scholarly journals Group B rotavirus encodes a functional fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia R. Diller ◽  
Helen M. Parrington ◽  
John T. Patton ◽  
Kristen M. Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
Nsp1 Gene ◽  
Fast Proteins ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cultured Human Cells ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACTRotavirus is an important cause of diarrheal disease in young mammals. Group A rotavirus (RVA) causes most human rotavirus diarrheal disease and primarily affects infants and young children. Group B rotavirus (RVB) has been associated with sporadic outbreaks of human adult diarrheal disease. RVA and RVB are predicted to encode mostly homologous proteins but differ significantly in the proteins encoded by the NSP1 gene. In the case of RVB, the NSP1 gene encodes two putative protein products of unknown function, NSP1-1 and NSP1-2. We demonstrate that human RVB NSP1-1 mediates syncytia formation in cultured human cells. Based on sequence alignment, NSP1-1 from groups B, G, and I contain features consistent with fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins, which have previously been identified in other Reoviridae viruses. Like some other FAST proteins, RVB NSP1-1 is predicted to have an N-terminal myristoyl modification. Addition of an N-terminal FLAG peptide disrupts NSP1-1-mediated fusion, consistent with a role for this fatty-acid modification in NSP1-1 function. NSP1-1 from a human RVB mediates fusion of human cells but not hamster cells and, thus, may serve as a species tropism determinant. NSP1-1 also can enhance RVA replication in human cells, both in single-cycle infection studies and during a multi-cycle time course in the presence of fetal bovine serum, which inhibits rotavirus spread. These findings suggest potential yet untested roles for NSP1-1 in RVB species tropism, immune evasion, and pathogenesis.IMPORTANCEWhile group A rotavirus is commonly associated with diarrheal disease in young children, group B rotavirus has caused sporadic outbreaks of adult diarrheal disease. A major genetic difference between group A and B rotaviruses is the NSP1 gene, which encodes two proteins for group B rotavirus. We demonstrate that the smaller of these proteins, NSP1-1, can mediate fusion of cultured human cells. Comparison with viral proteins of similar function provides insight into NSP1-1 domain organization and fusion mechanism. Our findings are consistent with an important role for a fatty acid modification at the amino terminus of the protein in mediating its function. NSP1-1 from a human virus mediates fusion of human cells, but not hamster cells, and enhances rotavirus replication in culture. These findings suggest potential, but currently untested, roles for NSP1-1 in RVB species tropism, immune evasion, and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Rotavirus Species B Encodes a Functional Fusion-Associated Small Transmembrane Protein

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia R. Diller ◽  
Helen M. Parrington ◽  
John T. Patton ◽  
Kristen M. Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Amino Terminus ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
Human Virus ◽  
Nsp1 Gene ◽  
Fast Proteins ◽  
Cultured Human Cells

ABSTRACT Rotavirus is an important cause of diarrheal disease in young mammals. Rotavirus species A (RVA) causes most human rotavirus diarrheal disease and primarily affects infants and young children. Rotavirus species B (RVB) has been associated with sporadic outbreaks of human adult diarrheal disease. RVA and RVB are predicted to encode mostly homologous proteins but differ significantly in the proteins encoded by the NSP1 gene. In the case of RVB, the NSP1 gene encodes two putative protein products of unknown function, NSP1-1 and NSP1-2. We demonstrate that human RVB NSP1-1 mediates syncytium formation in cultured human cells. Based on sequence alignment, NSP1-1 proteins from species B, G, and I contain features consistent with fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins, which have previously been identified in other genera of the Reoviridae family. Like some other FAST proteins, RVB NSP1-1 is predicted to have an N-terminal myristoyl modification. Addition of an N-terminal FLAG peptide disrupts NSP1-1-mediated fusion. NSP1-1 from a human RVB mediates fusion of human cells but not hamster cells and, thus, may serve as a species tropism determinant. NSP1-1 also can enhance RVA replication in human cells, both in single-cycle infection studies and during a multicycle time course in the presence of fetal bovine serum, which inhibits rotavirus spread. These findings suggest potential yet untested roles for NSP1-1 in RVB species tropism, immune evasion, and pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE While species A rotavirus is commonly associated with diarrheal disease in young children, species B rotavirus has caused sporadic outbreaks of adult diarrheal disease. A major genetic difference between species A and B rotaviruses is the NSP1 gene, which encodes two proteins for species B rotavirus. We demonstrate that the smaller of these proteins, NSP1-1, can mediate fusion of cultured human cells. Comparison with viral proteins of similar function provides insight into NSP1-1 domain organization and fusion mechanism. These comparisons suggest that there is a fatty acid modification at the amino terminus of the protein, and our results show that an intact amino terminus is required for NSP1-1-mediated fusion. NSP1-1 from a human virus mediates fusion of human cells, but not hamster cells, and enhances species A rotavirus replication in culture. These findings suggest potential, but currently untested, roles for NSP1-1 in RVB host species tropism, immune evasion, and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Covalent binding of fatty acid to the transferrin receptor in cultured human cells.

1981 ◽  
Vol 256 (10) ◽  
pp. 4715-4718 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Omary ◽  
I.S. Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Cultured Human Cells

Fatty acid-independent inhibition of hepatic ketone body production by insulin in humans

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. E694-E699 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Keller ◽  
P. P. Gerber ◽  
W. Stauffacher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Group B ◽  
Body Production

To investigate whether elevated plasma insulin or glucagon concentrations are capable of modifying hepatic ketogenesis independently of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations, ketone body production was determined by [3–14C]acetoacetate infusions in overnight-fasted normal subjects during exogenous supply of FFA (Intralipid and heparin infusion). When plasma FFA concentrations were elevated from 0.73 +/- 0.07 to 1.53 +/- 0.16 mmol/l during low insulin concentrations (approximately equal to 13 microU/ml) in group A (n = 7), total ketone body production increased from 3.6 +/- 0.6 to 8.2 +/- 1.0 mumol.kg-1.min-1 (P less than 0.001). When plasma FFA were similarly elevated during raised plasma insulin concentrations (approximately equal to 110 microU/ml) in group B (n = 5), total ketone body production was only 3.8 +/- 0.8 mumol.kg-1.min-1 (P less than 0.01 vs. group A). Low plasma FFA and low insulin concentrations resulted in total ketone body production of 0.70 +/- 0.18 mumol.kg-1.min-1 in group C (n = 7; P less than 0.01 vs. groups A and B). Elevation of plasma glucagon during Intralipid infusion in group D (n = 7) failed to affect ketogenesis, but the beta-hydroxybutyrate-to-acetoacetate concentration ratio decreased significantly (P less than 0.01). The data indicate that elevation of plasma insulin to high physiological concentrations restrains FFA-induced ketogenesis.

Some nutritional implications of group-feeding hill sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Z. Foot ◽  
A. J. F. Russel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Group ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYIn the first experiment two groups of 11 Scottish Blackface ewes were given either 6·10 kg dried grass pellets plus 1·63 kg chopped dried grass daily (Group A) or 8·17 kg hay plus 1·32 kg oat pellets (Group B). During a 10-day experimental period individual dry-matter intakes ranged from 484 to 939 g/day (CV 22·3%) in Group A and from 613 to 883 g/day (CV 13·3%) in Group B. In Group B dry-matter intakes from oats were much more variable (10 to 149 g/day; CV 35·8%) than those from hay (530 to 762 g/day; CV 12·9%). Plasma protein-bound iodine (PBI) concentrations were significantly higher in the Group A sheep.In the second experiment the treatments were: group-penned, group-fed (GG); group-penned, individually fed (GI); and individually penned, individually fed (II). Within each treatment there were two groups of 12 ewes; one group was given a high level of feeding (H) and the other a low level (L) for a 7-week experimental period. Allowances of pelleted concentrates ranged from 7 to 15 g/kg in the L groups and from 18 to 26 g/kg in the H groups. The same mean quantities per kg were given to GG sheep, and food intakes ranged from 5·7 to 17·7 g/kg (CV 25·3%) in GGL and from 12·5 to 30·8 g/kg (CV 24·8%) in GGH. Plasma PBI concentrations were significantly higher in L sheep than in H sheep, and higher in GG than in II. Plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were significantly higher in L sheep than in H sheep and higher in GG than in GI and II.The principal factors determining variations in food intakes between individual animals fed in groups and some of the nutritional implications of group-feeding sheep are discussed.

Influence of hypothyroidism on the lipolytic activity of norepinephrine in the newborn lamb

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wrutniak ◽  
G. Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Newborn Lamb ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Infusion Of Norepinephrine ◽  
Medium Group

ABSTRACT The effects of hypothyroidism on the lipolytic activity of norepinephrine were assessed in the newborn lamb. Lambs were separated into three groups: group A were controls; groups B and C were made hypothyroid by administration of benzylthiouracil from birth until 11 days of age. In control lambs, plasma free fatty acid concentrations, used as an index of lipolytic activity, increased significantly (plus 0·45 mmol/l) during the infusion of norepinephrine, whereas they did not change in hypothyroid lambs (group B). Adding thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine to the infusion medium (group C) immediately restored the free fatty acid response to norepinephrine in hypothyroid lambs (plus 0·41 mmol/l). These results suggest that thyroid hormones could modulate the lipolytic activity of catecholamines in the newborn lamb without a latent period. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 451–454

Effects of certain long-chain fatty acid combinations on the ruminal microbe species relating to fermentation type in vitro

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Jing ◽  
Y. F. Wang ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
J. L. Ouyang ◽  
L. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Long Chain

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of certain long-chain fatty acid combinations on ruminal microbial community in vitro. Three cows fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were used to provide rumen liquor for the in vitro trail. The treatments were fatty acid combinations of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, which respectively were group A (calcium palmitate, control), B (1.5%, 1.0%, 0.5% and 1.5%, acetic type fermentation), C (1.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 1.0%, propionic acid type fermentation), D (1.0%, 1.5%, 1.5% and 0.5%, butyric acid type fermentation). Three goats fitted with rumen cannula were used to provide the culture medium was collected for the measurement of the rumen microorganism in vitro culture. Culture medium was collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. The results demonstrated that, except for Ruminococcus albus, all the other bacterial genus had significant differences between groups (P less than 0.05). The Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcusflavefaciens, Clostridium proteoclasticum and Ruminobacter amylophilus were higher in group B; Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Megasphaera elsdenii and Ruminococcus bromii were higher in group C; while Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis was higher in group D. Different higher species in different treatments described above related to their fermentation type. It was also observed that, bacteria were the dominant flora in rumen and Megasphaera elsdeniiwere the dominant species in bacterial fraction no matter what the treatment is. It was therefore concluded that, certain fatty acid combinations have remarkable effects on the amount of ruminal specific bacteria species,mainly related to their fermentation type.

scholarly journals Slaughter yield and fatty acid profiles of fillets of pike (Esox lucius L.) caught before and after spawning

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Zakęś ◽  
Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko ◽  
Mirosław Szczepkowski ◽  
Monika Modzelewska-Kapituła ◽  
Barbara Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the impact pike fishing season (before spawning in fall (group A) and after spawning in spring (group B)) had on the slaughter yield and fillet fatty acid profile. The slaughter yield of fillets with skin and skinned fillets from the group B fish was significantly lower (by approximately 7.5% of body weight). The fatty acid profile of the fish meat from the groups examined differed significantly. The fillets of pike caught before spawning were dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), while those from fish caught after spawning had mainly saturated fatty acids (SFA). The share of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the fillets of fish that had spawned was sixfold lower, and the n-3 PUFA differences were nearly ninefold. The content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids in fillets of fish that had spawned was ninefold lower than in those that had not yet done so. Consequently, the ratio of n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA in pike from group A was over three times higher than that in the fish that had spawned (2.61 vs 0.82). Fillets from pike that have spawned are a significantly poorer source of valuable fatty acids for consumers.

scholarly journals Effect of Fish Oil, Virgin Coconut Oil, and Used-Cooking Oil Consumption on Hematological Profile in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Mas Rizky A.A. Syamsunarno ◽  
Dinar F. Agustin ◽  
Neni Anggraeni ◽  
Nia Kania
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Hematological Profile ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Humans require macronutrients and micronutrients to fulfill daily energy requirements, and triglyceride is a notable example, belonging to the fat family. This is particularly consumed frequently, and is composed of glycerol, and the fatty acid, specifically differentiated into unsaturated, saturated, trans, and cis forms. Furthermore, these constituents are known to play many roles in the body, including in the hematopoietic process. This involves oxidation and consequently stem cell differentiation into many blood cells in long-term, although the effect short-term is currently unknown. The study aimed, therefore, to investigate the effect of short-term intake of different fatty acid types on hematological profile in an animal model, conducted at the Animal Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran in October 2018. In addition, each group comprised 6 mice, orally administered distilled water as control (Group A), fish oil (Group B), virgin coconut oil (Group C), and used-cooking oil (Group D), at a dose of 5 μl/g body weight/day for 2 weeks. Subsequently, analysis was performed using blood measurement with hematology analyzer. The results showed lower white blood cell (WBC) count in Group B compared to D (p<0.05), alongside lymphocyte count (p<0.01). Moreover, the WBC in Group C was lower than D (p<0.01), also observed in lymphocyte count (p<0.001), % lymphocyte (p<0.01), while the % granulocyte count was higher than group D (p<0.01). Therefore, the highest total leukocyte and lymphocyte number among the other groups, as well as higher percentage of differential lymphocyte count was observed with mice provided with used-cooking oil compared to coconut oil, alongside a lower percentage of differential granulocyte count (p<0.05). However, fatty acid intake in group A, B, C, and D had no significant impact on RBC and platelet parameters. In conclusion, used-cooking oil induces a change in hematological profiles compared to fish oil and virgin coconut oil, featuring the increased total white blood cells and lymphocyte, as well as reduced % granulocyte.Keywords: Fatty acid, hematological profile, leucocyte Efek Pemberian Minyak Ikan, Minyak Kelapa Murni, dan Minyak Jelantah Terhadap Profil Hematologi MencitAbstrakManusia membutuhkan makronutrien dan mikronutrien untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi harian. Salah satu sumber makronutrien adalah trigliserida yang merupakan salah satu jenis lemak yang paling sering dikonsumsi. Senyawa ini tersusun atas asam lemak dan gliserol. Terdapat banyak jenis asam lemak seperti asam lemak jenuh, asam lemak tidak jenuh, asam lemak trans, dan asam lemak cis. Rantai asam lemak memiliki banyak peran dalam tubuh, salah satunya adalah hematopoiesis sel stem. Pada konsumsi lemak jangka panjang, hematopoiesis ini terjadi melalui oksidasi asam lemak yang selanjutnya akan menstimulasi diferensiasi sel stem menjadi sel-sel darah di perifer, tetapi efeknya dalam jangka pendek belum diketahui. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efek jangka pendek dari konsumsi berbagai jenis asam lemak terhadap profil hematologi mencit yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Hewan, Universitas Padjadjaran pada Oktober 2018. Mencit diberikan air suling sebagai kontrol (Grup A), minyak ikan (Grup B), minyak kelapa murni (Grup C), dan minyak jelantah (Grup D) dengan dosis 5μl/g berat badan/hari secara oral selama dua minggu. Profil hematologi diukur menggunakan hematology analyzer. Hasilnya, grup B memiliki jumlah leukosit lebih rendah dibandingkan grup D (p<0,05) dan limfosit yang lebih rendah dibandingkan grup D (p<0,01). Grup C memiliki jumlah leukosit lebih rendah dibandingkan grup D (p<0,01), jumlah limfosit yang lebih rendah dibandingkan grup D (p<0,001), % limfosit lebih rendah dibanding grup D (p<0,01), dan % granulosit lebih tinggi dibanding grup D (p<0,01). Selain itu, konsumsi asam lemak pada grup A, B, C, dan D tidak memengaruhi indeks RBC dan platelet secara signifikan. Sebagai simpulan, minyak jelantah memberikan efek terhadap perubahan profil hematologi mencit dibandingkan minyak ikan dan minyak kelapa murni, yaitu meningkatkan leukosit dan limfosit dan menurunkan % granulosit.Kata kunci: Asam lemak, leukosit, profil hematologi

scholarly journals Novel Urinary Biomarkers and Chronic Kidney Disease After Coronary Angiography: A Prospective Case-Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 1029-1035
Author(s):  
Amin Roshdy Soliman ◽  
Ahmed Yosry ◽  
Hussein H. Samir ◽  
Tarek Abdelaziz ◽  
Haytham Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUND: Novel urinary biomarkers may have potential for early detection of acute kidney injury. AIM: The aim of the study was to test two urinary biomarkers: Kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1) and liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) as markers of kidney injury following coronary angiography. METHODS: This is a prospective non-randomized controlled trial, performed in two large teaching hospitals. Patients were recruited from the catheter lab or form nephrology outpatient clinics. In group (A), 100 patients with AKI on top of CKD after coronary angiography and Group B: Thirty-one patients with stable CKD as a control. KIM-1 and L-FABP were measured at base line and after 3 months. RESULTS: In group (A), 100 patients who had acute on top of CKD after coronary angiography, stage progression occurred in 15 patients in group (A) compared to two patients in group (B) (p = 0.28). The median change in eGFR after 3 months was not statistically significant between both groups (p = 0.8). Median baseline urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein was higher in Group A compared to Group B (3.7 μg/g vs. 1.82μg/g). The change in L-FABP from baseline to 3 months was significant between both groups (p < 0.001). The median urinary concentrations of KIM-1 and L-FABP were higher at the end of the follow-up compared to base line values in both groups, (p < 0.000). CONCLUSION: Urinary L-FABP correlates with kidney function decline in patients with acute on top of CKD after coronary angiography. Urinary levels of KIM-1 and L-FABP at 3 months increase significantly compared to baseline in patients with progressive CKD.

The role of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein in the evaluation of carbon monoxide poisoning in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turker Yardan ◽  
Murat Meric ◽  
Ayhan Bozkurt ◽  
Sirri Bilge ◽  
Duygu Belkis Bas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Co Poisoning ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can cause early and persistent damages in tissues sensitive to hypoxia. This study investigated serum heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) levels as a biomarker of acute CO poisoning in rats. The rats were exposed to a mixture of either 3000 (group A) or 5000 (group B) parts per million (ppm) CO in air, or to ambient air (group C, control group). Blood samples were taken just before, immediately after and 6 hours after the exposure, and serum H-FABP and troponin-I levels were measured. The consciousness level was evaluated just after the exposure. The survival rate was monitored for 7 days. Serum H-FABP levels increased just after the CO exposure in both groups A and B. Additionally, H-FABP level was higher in group B than in group A, immediately after the exposure. However, serum troponin-I levels only increased at 6 hours after the CO exposure in groups A and B. Consciousness and survival rates in group B were lower than that in group A. Our results suggest that H-FABP might have potential to be an early and quantitative parameter of clinical severity and prognosis in CO poisoning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document