scholarly journals Marketplace Shrimp Mislabeling in North Carolina

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan L. Korzik ◽  
Hannah M. Austin ◽  
Brittany Cooper ◽  
Caroline Jasperse ◽  
Grace Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
Whiteleg Shrimp

AbstractSeafood mislabeling occurs in a wide range of seafood products worldwide, resulting in public distrust, economic fraud, and health risks for consumers. We quantified the extent of shrimp mislabeling in coastal and inland North Carolina. We used standard DNA barcoding procedures to determine the species identity of 106 shrimp sold by 60 vendors across North Carolina as “local” shrimp. Thirty-four percent of the purchased shrimp was mislabeled, and surprisingly the percentage did not differ significantly between coastal and inland counties. Roughly one third of product incorrectly marketed as “local” was in fact whiteleg shrimp: an imported, and very likely farmed, species from the eastern Pacific (and not found in North Carolina waters). In addition to the negative ecosystem consequences of shrimp farming (e.g., the loss of mangroves forests and the coastal buffering they provide) and seafood importation, North Carolina fishers—as with local fishers elsewhere—are negatively impacted when vendors label farmed, frozen, and imported shrimp as local, fresh, and wild-caught.

scholarly journals Characterizing Soil Physical Properties for Soil Moisture Monitoring with the North Carolina Environment and Climate Observing Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinan Pan ◽  
R. P. Boyles ◽  
J. G. White ◽  
J. L. Heitman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Moisture Monitoring

Abstract Soil moisture has important implications for meteorology, climatology, hydrology, and agriculture. This has led to growing interest in development of in situ soil moisture monitoring networks. Measurement interpretation is severely limited without soil property data. In North Carolina, soil moisture has been monitored since 1999 as a routine parameter in the statewide Environment and Climate Observing Network (ECONet), but with little soils information available for ECONet sites. The objective of this paper is to provide soils data for ECONet development. The authors studied soil physical properties at 27 ECONet sites and generated a database with 13 soil physical parameters, including sand, silt, and clay contents; bulk density; total porosity; saturated hydraulic conductivity; air-dried water content; and water retention at six pressures. Soil properties were highly variable among individual ECONet sites [coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from 12% to 80%]. This wide range of properties suggests very different behavior among sites with respect to soil moisture. A principal component analysis indicated parameter groupings associated primarily with soil texture, bulk density, and air-dried water content accounted for 80% of the total variance in the dataset. These results suggested that a few specific soil properties could be measured to provide an understanding of differences in sites with respect to major soil properties. The authors also illustrate how the measured soil properties have been used to develop new soil moisture products and data screening for the North Carolina ECONet. The methods, analysis, and results presented here have applications to North Carolina and for other regions with heterogeneous soils where soil moisture monitoring is valuable.

Karyotypes and morphological variation in the sessile-flowered trilliums of North Carolina

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1223-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Ann Serota
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Flower Scent ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
The Mean

Six populations of apparently morphologically similar sessile-flowered Trillium (known taxonomically as T. cuneatum Raf. and T. luteum (Muhl.) Harb.) observed growing at elevations between 800 and 1700 ft in the Appalachians of western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee exhibit a wide range of variability by observation. The extent of variability was assessed by using statistical and karyotypic methods of analysis and by intraspecific cross-pollination. A correlation exists between the mean coefficient of variability and (1) the size of the population and (2) the degree of geographic isolation. The number of types of each kind of chromosome (A–E), as resolved by cold treatment, varies by one type from population to population. The homozygosity for the six populations is 85.8%, and the distribution of euchromatin is not complex. Intraspecific cross-pollination was effective among 76% of the test crosses. A review of the statistics and other morphological data indicates that the presence or absence of anthocyanins, flower scent, and the degree of geographic isolation are the three major variants among the six populations. These kinds of Trillium grow sympatrically with T. grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb., T. simile Gleason, T. erectum var. album (Michx.) Pursh, T. flexipes Raf. (T. gleasoni Fern.), and T. erectum L. The cumulative karyotype for the six stands indicates that these plants have not hybridized with any of the above species and varieties. Although these plants have been classified as T. cuneatum Raf. in some stands and as T. luteum (Muhl.) Harb. in others the data demonstrate that these six stands represent one discontinuous population of a sessile-flowered Trillium. Trillium discolor Wray, although relatively rare in western North Carolina, also grows here. Although T. discolor is not directly involved in this problem, its description and distinctive karyotype are included.

scholarly journals Reports of the Workshops Held at the Tenth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment

AI Magazine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Tiffany Barnes ◽  
Oliver Bown ◽  
Michael Buro ◽  
Michael Cook ◽  
Arne Eigenfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
State University ◽  
North Carolina State University ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Entertainment

The AIIDE-14 Workshop program was held Friday and Saturday, October 3–4, 2014 at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina. The workshop program included five workshops covering a wide range of topics. The titles of the workshops held Friday were Games and Natural Language Processing, and Artificial Intelligence in Adversarial Real-Time Games. The titles of the workshops held Saturday were Diversity in Games Research, Experimental Artificial Intelligence in Games, and Musical Metacreation. This article presents short summaries of those events.

DNA barcoding ofCryptosporidium

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN ŠLAPETA
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Dna Taxonomy ◽  
Host Diversity ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Outstanding Question ◽  
Metagenomic Approach

SUMMARYCryptosporidiumspp. (Apicomplexa) causing cryptosporidiosis are of medical and veterinary significance. The genusCryptosporidiumhas benefited from the application of what is considered a DNA-barcoding approach, even before the term ‘DNA barcoding’ was formally coined. Here, the objective to define the DNA barcode diversity ofCryptosporidiuminfecting mammals is reviewed and considered to be accomplished. Within theCryptosporidiumliterature, the distinction between DNA barcoding and DNA taxonomy is indistinct. DNA barcoding and DNA taxonomy are examined using the latest additions to the growing spectrum of namedCryptosporidiumspecies and within-species and between-species identity is revisited. Ease and availability of whole-genome DNA sequencing of the relatively smallCryptosporidiumgenome offer an initial perspective on the intra-host diversity. The opportunity emerges to apply a metagenomic approach to purified field/clinicalCryptosporidumisolates. The outstanding question remains a reliable definition ofCryptosporidiumphenotype. The complementary experimental infections and metagenome approach will need to be applied simultaneously to addressCryptosporidiumphenotype with carefully chosen clinical evaluations enabling identification of virulence factors.

Characterization of Stormwater Runoff from North Carolina Bridges and Determination of Effects on Selected Receiving Waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 2309 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Wagner ◽  
Sharon Fitzgerald ◽  
Matthew Lauffer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Bed Sediment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Receiving Waters

The North Carolina Department of Transportation and the U.S. Geological Survey collaborated on a study to better understand the effects of stormwater runoff from bridges on receiving waters. The following tasks were performed: (a) characterizing the quality and quantity of stormwater runoff from a representative selection of bridges in North Carolina, (b) measuring the quality of stream water upstream of selected bridges to compare constituent concentrations and loads in bridge deck stormwater with those in the stream, (c) determining whether the chemistry of bed sediment upstream and downstream of selected bridges differed substantially according to the presence or absence of a best management practice for bridge runoff, and (d) estimating the rate at which bridge deck runoff mixed with the receiving stream. The investigation measured bridge deck runoff from 15 bridges for 12 to 15 storms, the quality of stream water for base flow and storm conditions at four of the bridge deck sites, and the chemistry of stream bed sediment upstream and downstream of 30 bridges across North Carolina. Runoff and stream samples were analyzed for a wide range of constituents, including dissolved and total recoverable metals and nutrients, major ions, total suspended solids, suspended sediment, oil and grease, petroleum hydrocarbons, and semi-volatile organic compounds. For 64% of comparisons, concentrations in bridge deck runoff were no different or were less than those measured in receiving waters, and the maximum concentrations of constituents in the bridge deck runoff were rapidly reduced to the ambient stream concentrations, generally within 50 ft downstream of the bridge.

Standards for Conducting a DNA Barcoding Market Survey: Minimum Information and Best Practices

DNA Barcodes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Madelaine Naaum ◽  
Jason St.Jaques ◽  
Kimberly Warner ◽  
Linda Santschi ◽  
Ralph Imondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Minimum Information ◽  
The Press ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
The Media

AbstractDNA barcoding has been applied as a method to test seafood authenticity in numerous market surveys. This trend is continuing to gain momentum as DNA barcoding is employed as a regulatory tool, by the media, and by students to test seafood products, in addition to its use by scientific researchers to monitor seafood substitution. However, as market surveys documenting mislabeling continue to be published by both the press and scientific journals, there is a need for standardization in practices to aid in comparing and verifying results. This communication provides an overview of best practices for conducting and reporting DNA barcoding market studies for seafood. These standards can also be used as a guideline for other methods for conducting market surveys, or for market surveys employing DNA barcoding of other groups of organisms.

scholarly journals DNA barcoding identifies cryptic animal tool materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (29) ◽  
pp. e2020699118
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Steele ◽  
Linda E. Neaves ◽  
Barbara C. Klump ◽  
James J. H. St Clair ◽  
Joana R. S. M. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
New Caledonian Crows

Some animals fashion tools or constructions out of plant materials to aid foraging, reproduction, self-maintenance, or protection. Their choice of raw materials can affect the structure and properties of the resulting artifacts, with considerable fitness consequences. Documenting animals’ material preferences is challenging, however, as manufacture behavior is often difficult to observe directly, and materials may be processed so heavily that they lack identifying features. Here, we use DNA barcoding to identify, from just a few recovered tool specimens, the plant species New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides) use for crafting elaborate hooked stick tools in one of our long-term study populations. The method succeeded where extensive fieldwork using an array of conventional approaches—including targeted observations, camera traps, radio-tracking, bird-mounted video cameras, and behavioral experiments with wild and temporarily captive subjects—had failed. We believe that DNA barcoding will prove useful for investigating many other tool and construction behaviors, helping to unlock significant research potential across a wide range of study systems.

scholarly journals Gap-analysis of DNA barcoding in ERMS reference libraries for ascidians and cnidarians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Paz ◽  
Baruch Rinkevich
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Reference Library ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract BackgroundAll-inclusive DNA barcoding libraries in the storage and analysis platform of the BOLD (Barcode of Life Data) system are essential for the study of the marine biodiversity and are pertinent for regulatory purposes, including ecosystem monitoring and assessment, such as in the context of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Here we investigate knowledge gaps in the lists of DNA barcoded organisms within two inventories, Cnidaria (Anthozoa and Hydrozoa) and Ascidiacea from the reference libraries of the European Register of Marine Species (ERMS) dataset (402 ascidians and 1200 cnidarian species). ERMS records were checked species by species, against publicly available sequence information and other data stored in BOLD system. As the available COI barcode data adequately covers just a small fraction of the ERMS reference library, it is of importance to employ quality control on existing data, to close the knowledge gaps and purge errors off BOLD.ResultsResults revealed that just 22.9% and 29.2% of the listed ascidians and cnidarians species, respectively, are BOLD barcodes of which, 58.4% and 52.3% of the seemingly barcoded species, respectively, were noted to have complete BOLD pages. Thus, only 11.44% of the tunicate and 17.07% of the cnidarian data in the ERMS lists are of high quality. Deep analyses revealed seven common types of gaps in the list of the barcoded species in addition to a wide range of discrepancies and misidentifications, discordances and errors primarily in the GenBank mined data as with the BINs assignments, among others.ConclusionsGap knowledge in barcoding of important taxonomic marine groups exist and in addition, quality management elements (quality assurance and quality control) were not employed when using the list for national monitoring projects, for regulatory compliance purposes and other purposes. Even though BOLD is the most trustable DNA barcoding reference library, worldwide projects of DNA barcoding are needed to close these gaps of mistakes, verifications, missing data and unreliable sequencing labs. Tight quality control and quality assurance is important to close the knowledge gaps of Barcoding of the European recommended ERMS reference library.

Host-Parasitoid Interactions

Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Wide Range

Insects are a highly diverse group due to their ability to exploit a wide range of niches. Each plant is attacked by multiple herbivores and these in turn may harbor a bewildering complexity of natural enemies, particularly parasitoids, which are often quite specialized in terms of the host species identity (and stage of attack) of their hosts. Furthermore, these parasitoids have their own parasitoids that attack them, meaning that food webs including these insects may go up to five trophic levels (or even more). Due to their diversity and strong link population dynamics, parasitoids comprise important aspects of ecological communities. Because of this and their potential as biocontrol agents, host-parasitoid dynamics have been a major focus of ecological and evolutionary study since the beginning of the 20th century.

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