scholarly journals Integrative Functional Network Interactions Underlie the Association between Physical Activity and Cognition in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Miriam Sklerov ◽  
Nina Browner ◽  
Eran Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
False Discovery

Physical activity (PA) has preventive and possibly restorative effects in aging-related cognitive decline, which relate to intrinsic functional interactions (functional connectivity, FC) in large-scale brain networks. Preventive and ameliorative effects of PA on cognitive decline have also been documented in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the neural substrates that mediate the association between PA and cognitive performance under such neurological conditions remain unknown. Here we set out to examine if the association between PA and cognitive performance in PD is mediated by FC in large-scale sensorimotor and association brain networks. Data from 51 PD patients were analyzed. Connectome-level analysis based on a whole-brain parcellation showed that self-reported levels of PA were associated with increased FC between, but not within the default mode (DMN) and salience networks (SAL) (p < .05, false discovery rate corrected). Additionally, multiple parallel mediation analysis further demonstrated that FC between left lateral parietal nodes in the DMN and rostral prefrontal nodes in the SAL mediated the association between PA and executive function performance. These findings are in line with previous studies linking FC in large-scale association networks with the effects of PA on cognition in healthy aging. Our results extend these previous results by demonstrating that the association between PA and cognitive performance in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD is mediated by integrative functional interactions in large-scale association networks.

scholarly journals Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Protects from Cognitive Decline in the Invecchiare in Chianti Study of Aging

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Tanaka ◽  
Sameera Talegawkar ◽  
Yichen Jin ◽  
Marco Colpo ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Intake ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Adherence Group

Following a Mediterranean diet high in plant-based foods and fish, low in meat and dairy foods, and with moderate alcohol intake has been shown to promote healthy aging. Therefore, we examined the association between a Mediterranean diet and trajectories of cognitive performance in the InCHIANTI study. Subjects (N = 832) were examined every 2–3 years up to 18 years with an average follow-up period of 10.1 years. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) at every visit. Dietary habits were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and adherence to Mediterranean diet was computed on a scale of 0-9 and categorized into three groups of low (≤3), medium (4–5), and high (≥6). Those in the highest adherence group (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.29–0.79) and medium adherence group (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.41–0.99) were less likely to experience cognitive decline. The annual average decline in MMSE scores was 0.4 units, for those in the high and medium adherence group this decline was attenuated by 0.34 units (p < 0.001) and 0.16 units (p = 0.03), respectively. Our findings suggest that adherence to a Mediterranean diet can have long-lasting protective effects on cognitive decline and may be an effective strategy for the prevent or delay dementia.

NetBrainWork: a toolbox for studying functional interactions in large-scale brain networks in fMRI.

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Perlbarg ◽  
G Marrelec ◽  
P Bellec ◽  
D Coynel ◽  
M Pélégrini-Issac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Functional Interactions

scholarly journals ESPO/ Behavioral and Social Sciences Section Symposium: Promoting Behaviors That Support Healthy Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 586-587
Author(s):  
Elliane Irani ◽  
Briana Sprague ◽  
Luke Stoeckel
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Healthy Behaviors

Abstract Maintaining healthy behaviors has been linked to positive emotional and physical health outcomes. Older adults are at a greater risk for functional decline and can benefit from the protective effects of health behaviors. The purpose of this symposium is to present and highlight: (1) innovative research linking health behaviors and health outcomes among older adults, and (2) work of emerging scholars in the Behavioral and Social Sciences (BSS) section. The papers highlight findings from descriptive studies and randomized trials testing behavioral health interventions. O’Brien and Hess describe patterns of engagement in health-promoting activities and highlight mediating and moderator factors. Fausto and colleagues report on physical activity and cognitive health benefits of a multi-level intervention focused on heart and brain health for older African American residents of public and subsidized housing. Still and colleagues assess the efficacy of a multi-component technology-based intervention on hypertension self-management in African American older adults. Nehrkorn-Bailey and colleagues report on the pilot testing of AgingPLUS, an intervention targeting attitudinal and motivational barriers to physical activity and highlight improvements in grip strength and blood pressure. Lastly, Wierenga and colleagues test an emotion regulation intervention following a cardiac event and highlight the intervention’s potential efficacy in improving mental health and physical activity. These papers underscore the importance of promoting healthy behaviors in older adults and the need for large-scale interventions that support healthy aging. As discussant, Atienza will assess the strengths and limitations of these papers, and consider how emerging scholars can contribute to the field.

Characteristics of Healthy Older Adults that Influence Self-rated Cognitive Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce P. Mulligan ◽  
Colette M. Smart ◽  
Sidney J. Segalowitz ◽  
Stuart W.S. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Function

AbstractObjectives: We sought to clarify the nature of self-reported cognitive function among healthy older adults by considering the short-term, within-person association (coupling) of subjective cognitive function with objective cognitive performance. We expected this within-person coupling to differ between persons as a function of self-perceived global cognitive decline and depression, anxiety, or neuroticism. Methods: This was an intensive measurement (short-term longitudinal) study of 29 older adult volunteers between the ages of 65 and 80 years without an existing diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Baseline assessment included neuropsychological testing and self-reported depression, anxiety, and neuroticism, as well as self- and informant-reported cognitive decline (relative to 10 years previously). Intensive within-person measurement occasions included subjective ratings of cognitive function paired with performance on a computerized working memory (n-back) task; each participant attended four or five assessments separated by intervals of at least one day. Statistical analysis was comprised of multilevel linear regression. Results: Comparison of models suggested that both neuroticism and self-rated cognitive decline explained unique variance in the within-person, across-occasion coupling of subjective cognitive function with objective working memory performance. Conclusions: Self-ratings of cognition may accurately reflect day-to-day variations in objective cognitive performance among older adults, especially for individuals lower in neuroticism and higher in self-reported cognitive decline. Clinicians should consider these individual differences when determining the validity of complaints about perceived cognitive declines in the context of otherwise healthy aging. (JINS, 2018, 24, 57–66)

Physical Activity and Psychological Distress in Older Men: Findings From the New South Wales 45 and Up Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma S. George ◽  
Louisa Jorm ◽  
Gregory S. Kolt ◽  
Hilary Bambrick ◽  
Sanja Lujic
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Very High

Physical activity is an important factor in healthy aging and has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms. This association, however, is relatively understudied in older men. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the association between physical activity (Active Australia Survey) and psychological distress (Kessler-10). Participants were a sample of 17,689 men age ≥65 yr drawn from a large-scale Australian cohort study of people age 45 years and over (The 45 and Up Study). The likelihood of reporting high or very high levels of psychological distress decreased with increasing weekly sessions of physical activity. Compared with participants reporting no sessions of physical activity, the fully adjusted odds ratio for high or very high psychological distress was .66 (95% CI .51–.85) for men who undertook 1–6 sessions of physical activity per week and decreased to .57 (95% CI, .43–.79) for men who reported 16 or more weekly sessions. The cross-sectional findings show that older men who are more active are less likely to report psychological distress, regardless of their level of functional limitation. Further research, informed by these findings, is required to investigate causal pathways and the temporal sequence of events.

scholarly journals White Matter Integrity Underlies the Physical-Cognitive Correlations in Subjective Cognitive Decline

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chia Wei ◽  
Chih-Chin Heather Hsu ◽  
Wen-Yi Huang ◽  
Yao-Liang Chen ◽  
Chemin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Corona Radiata ◽  
Moca Score

Objective: Although previous studies postulated that physical and cognitive decline codeveloped in preclinical dementia, the interconnected relationship among subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs), objective cognitive performance, and physical activity remained hazy. We investigated the mediating roles of physical activity between subjective and objective cognition. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was utilized to test our hypothesis that brain white matter microstructural changes underlie the physical-cognitive decline in subjective cognitive decline (SCD).Methods: We enrolled cognitively normal older adults aged &gt; 50 years in the Community Medicine Research Center of Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital during 2017–2020. Regression models analyzed mediation effects of physical activity between subjective and objective cognition. The self-reported AD8 questionnaire assessed SCCs. The SCD group, defined by AD8 score ≥ 2, further underwent diffusion MRI scans. Those who agreed to record actigraphy also wore the SOMNOwatch™ for 72 h. Spearman's correlation coefficients evaluated the associations of diffusion indices with physical activity and cognitive performance.Results: In 95 cognitively normal older adults, the AD8 score and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score were mediated partially by the metabolic equivalent of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF MET) and fully by the sarcopenia score SARC-F. That is, the relation between SCCs and poorer cognitive performance was mediated by physical inactivity. The DTI analysis of 31 SCD participants found that the MoCA score correlated with mean diffusivity at bilateral inferior cerebellar peduncles and the pyramids segment of right corticospinal tract [p &lt; 0.05, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected]. The IPAQ-SF MET was associated with fractional anisotropy (FA) at the right posterior corona radiata (PCR) (p &lt; 0.05, FDR corrected). In 15 SCD participants who completed actigraphy recording, the patterns of physical activity in terms of intradaily variability and interdaily stability highly correlated with FA of bilateral PCR and left superior corona radiata (p &lt; 0.05, FDR corrected).Conclusions: This study addressed the role of physical activity in preclinical dementia. Physical inactivity mediated the relation between higher SCCs and poorer cognitive performance. The degeneration of specific white matter tracts underlay the co-development process of physical-cognitive decline in SCD.

scholarly journals Avalanche criticality in individuals, fluid intelligence and working memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longzhou Xu ◽  
Lianchun Yu ◽  
Jianfeng Feng
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Transition Diagram ◽  
Disorder Phase Transition

AbstractThe critical brain hypothesis suggests that efficient neural computation can be realized by neural dynamics characterized by a scale-free avalanche activity. However, the relation between human cognitive performance and the avalanche criticality in large-scale brain networks remains unclear. In this study, we used the phase synchronization analysis to determine the location of individual brains in the order-disorder phase transition diagram. We then performed avalanche analysis to identify subjects whose brain dynamics are close to the criticality. We showed that complexity in functional connectivity, as well as structure-function coupling, is maximized around criticality, inconsistent with theory predictions. Finally, we showed evidence that the neural dynamics of human participants with higher fluid intelligence and working memory scores are closer to criticality. The regional analysis showed it is the prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex whose critical dynamics exhibit significant positive correlations with human cognitive performance. Our findings suggested that large-scale brain networks operate around a critical point to optimize human cognitive performance.

Effect of Physical Inactivity on Cognitive Performance after 2.5 Years of Follow-Up

GeroPsych ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Aichberger ◽  
M.A. Busch ◽  
F.M. Reischies ◽  
A. Ströhle ◽  
A. Heinz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Somatic Comorbidities

Objective: To examine the association between physical activity and cognitive performance in a longitudinal study. Methods: We analyzed data from 17.333 noninstitutionalized persons aged 50 years or older in 11 European countries who participated in Wave 1 (2004/2005) and Wave 2 (2006/2007) of the Survey of Heath, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Physical activity at baseline was measured as self-reported frequency of sports or activities requiring vigorous activity, and frequency of activities demanding a moderate level of activity. Cognitive function was measured at baseline and after a mean of 2.5 years of follow-up by delayed word recall and verbal fluency tests. The effects of physical activity at baseline on cognitive performance at follow-up were assessed in hierarchical multilevel random effects models adjusted for sociodemographic variables (age, education), somatic comorbidities, functional impairment (basic and instrumental activities of daily living, maximum grip strength), depressive symptoms, and body mass index. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, we found physical inactivity (neither moderate nor vigorous) to be associated with a higher rate of cognitive decline over a mean follow-up of 2.5 years (β = –1.79 (SE = 0.17) for verbal fluency; β = –0.35 (SE = 0.04) for delayed word recall). Further analyses showed that vigorous activities more than once a week were especially related to change in cognition over time. Conclusion: Engagement in moderate and vigorous physical activities protects against cognitive decline in older age. Participation in physical activities may be of particular importance when other risk factors for cognitive decline are present.

Cerebral Organization of Music Processing

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-121
Author(s):  
Thenille Braun Janzen ◽  
Michael H. Thaut
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Functional Basis ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
New Generation

This chapter presents a broad panorama of the current knowledge concerning the anatomical and functional basis of music processing in the healthy brain. Neuroimaging studies developed over the past 20 years provide evidence that music processing takes place in widely distributed neural networks. Here, attention is focused on core brain networks implicated in music processing, emphasizing the anatomical and functional interactions between cortical and subcortical areas within auditory-frontal networks, auditory-motor networks, and auditory-limbic networks. Finally, the authors review recent studies investigating how brain networks organize themselves in a naturalistic music listening context. Collectively, this robust body of literature demonstrates that music processing requires timely coordination of large-scale cognitive, motor, and limbic brain networks, setting the stage for a new generation of music neuroscience research on the dynamic organization of brain networks underlying music processing.

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