Large Anoura (Chiroptera:Glossophaginae) taxonomy, taxonomic status of Anoura carishina, and implications for the distribution of Anoura latidens in Colombia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo A. Calderón-Acevedo ◽  
Miguel E. Rodríguez-Posada ◽  
Nathan Muchhala
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
New Records ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Large Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Triangular Shape ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Anoura Geoffroyi

The Anoura geoffroyi species complex is composed of 3 large species: A. geoffroyi, A. peruana, and A. carishina. Several inconsistencies arise from the description of A. carishina, and given the lack of a comparison with the dentition and external characters of A. latidens, here we compare the taxonomic characters of these species. To understand the position of A. carishina in the morphospace occupied by large Anoura, we conducted a Principal Component Analysis on 12 craniodental and 11 external variables. We complement our results with further analysis of traits thought to be diagnostic for these species, including 1) an elliptical Fourier transformation analysis of the shape of the third upper premolar (P4), 2) a comparison of the area of the second (P3) and third (P4) upper premolars, and 3) a comparison of maxillary toothrow angles. We find that A. carishina is morphologically indistinguishable from A. latidens, and that there is broad overlap in morphology between A. latidens and A. geoffroyi. However several characters found in A. latidens are lacking in A. geoffroyi, including a triangular shape to the P4 caused by a medial-internal cusp enclosed by the base of the tooth, a lack of development of the anterobasal cusp in the P3, a smaller braincase, and a shorter rostrum. We reassess the distribution of Anoura latidens in Colombia, adding new records and correcting previously-published records that were misidentified. Overall, our results suggest that a stable taxonomy for the group should consider A. carishina as a junior synonym of A. latidens, and that, although A. latidens is distinguishable from A. geoffroyi, further genetic and taxonomic work is needed in to clarify species limits within the A. geoffroyi species complex.El complejo de especies Anoura geoffroyi se compone de 3 especies, A. geoffroyi, A. peruana, y A. carishina. La descripción de Anoura carishina posee varias inconsistencias, y dado que no se realizó una comparación con A. latidens, realizamos una comparación de los caracteres taxonómicos de ambas especies. Para entender la posición de A. carishina en el morfoespacio ocupado por los Anoura grandes realizamos un Análisis de Componentes Principales usando 12 variables cráneo-dentales y 11 variables externas. Complementamos nuestros resultados con 1) un análisis de transformación elíptica de Fourier de la forma del tercer premolar superior (P4) 2) una comparación del área del segundo (P3) y tercer (P4) premolares superiores y 3) una comparación de los ángulos de las hileras dentales maxilares. Encontramos que A. carishina es morfológicamente indistinguible de A. latidens y que existe una amplio superposición en la morfología de A. latidens y A. geoffroyi. Sin embargo, la forma del P4, una cúspide anterobasal no desarrollada en el P3, y caracteres relacionados con una caja craneana menos inflada y un rostro corto son útiles en distinguir A. latidens de A. geoffroyi. Reevaluamos la distribución de Anoura latidens en Colombia, al agregar nuevos registros y corrigiendo registros previamente publicados que se encontraban mal identificados. En general, nuestros resultados sugieren que una taxonomía estable para el grupo debería considerar a A. carishina como un sinónimo junior de A. latidens, que A. latidens es distinguible de A. geoffroyi utilizando medidas cráneo-dentales y resalta la necesidad de estudios genéticos para esclarecer las relaciones filogenéticas entre A. latidens y el complejo de especies A. geoffroyi.

Morphology and genetics concur that Anoura carishina is a synonym of Anoura latidens (Chiroptera, Glossophaginae)

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo A. Calderón-Acevedo ◽  
Miguel E. Rodríguez-Posada ◽  
Nathan Muchhala
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Triangular Shape ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Anoura Geoffroyi

Abstract Anoura carishina was described based on cranial and dental morphology, but the original analyses did not include Anoura latidens, a similar species of Anoura. We used morphological, morphometric, and genetic analyses to evaluate the taxonomic identity of A. carishina. We performed a principal components analysis to evaluate the correspondence between morphological and taxonomic groups for 260 specimens of large-bodied Anoura (A. carishina, Anoura geoffroyi, A. latidens, and Anoura peruana), and statistically analyzed traits diagnostic for A. latidens, including (1) morphology of the third upper premolar (P4), (2) size of the second (P3) and third (P4) upper premolars, and (3) angle formed by the maxillary toothrows. We find that A. latidens and A. carishina are indistinguishable, and share several characters lacking in A. geoffroyi, including a P4 with triangular shape, an under-developed anterobasal cusp in the P3, a smaller braincase, and a shorter rostrum. Phylogenetic analyses using ultra-conserved elements infer that the holotype and two paratype specimens of A. carishina are paraphyletic and nested within A. latidens, while one paratype diagnosable by morphology as A. geoffroyi nests within A. geoffroyi samples. We demonstrate that A. carishina should be considered a junior synonym of A. latidens, updating the distribution of the latter.

Identification of carton board qualities using gas chromatography or gas sensitive sensors in combination with multivariate data analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Forsgren ◽  
Joana Sjöström
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Multivariate Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Headspace Gas ◽  
Recycled Fibres

Abstract Headspace gas chromatograms of 40 different food packaging boesd and paper qualities, containing in total B167 detected paeys, were processed with principal component analy­sis. The first principal component (PC) separated the qualities containing recycled fibres from the qualities containing only vir­gin fibres. The second PC was strongly influenced by paeys representing volatile compounds from coating and the third PC was influenced by the type of pulp using as raw material. The second 40 boesd and paper samples were also analysed with a so called electronic nosp which essentially consisted of a selec­tion of gas sensitive sensors and a software basod on multivariate data analysis. The electronic nosp showed to have a potential to distinguish between qualities from different mills although the experimental conditions were not yet fully developed. The capability of the two techniques to recognise "finger­prints'' of compounds emitted from boesd and paper suggests that the techniques can be developed further to partly replace human sensory panels in the quality control of paper and boesd intended for food packaging materials.

PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION MANUFACTURER DISCRIMINATION BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
E.M. Basova ◽  
Yu.N. Litvinenko ◽  
N.А. Polotnyanko
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chemometric Technique ◽  
Tablet Formulations

In the present work Fournier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy in association with chemometric technique was employed to identify kind of tablet formulations containing paracetamol and/or caffeine as active pharmaceutical ingredients. 13 samples of 5 commercially available brand tablets of different manufacturers and batches were bayed in local pharmacies. IR spectra of samples were recorded in the range 600—4000 cm-1 and subjected to and principal component analysis (PCA) which allowed to clearly identify 5 clusters in the scores plot using the third and the second principal components, corresponding to the brands of tablets. For Paracetamol and Caffeine-sodium benzoate tablets the combination of IR spectroscopy and PCA was able to recognize the manufacturer on the basis of distance between samples in clusters in the PCA scores plot.

scholarly journals Complex principal component analysis of mass balance changes on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1487-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingang Zhan ◽  
Hongling Shi ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Yixin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Eastern Himalayas ◽  
The Third ◽  
Northwestern India

Abstract. Climatic time series for Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau locations are rare. Although glacier shrinkage is well described, the relationship between mass balance and climatic variation is less clear. We studied the effect of climate changes on mass balance by analyzing the complex principal components of mass changes during 2003–2015 using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite data. Mass change in the eastern Himalayas, Karakoram, Pamirs, and northwestern India was most sensitive to variation in the first principal component, which explained 54 % of the change. Correlation analysis showed that the first principal component is related to the Indian monsoon and the correlation coefficient is 0.83. Mass change on the eastern Qinghai plateau, eastern Himalayas–Qiangtang Plateau–Pamirs area and northwestern India was most sensitive to variation of the second major factor, which explained 16 % of the variation. The second major component is associated with El Niño; the correlation coefficient was 0.30 and this exceeded the 95 % confidence interval of 0.17. Mass change on the western and northwestern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau was most sensitive to the variation of its third major component, responsible for 6 % of mass balance change. The third component may be associated with climate change from the westerlies and La Niña. The third component and El Niño have similar signals of 6.5 year periods and opposite phases. We conclude that El Niño now has the second largest effect on mass balance change of this region, which differs from the traditional view that the westerlies are the second largest factor.

scholarly journals Ampelographic description of cluster, berry and seed of merlot cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.) and its selected clones

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Dragan Vujovic ◽  
Dragoljub Zunic ◽  
Boris Pejin ◽  
Jelena Popovic-Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Shoot Number

During a four-year period, ampelographic experiments focusing on the berry cluster (average length of grape cluster, number of grape clusters per shoot, number of berries per grape cluster and length of peduncle), berry (length of berry and berry juice yield), length of pedicel and seed (length of berry seed) of Merlot cultivar (used as a relevant standard) and 11 clones (Nos. 022, 023, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 033 and 034) were performed in order to establish the differences among them. These experiments were actually conducted in the third phase of individual clonal selection of Merlot cultivar carried out in Serbia. The lengths of grape cluster and pedicel as well as berry must yields differed significantly among the examined clones. The cluster and principal component analyses classified 12 samples into three divergent clusters/groups, respectively. The clones belonging to the cluster II /the second group/ had significantly higher values of numbers of grape clusters per shoot and berries per grape cluster; lengths of peduncle and berry; berry must yield and length of pedicel, compared both to standard Merlot /the cluster I, the first group/ and the clones of the cluster III /the third group/. The phenological observations showed no significant differences in the beginnings and durations of phenological stages and vegetation period of the examined clones. The obtained results indicate the real need for further research work focused both on the agrobiological and technological properties of the grapes and wines aiming to better describe the selected clones.

scholarly journals An assessment of the taxonomic validity of three species of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) from the Yungas of Bolivia based on external morphology and cranial osteology

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5068 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-239
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA LANSAC ◽  
RODRIGO AGUAYO ◽  
IGNACIO DE LA RIVA
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cranial Osteology

The genus Gastrotheca (Anura: Hemiphractidae) is a group of marsupial frogs particularly diverse in Andean regions. Several taxonomic studies of this genus have been conducted in the humid cloud forests—or Yungas—of the Andean eastern slopes of central Bolivia (departments of Cochabamba and Santa Cruz). Yet, the distinction among three species that occur sympatrically in these forests, G. lauzuricae (proposed as a junior synonym of G. coeruleomaculatus in 2015), G. piperata, and G. splendens, remains unclear since the morphological characters that purportedly support their differentiation are variable and partly shared among them. We have carried out external morphological studies, including multivariate morphometric analyses, to assess how they support the taxonomic status of these three species. We also evaluated characters of the cranial osteology of a sample of six individuals using micro CT-scanning. Principal component and linear discriminant analyses resulted in a great overlap among the putative species. Cranial osteological comparisons did not reveal highly significant differences among them, but suggested that different degrees of hyperossification could be related to the developmental state of individuals. Our results indicate that most morphological and osteological reported differences between the three species likely represent intraspecific variation. Thus, we propose that the three nominal species belong to a single biological entity, for which the name Gastrotheca splendens (Schmidt, 1857) has priority. We also restrict the name Gastrotheca coeruleomaculatus (Werner, 1899) to externally similar congeneric populations from the Yungas forests of department of La Paz, but highlighting the need of a detailed evaluation of their taxonomic identity.  

scholarly journals New records of the William’s Jerboa, Paralactaga cf. williamsi (Thomas, 1897) (Rodentia: Dipodidae) from northeastern Iran with notes on its ecology

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kordiyeh Hamidi ◽  
Jamshid Darvish ◽  
Maryam M. Matin
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
New Record ◽  
New Records ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
First Record ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
Molar Teeth

Paralactaga williamsi, a five-toed jerboa, is known to occur in Anatolian Turkey, northern Lebanon, Armenia, Azerbaijan and western Iran. Here, we report the first record of this species in Kopet-Dag Mountains, northeastern Iran. Species identification was based on external morphology, skull and molar teeth morphology and morphometrics studies, as well as molecular an­al­yses. Brief notes on the ecology of the species are also provided. This new record expands the distribution of P. williamsi in Iran about 850 km eastward, however further sampling will be needed for a better judgment on the taxonomic status of this species in eastern Iran and to determine the patterns of its distribution. Since the specimen did not group with other P. williamsi in the cytochrome b analysis, we provisionally classify the specimens as P. cf. williamsi.

scholarly journals Unravelling the Potamonautes lirrangensis (Rathbun, 1904) species complex (Potamoidea: Potamonautidae), with the description of two new species

2021 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Cumberlidge ◽  
Emily Johnson ◽  
Paul F. Clark ◽  
Martin J. Genner
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Lake Malawi ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Freshwater Crab ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Congo River ◽  
Two New Species

The taxonomic status of the widely distributed freshwater crab Potamonautes lirrangensis (Rathbun, 1904) sensu lato is revised because morphological and molecular evidence indicates that this taxon is a complex comprising more than one species. Four taxa are now recognized: Potamonautes lirrangensis (Rathbun, 1904) s. str. and P. kisangani sp. nov. from the Middle Congo River in Central Africa, P. amosae sp. nov. from the drainages of Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika, and P. orbitospinus (Cunnington, 1907) from Lake Malawi which had been previously synonymised with P. lirrangensis s. lat. Diagnoses, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for each of these taxa and they are compared to similar species from Central and Southern Africa.

The ghost bat in the Pilbara: 100 years on.

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
KN Armstrong ◽  
SD Anstee
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New Records ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Third ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Preferred Habitat

This paper summarises the roost habitat and distribution of the ghost bat, Macroderma gigas (Dobson, 1880), in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, with particular emphasis on natural habitats. The preferred habitat of M. gigas in the Hamersley Ranges appears to be caves beneath bluffs of low rounded hills composed of Marra Mamba geology. Habitats were also found in the larger hills of Brockman Iron Formation in the Hamersley Range, and other formations beneath bluffs composed of Gorge Creek Group geology to the north east. Granite rockpiles are also used in the eastern Pilbara. A summary of Pilbara records from numerous sources is presented, including anecdotal accounts and other new records. This includes a newly discovered maternity site from the Hamersley Ranges, only the third reported from natural cave formations in the region. Threats to M. gigas in the region are highlighted and include disturbances associated with mining and entanglement in barbed wire fences.

Taxonomic status of two populations of Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) with description of a new species from Nui Chua National Park, southern Vietnam

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4403 (2) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVIER S. G. PAUWELS ◽  
ROMAN A. NAZAROV ◽  
VLADIMIR V. BOBROV ◽  
NIKOLAY A. POYARKOV
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
A New Species

Based on genetic, morphological and chromatical comparisons we evaluate the taxonomic status of two southern Vietnamese forest-dwelling populations of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis species complex. We confirm the allocation of the population from Binh Chau—Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve (Ba Ria—Vung Tau Province) to C. cattienensis and we describe the population of Nui Chua National Park (Ninh Thuan Province) as Cyrtodactylus sangi sp. nov. This brings to 18 the number of species within the C. irregularis complex and to 41 the number of described Cyrtodactylus species recorded from Vietnam. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document