasive method to assess the severity of liver fibrosis in viral hepatitis, although with few studies in schistosomiasis mansoni. We aimed to evaluate the performance of point shear wave elastography (pSWE) for predicting significant periportal fibrosis (PPF) in schistosomotic patients and to determine its best cutoff point.Methodology/Principal findingsThis cross-sectional study included 358 adult schistosomotic patients subjected to US and pSWE on the right lobe. Two hundred two patients (62.0%) were women, with a median age of 54 (ranging 18-92) years. The pSWE measurements were compared to the US patterns of PPF, as gold standard, according to the Niamey classification. The performance of pSWE was calculated as the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Patients were further classified into two groups: 86 patients with mild PPF and 272 patients with significant PPF. The median pSWE of the significant fibrosis group was higher (1.40 m/s) than that of mild fibrosis group (1.14 m/s, p<0.001). AUC was 0.719 with ≤1.11 m/s as the best cutoff value for excluding significant PPF. Sensitivity and negative predictive values were 80.5% and 40.5%, respectively. Whereas, for confirming significant PPF, the best cutoff value was >1.39 m/s, with specificity of 86.1% and positive predictive value of 92.0%.Conclusions/SignificancepSWE was able to differentiate significant from mild PPF, with better performance to predict significant PPF.Author summaryIn the developing world, over 207 million people are infected with parasitic Schistosoma worms. Among the species of Schistosoma that infect humans Schistosoma mansoni is one of the most common causes of illness. Here, we investigated the performance of point shear wave elastography (pSWE) for predicting significant periportal fibrosis (PPF) in schistosomotic patients and to determine its best cutoff point. We examined 358 people from northeast of Brazil for Schistosoma infections. The present study showed that pSWE was able to differentiate significant from mild PPF, with better performance to predict significant PPF.

scholarly journals Renal shear wave elastography for the assessment of nephron hypertrophy: a cross-sectional study in chronic kidney disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuji Iyama ◽  
Tomoaki Takata ◽  
Masahiko Koda ◽  
Satoko Fukuda ◽  
Shotaro Hoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Liver ultrasound elastography for the evaluation of periportal fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni: A cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e0006868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelma Carvalho Santos ◽  
Andrea Dória Batista ◽  
Carla Maria Mola Vasconcelos ◽  
Roberto Souza Lemos ◽  
Valter Romão de Souza Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liver Ultrasound ◽  
Periportal Fibrosis ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni

scholarly journals Liver Fibrosis Assessment Using Transient Elastography by FibroScan and Shear Wave Elastography by Sonography: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study in an Outpatient Liver Clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Zarei ◽  
Maryam Moini ◽  
Mahsa Abedi ◽  
Rezvan Ravanfar Haghighi ◽  
Banafsheh Zeinali-Rafsanjani
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fibrosis Staging

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the second most common cause of liver transplantation in the United States, with a continuously growing prevalence. There are several non-invasive methods to detect liver fibrosis, which is defined as the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, particularly collagens. It is most commonly associated with chronic liver diseases, such as NAFLD. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the concordance between transient elastography (TE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) for liver fibrosis staging and also to examine the congruence between the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and the B-mode hepatorenal ratio for hepatic steatosis grading in patients with NAFLD. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted during March 2018 - 2019, NAFLD patients, referred to the liver clinic of our center for the non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis, were enrolled. However, patients with sonographic features of cirrhosis, multiple hepatic masses, or moderate to large ascites were excluded; also, patients who were uncooperative during the tests were excluded. Measurements obtained by different tools were recorded. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Chi-square test, independent t-test, or Mann-Whitney tests, as well as Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, were used to analyze the data. Results: Sixty-five patients (male-to-female ratio, 1:13), with a median age of 47 years, were included in the study. The tools for assessing fibrosis (r = 0.9538, 95% CI: 0.9252 - 0.9717, P < 0.0001) and steatosis (r = 0.429, 95% CI: 0.2048 - 0.6104, P < 0.0001) were perfectly and moderately correlated, respectively. Sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) did not affect the results. Conclusion: The two elastography modalities showed a strong correlation for fibrosis staging in our study population. Also, the CAP and B-mode hepatorenal ratio were moderately correlated for grading hepatosteatosis. Overall, selection of the best assessment method among the studied modalities depends on factors other than internal validity.

scholarly journals Using Anthropometric Indicator to Identify Hypertension in Adolescents: A Study in Sarawak, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whye Lian Cheah ◽  
Ching Thon Chang ◽  
Helmy Hazmi ◽  
Grace Woei Feng Kho
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the predictive power of anthropometric indicators and recommend cutoff points to discriminate hypertension among adolescents in Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 2461 respondents aged 12-17 years participated in this study with mean age of 14.5±1.50 years. All anthropometric indicators had significant area under the ROC curve, with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) ranging from 0.7 to 0.8. The best anthropometric indicators for predicting hypertension for boys were WC, BMI, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). For girls, BMI was the best indicators followed by WHtR and WC. The recommended BMI cutoff point for boys was 20 kg/m2 and 20.7 kg/m2 for girls. For WC, the recommended cutoff point was 67.1 cm for boys and 68.2 cm for girls. BMI and WC indicators were recommended to be used at the school setting where the measurement can easily be conducted.

scholarly journals Detection of Changes in Cervical Softness Using Shear Wave Speed in Early versus Late Pregnancy: An in Vivo Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey C. Carlson ◽  
Timothy J. Hall ◽  
Ivan M. Rosado-Mendez ◽  
Mark L. Palmeri ◽  
Helen Feltovich
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shear Wave Speed

scholarly journals Comparison of Body Mass Index with Modified Subjective Global Assessment for Detection of Malnutrition Among Patients Under Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Mohammad Syfur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Farhadul Haque ◽  
Tayeba Sultana ◽  
Tahera Sultana ◽  
Syed Asif Ul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Subjective Global Assessment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Study Population

Background: Patients under maintenance hemodialysis are at increased risk of malnutrition, causing from multitude of factors. Present study aims to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among maintenance hemodialysis patients using both modified subjective global assessment score and body mass index, compare them and assess the sensitivity and specificity of body mass index for detecting malnutrition, along with determining a new cutoff value for BMI that better represent the maintenance hemodialysis patient’s nutritional status. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the hemodialysis unit of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, BIRDEM General Hospital and National Institute of Kidney Diseases & Urology; among 80 adult CKD patients who were on regular (≥2 sessions per week) maintenance hemodialysis for more than 3 months without any acute infection, during the period of July 2016 to June 2017. Nutritional assessment was done for each patient using modified SGA score along with BMI. Sensitivity analysis of WHO recommended cutoff value for BMI was done among the study population using modified SGA score as gold standard test for detection of malnutrition among the respondents. ROC curve was used to estimate the best fitting cutoff value of BMI that showed highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detracting malnutrition among maintenance hemodialysis patients. Results: The study participants were predominantly male (66.3%) and from age group 45 to 59 years (36.3%). Modified SGA score detected 90.0% of the study population as malnourished. WHO recommended 18.5 kg/m2 cutoff value was also used to detect malnutrition among study population and 13.8% were found to be malnourished, with a sensitivity and specificity of 12.5% and 75.0% respectively. Accuracy was found to be 18.8%. Using ROC curve, 23.1 kg/m2 was found to be the best fitting cutoff value of BMI for the study population to detect malnutrition. With a sensitivity of 47.2%, specificity of 37.5% and accuracy of 46.3%. Conclusion: BMI showed low sensitivity for detecting malnutrition among patients under maintenance hemodialysis, compared to modified SGA score and should be avoided as a screening tool, but 23.1 kg/m2 cutoff value for BMI showed potential to be used as an easy to use and quick tool for detecting malnutrition among such patients. Further study with larger sample size could shed more light on this. JOPSOM 2021; 40(1): 14-21

scholarly journals Performance of OncoE6TMCervical Test in detecting cervical precancer lesions in HIV-positive women attending an HIV clinic in Bujumbura, Burundi: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029088
Author(s):  
Zacharie Ndizeye ◽  
Sonia Menon ◽  
Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden ◽  
Catherine Sauvaget ◽  
Y Jacquemyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

ObjectiveNew rapid and low-cost molecular tests for cervical cancer screening, such as the OncoE6 Cervical Test, are emerging and could be alternatives for low-income and middle-income countries. To this end, we evaluated the clinical performance of the OncoE6 Cervical Test in detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among HIV-infected women in Bujumbura, Burundi.MethodsFrom June to December 2017, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 680 HIV-positive women at the University Hospital. Women aged 25–65 years who declared having had vaginal intercourse were consecutively recruited, and cervical specimens for OncoE6, liquid-based cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping were obtained and visual inspection with acetic acid performed. Thereafter, participants underwent a colposcopic examination. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the different tests were calculated with reference to ‘colposcopic-histological’ diagnoses, and areas under the receiver operating curves of OncoE6 and cytology tests were compared.ResultsThe prevalence of CIN was 4.9%, and OncoE6 positivity was 3.1%. OncoE6 sensitivity varied from poor to low with increasing disease severity (42.1%, 95% CI 19.9% to 64.3% at CIN2+ threshold; and 58.3%, 95% CI 30.4% to 86.2% at CIN3+ threshold). OncoE6 had the highest specificity compared with all other tests used together. The performance of the OncoE6 test was significantly lower compared with cytology at atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS+) cut-off (AUC=0.68 vs 0.85, p=0.03) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL+) cut-off (AUC=0.68 vs 0.83, p=0.04) for CIN2+ diagnoses. However, the performance of the OncoE6 test was similar to that of cytology at high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL+) cut-off (AUC=0.68 vs 0.76; p=0.30) for CIN2+ diagnoses and was also similar to that of cytology at all cut-offs (ASCUS+, LSIL+ and HSIL+) for CIN3+ diagnoses (p1=0.76, p2=0.95 and p3=0.50, respectively).ConclusionThe current OncoE6 test proved to be a point-of-care test. However, given its poor performance for CIN2+ diagnoses, we do not recommend it for primary screening. We recommend to enrich it with more oncogenic HPV types, which may improve the performance of the test akin to that of cytology.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study on Subjective Fever Assessment in Children by Palpation: Are Fathers as Reliable as Mothers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ehud Rosenbloom ◽  
Crysta Balis ◽  
Dustin Jacobson ◽  
Melanie Conway ◽  
Ji Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background. Fever is common in pediatric patients. Often, parents rely solely on palpation when assessing their child’s fever. The objective of the current study was to determine the accuracy of parents in detecting their child’s fever by palpation. Methods. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary pediatric hospital. Infants and children, 0–4 years of age, presenting to the ED with both parents were included. Parents were separately asked if their child had a fever and, if so, were asked to assess the temperature by palpation. A nurse obtained the rectal temperature. The primary outcome measure was the accuracy of fathers and mothers in detecting fever. Results. A total of 170 children with their parents were enrolled. The mean ages of the children, mothers, and fathers were 18.9 (SD 0.8) months, 31.1 (SD 6.4) years, and 33.7 (SD 6.9) years, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between mothers and fathers in the ability to assess fever by palpation (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.39,−1.08). Sensitivities for detecting fever by palpation for mothers and father were 86.4% and 88.2%, respectively (specificity among mothers: 54.2% and specificity among fathers: 43.1%). The overall negative and positive predictive values were 65.9% (95% CI 55%–75.7%) and 75.7% (95% CI 69.9%–80.8%), respectively. Conclusions. Mothers and fathers do not differ in their ability to accurately assess their child’s fever by palpation. The low positive and negative predictive values indicate that if temperature was not measured, physicians cannot rely on parents’ reports.

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