scholarly journals Identification of essential oils with activity against stationary phase Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhen Xiao ◽  
Peng Cui ◽  
Wanliang Shi ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Sandalwood Oil

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is the most dominant human pathogen, responsible for a variety of chronic and severe infections. There is mounting evidence that persisters are associated with treatment failure and relapse of persistent infections. While some essential oils were reported to have antimicrobial activity against growing S. aureus, activity of essential oils against the non-growing stationary phase S. aureus enriched in persisters has not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the activity of 143 essential oils against stationary phase S. aureus and identified 39 essential oils (Cinnamon bark, Oregano, Thyme white, Bandit “Thieves”, Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), Sandalwood oil, Health shield, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa, Cinnamon leaf, Clove bud, Citronella, Geranium bourbon, Marjoram, Peppermint, Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), Cornmint, Elemi, Ho wood, Head ease, Lemon eucalyptus, Litsea cubeba, Myrrh, Parsley seed, Coriander oil, Dillweed, Hyssop, Neroli, Rosewood oil, Tea tree, Cajeput, Glove bud, Lavender, Sleep tight, Vetiver, Palo santo, Sage oil, Yarrow) at 0.5% concentration, 10 essential oils (Cinnamon bark, Oregano, Thyme white, Bandit “Thieves”, Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), Sandalwood oil, Health shield, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa) at 0.25% concentration, and 7 essential oils (Cinnamon bark, Oregano, Thyme white, Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa) at 0.125% concentration to have high activity against stationary phase S. aureus with no visible growth on agar plates after five-day exposure. Among the 10 essential oils which showed high activity at 0.25% concentration, 9 (Cinnamon bark, Oregano, Thyme white, Bandit “Thieves”, Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), Health shield, Allspice, Palmarosa, Amyris) showed higher activity than the known persister drug tosufloxacin, while the other one (Sandalwood oil) was found to be active at a higher concentration. In Oregano essential oil drug combination studies with clinical antibiotics, Oregano plus quinolone drugs (tosufloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) and rifampin completely eradicated all stationary phase S. aureus cells, but had no apparent enhancement for linezolid, vancomycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin and gentamicin. Our findings may facilitate development of more effective treatment for persistent S. aureus infections.

scholarly journals Essential Oils with High Activity against Stationary Phase Bartonella henselae

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Wanliang Shi ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
High Activity ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Cinnamon Bark

Bartonella henselae is a fastidious Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that can cause cat scratch disease, endocarditis in humans and animals, as well as other complications, leading to acute or chronic infections. The current treatment for Bartonella infections is not very effective presumably due to bacterial persistence. To develop better therapies for persistent and chronic Bartonella infections, in this study, with the help of SYBR Green I/PI viability assay, we performed a high-throughput screening of an essential oil library against the stationary phase B. henselae. We successfully identified 32 essential oils that had high activity, including four essential oils extracted from Citrus plants, three from Origanum, three from Cinnamomum, two from Pelargonium, and two from Melaleuca, as well as frankincense, ylang-ylang, fir needle, mountain savory (winter), citronella, spearmint, elemi, vetiver, clove bud, allspice, and cedarwood essential oils. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of these 32 top hits indicated they were not only active against stationary phase non-growing B. henselae but also had good activity against log-phase growing B. henselae. The time-kill assay showed 13 active hits, including essential oils of oregano, cinnamon bark, mountain savory (winter), cinnamon leaf, geranium, clove bud, allspice, geranium bourbon, ylang-ylang, citronella, elemi, and vetiver, could eradicate all stationary phase B. henselae cells within seven days at the concentration of 0.032% (v/v). Two active ingredients, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde, of oregano and cinnamon bark essential oils, respectively, were shown to be very active against the stationary phase B. henselae such that they were able to eradicate all the bacterial cells even at the concentration ≤ 0.01% (v/v). More studies are needed to identify the active components of some potent essential oils, decode their antimicrobial mechanisms, and evaluate their activity against Bartonella infections in animal models.

scholarly journals Essential Oils with High Activity Against Stationary Phase Bartonella Henselae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Wanliang Shi ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
High Activity ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Cinnamon Bark

Bartonella henselae is a fastidious Gram-negative intracellular bacterium which can cause cat scratch disease, endocarditis in humans and animals as well as other complications, leading to acute or chronic infections. The current treatment for Bartonella infections is not very effective due to antibiotic resistance and also persistence. To develop better therapies for persistent and chronic Bartonella infections, in this study, with the help of SYBR Green I/PI viability assay, we performed a high-throughput screening of an essential oil library against stationary phase B. henselae. We successfully identified 32 essential oils that had high activity, including four essential oils extracted from Citrus plants, three from Origanum, three from Cinnamomum, two from Pelargonium and two from Melaleuca, as well as frankincense, ylang ylang, fir needle, mountain savory (winter), citronella, spearmint, elemi, vetiver, clove bud, allspice and cedarwood essential oils. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of these 32 top hits indicated they were not only active against stationary phase non-growing B. henselae but also had good activity against log phase growing B. henselae. The time-kill curve by drug exposure assay showed 13 active hits, including essential oils of oregano, cinnamon bark, mountain savory (winter), cinnamon leaf, geranium, clove bud, allspice, geranium bourbon, ylang ylang, citronella, elemi and vetiver, could eradicate all stationary phase B. henselae cells within 7 days at the concentration of 0.032% (v/v). Two active ingredients, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde, of oregano and cinnamon bark essential oils, respectively, were shown to be very active against stationary phase B. henselae such that they were able to eradicate all the bacterial cells even at the concentration ≤ 0.01% (v/v). Our finding of active essential oils may help to develop more effective treatments for persistent Bartonella infections.

scholarly journals Additional Essential Oils with High Activity against Stationary PhaseBorrelia burgdorferi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Feng ◽  
Wanliang Shi ◽  
Judith Miklossy ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Stationary Phase Culture ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Litsea Cubeba

ABSTRACTLyme disease is the most common vector borne-disease in the US. While the majority of the Lyme disease patients can be cured with 2-4 week antibiotic treatment, about 10-20% of patients continue to suffer from persisting symptoms. While the cause of this condition is unclear, persistent infection was proposed as one possibility. It has recently been shown thatB. burgdorferidevelops dormant persisters in stationary phase cultures that are not killed by the current Lyme antibiotics, and there is interest to identify novel drug candidates that more effectively kill such forms. We previously evaluated 34 essential oils and identified some highly active candidates with excellent activity against biofilm and stationary phaseB. burgdorferi.Here we screened another 35 essential oils and found 10 essential oils (garlic, allspice, cumin, palmarosa, myrrh, hedycheim, amyris, thyme white, litsea cubeba, lemon eucalyptus) and the active component of cinnamon bark cinnamaldehyde (CA) at a low concentration of 0.1% to have high activity against stationary phaseB. burgdorferi.At a very low 0.05% concentration, garlic, allspice, palmarosa and CA still exhibited strong activity against the stationary phaseB. burgdorferi. CA also showed strong activity against replicatingB. burgdorferi, with a MIC of 0.02% (or 0.2 μg/mL). In subculture studies, the top 5 hits garlic, allspice, myrrh, hedycheim, and litsea cubeba completely eradicated allB. burgdorferistationary phase cells at 0.1%, while palmarosa, lemon eucalyptus, amyris, cumin, and thyme white failed to do so as shown by visible spirochetal growth after 21-day subculture. At 0.05% concentration, only garlic essential oil and CA sterilized theB. burgdorferistationary phase culture as shown by no regrowth during subculture, while allspice, myrrh, hedycheim and litsea cubeba all had visible growth during subculture. Future studies are needed to determine if these highly active essential oils could eradicate persistentB. burgdorferiinfection in vivo.

scholarly journals Combination Effects of Cymbopogon sp. Essential Oil on Selected Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Aishah Abdul Wahab ◽  
Hairul Shahril Muhamad ◽  
Nabilah Ahmad Alhadi ◽  
Salina Mat Radzi ◽  
Maryam Mohamed Rehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Combination Effects ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Combination Study

Combination effects between Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon nardus essential oils were studied to determine whether the combination could emerge as better and more powerful antimicrobial agents against six selected bacteria includes Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. This combination study exhibited 40.67% additive, 28.67% antagonistic, 16.00% indifferent and 14.66% synergistic effects. C. flexuosus and C. nardus essential oils in combination showed a high inhibitory activity against S. aureus with 16% synergistic, 64% additive and 20% indifferent effects.

scholarly journals Identification of essential oils with strong activity against stationary phase uropathogenic Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhen Xiao ◽  
Peng Cui ◽  
Wanliang Shi ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Combination Studies ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractEscherichia coli is the most dominant pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), but the current most frequently prescribed antibiotics do not always effectively cure the infection due to quiescent persister bacteria. While it has been reported that some essential oils have antimicrobial activity against growing E. coli, the activity of essential oils against the non-growing stationary phase E. coli which is enriched in persisters has not been investigated. We evaluated the activity of 140 essential oils against stationary phase uropathogenic E. coli UTI89 and identified 39, 8 and 3 essential oils at 0.5%, 0.25% and 0.125% concentrations to have high activity against stationary phase E. coli. Among the top eight essential oils, Oregano showed higher activity than the known persister drug tosufloxacin. The other top seven hits included Allspice, Bandit "Thieves", Cinnamon bark, Syzygium aromaticum, Health shield, Cinnamon leaf and Clove bud. In Oregano essential oil drug combination studies with common UTI antibiotics, Oregano plus quinolone drugs (tosufloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) completely eradicated all stationary phase E. coli cells, partially enhanced the activity of nitrofurantoin, but had no apparent enhancement for fosfomycin, meropenem and cefdinir. Our findings may facilitate development of more effective treatments for persistent UTIs.

scholarly journals Identification of Essential Oils with Strong Activity against Stationary Phase Borrelia burgdorferi

Antibiotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Feng ◽  
Wanliang Shi ◽  
Judith Miklossy ◽  
Genevieve Tauxe ◽  
Conor McMeniman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Litsea Cubeba

Lyme disease is the most common vector borne-disease in the United States (US). While the majority of the Lyme disease patients can be cured with 2–4 weeks antibiotic treatment, about 10–20% of patients continue to suffer from persisting symptoms. While the cause of this condition is unclear, persistent infection was proposed as one possibility. It has recently been shown that B. burgdorferi develops dormant persisters in stationary phase cultures that are not killed by the current Lyme antibiotics, and there is interest in identifying novel drug candidates that more effectively kill such forms. We previously identified some highly active essential oils with excellent activity against biofilm and stationary phase B. burgdorferi. Here, we screened another 35 essential oils and found 10 essential oils (Allium sativum L. bulbs, Pimenta officinalis Lindl. berries, Cuminum cyminum L. seeds, Cymbopogon martini var. motia Bruno grass, Commiphora myrrha (T. Nees) Engl. resin, Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. flowers, Amyris balsamifera L. wood, Thymus vulgaris L. leaves, Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. fruits, Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. leaves) and the active component of cinnamon bark cinnamaldehyde (CA) at a low concentration of 0.1% have strong activity against stationary phase B. burgdorferi. At a lower concentration of 0.05%, essential oils of Allium sativum L. bulbs, Pimenta officinalis Lindl. berries, Cymbopogon martini var. motia Bruno grass and CA still exhibited strong activity against the stationary phase B. burgdorferi. CA also showed strong activity against replicating B. burgdorferi, with a MIC of 0.02% (or 0.2 μg/mL). In subculture studies, the top five essential oil hits Allium sativum L. bulbs, Pimenta officinalis Lindl. berries, Commiphora myrrha (T. Nees) Engl. resin, Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. flowers, and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. fruits completely eradicated all B. burgdorferi stationary phase cells at 0.1%, while Cymbopogon martini var. motia Bruno grass, Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. leaves, Amyris balsamifera L. wood, Cuminum cyminum L. seeds, and Thymus vulgaris L. leaves failed to do so as shown by visible spirochetal growth after 21-day subculture. At concentration of 0.05%, only Allium sativum L. bulbs essential oil and CA sterilized the B. burgdorferi stationary phase culture, as shown by no regrowth during subculture, while Pimenta officinalis Lindl. berries, Commiphora myrrha (T. Nees) Engl. resin, Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. flowers and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. fruits essential oils all had visible growth during subculture. Future studies are needed to determine if these highly active essential oils could eradicate persistent B. burgdorferi infection in vivo.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Antitoxigenic Effects of Selected Essential Oils in Vapors on Green Coffee Beans with Impact on Consumer Acceptability

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2993
Author(s):  
Miroslava Hlebová ◽  
Lukas Hleba ◽  
Juraj Medo ◽  
Viktoria Uzsakova ◽  
Pavel Kloucek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Coffee Beans

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of selected essential oils thyme chemotype linalool (Thymus zygis L.), thyme chemotype tymol (Thymus vulgaris L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), mint (Mentha piperita L.), almond (Prunbus dulcis Mill.), cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees), litsea (Litsea cubeba Lour. Pers), lemongrass (Cympogon citrati L. Stapf), and ginger (Zingiber officinalis Rosc.) in the vapor phase on growth, sporulation, and mycotoxins production of two Aspergillus strains (Aspergillus parasiticus CGC34 and Aspergillus ochraceus CGC87), important postharvest pathogens of green and roasted coffee beans. Moreover, the effect of the essential oils (EOs) on the sensory profile of the coffee samples treated with EOs was evaluated. The major components of tested EOs were determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results showed that almond, cinnamon bark, lemongrass, and litsea EOs are able to significantly inhibit the growth, sporulation, and mycotoxins production by toxigenic fungi. Sensory evaluation of coffee beans treated with EOs before and after roasting showed that some EOs (except lemongrass and litsea) do not adversely affect the taste and aroma of coffee beverages. Thus, application of the vapors of almond and cinnamon EOs appears to be an effective way that could serve to protect coffee during its transport and storage from toxigenic fungi.

scholarly journals Essential oil antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Bona ◽  
Nadia Massa ◽  
Giorgia Novello ◽  
Matteo Pavan ◽  
Andrea Rocchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen causing infections that range from skin lesions to life threatening conditions. Methicillin resistance development in S. aureus strains represents a huge problem worldwide. The inhibition efficacy of twelve different essential oils (laurel, anise, oregano, basil, lavender, mint, rosemary, tea tree, bergamot, grapefruit, ginger and winter savory) and of the antibiotic Vancomycin was tested against S. aureus NCTC6571 and clinical isolates using paper disk diffusion assay and broth microdilution test methods. Forty-four S. aureus strains isolated from different human sample were characterized for antibiotic resistance and 41% of them were methicillin resistant. Among the twelve tested oils basil, oregano and savory showed stronger inhibition effect on S. aureus growth than Vancomycin. These results can be useful for the formulation of topical gel containing selected essential oils active against S. aureus strains.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fungistatic Activity of Eight Selected Essential Oils on Four Heterogeneous Fusarium Isolates Obtained from Cereal Grains in Southern Poland

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka ◽  
Sławomir Sokół ◽  
Anna Piekarska-Stachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Synthetic Pesticide ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the chemical composition of eight commercial essential oils (EsO) (garlic, grapefruit, lemon grass, tea tree, thyme, verbena, cajeput, and Litsea cubeba) and their fungistatic activity in relation to four species of Fusarium: F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. oxysporum. The species identification of Fusarium isolates was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. The determination of qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of the EsO was carried out using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. The fungistatic activity of EsO was assessed by using the method of poisoned substrates. The data were compiled in the STATISTICA 13.0 program. The chemical composition of the tested oils varied; the dominant fraction, except for grapefruit and garlic oils, were monoterpenoids. The greatest similarity to the action of the synthetic pesticide Funaben T was found in four oils, i.e., thyme, lemongrass, verbena, and Litsea cubeba. The studies showed that F. oxysporum and F. avenaceum were characterized by a higher resistance to low oil concentrations, and F. culmorum and F. graminearum by sensitivity. The fungicidal activity of two EsO-dominant monoterpenoids-thymol and citral—has been confirmed.

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