Drought sensitivity of leaflet growth, biomass accumulation, and resource partitioning predicts yield in common bean

ABSTRACTWhile drought limits yield largely by its impact on photosynthesis and therefore biomass accumulation, biomass is not the strongest predictor of yield under drought. Instead, resource partitioning efficiency, measured by how much total pod weight is contained in seeds at maturity (Pod Harvest Index), is the stronger correlate in Phaseolus vulgaris. Using 20 field-grown genotypes, we expanded on this finding by pairing yield and resource partitioning data with growth rates of leaflets and pods. We hypothesized that genotypes which decreased partitioning and yield most under drought would also have strongest decreases in growth rates. We found that while neither leaflet nor pod growth rates correlated with seed yield or partitioning, impacts to leaflet growth rates under drought correlate with impacts to yield and partitioning. As expected, biomass production correlated with yield, yet correlations between the decreases to these two traits under drought were even stronger. This suggests that while biomass contributes to yield, biomass sensitivity to drought is a stronger predictor. Lastly, under drought, genotypes may achieve similar canopy biomass yet different yields, which can be explained by higher or lower partitioning efficiencies. Our findings suggest that inherent sensitivity to drought may be used as a predictor of yield.HIGHLIGHTIn common bean, higher biomass accumulation under drought alone does not guarantee higher yield, as maintenance of higher growth rates and partitioning processes act as an additional requirement.

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Sensitivity of leaflet growth rate to drought predicts yield in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp19332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. 792

Author(s):

Amber N. Hageman ◽

Milan O. Urban ◽

Elizabeth Van Volkenburgh

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Resource Partitioning ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Growth Strategy ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Sink Strength ◽

Common Beans ◽

Pod Growth

Although drought limits yield by decreasing photosynthesis and therefore biomass accumulation, biomass is not the strongest predictor of yield under drought in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Instead, resource partitioning from pod walls into seeds is a stronger correlate. Our aim was to determine whether growth rates of developing leaflets and pods, as independent indicators of sink strength, predict resource partitioning into seeds. Using 20 field-grown genotypes, we paired biomass, yield, and resource partitioning data with leaflet and pod growth rates under well-watered and droughted conditions. We hypothesised that genotypes with faster growing leaflets and pods under drought would fill seeds better. However, we found that leaflet and pod growth rates did not predict partitioning to seeds; rather, sensitivity of leaflet growth rate to drought was a good predictor of yield reduction. Further, plants with rapidly growing leaves under well-watered conditions were most vulnerable to decreases in leaflet growth rate under drought. This suggests that lines that inherited a conservative growth strategy were better able to maintain yield by allocating resources to seeds. Our findings indicate that inherent sensitivity of leaflet growth rate to drought may be used as a predictor of partitioning and yield in common beans.

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Genetic Correlation Between Fe and Zn Biofortification and Yield Components in a Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.739033 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Santiago Diaz ◽

Jose Polania ◽

Daniel Ariza-Suarez ◽

Cesar Cajiao ◽

Miguel Grajales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Yield Components ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Association Studies ◽

Phenotypic Correlation ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

New Cultivars ◽

Pod Harvest Index

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume for direct human consumption worldwide. It is a rich and relatively inexpensive source of proteins and micronutrients, especially iron and zinc. Bean is a target for biofortification to develop new cultivars with high Fe/Zn levels that help to ameliorate malnutrition mainly in developing countries. A strong negative phenotypic correlation between Fe/Zn concentration and yield is usually reported, posing a significant challenge for breeders. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic relationship between Fe/Zn. We used Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) mapping and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) analysis in three bi-parental populations that included biofortified parents, identifying genomic regions associated with yield and micromineral accumulation. Significant negative correlations were observed between agronomic traits (pod harvest index, PHI; pod number, PdN; seed number, SdN; 100 seed weight, 100SdW; and seed per pod, Sd/Pd) and micronutrient concentration traits (SdFe and SdZn), especially between pod harvest index (PHI) and SdFe and SdZn. PHI presented a higher correlation with SdN than PdN. Seventy-nine QTLs were identified for the three populations: 14 for SdFe, 12 for SdZn, 13 for PHI, 11 for SdN, 14 for PdN, 6 for 100SdW, and 9 for Sd/Pd. Twenty-three hotspot regions were identified in which several QTLs were co-located, of which 13 hotpots displayed QTL of opposite effect for yield components and Fe/Zn accumulation. In contrast, eight QTLs for SdFe and six QTLs for SdZn were observed that segregated independently of QTL of yield components. The selection of these QTLs will enable enhanced levels of Fe/Zn and will not affect the yield performance of new cultivars focused on biofortification.

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Evidence for genotypic differences among elite lines of common bean in the ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase yield under drought

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859616000915 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 155 (6) ◽

pp. 857-875 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

I. M. RAO ◽

S. E. BEEBE ◽

J. POLANIA ◽

M. GRAJALES ◽

C. CAJIAO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Area Index ◽

Wild Bean ◽

Terminal Drought ◽

Terminal Drought Stress ◽

Pod Harvest Index

SUMMARYCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume for human consumption. Drought stress is the major abiotic stress limitation of bean yields in smallholder farming systems worldwide. The current work aimed to determine the role of enhanced photosynthate mobilization to improve adaptation to intermittent and terminal drought stress and to identify a few key adaptive traits that can be used for developing drought-resistant genotypes. Field studies were conducted over three seasons at Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Palmira, Colombia to determine genotypic differences in adaptation to intermittent (two seasons) and terminal (one season) drought stress compared with irrigated conditions. A set of 36 genotypes, including 33 common bean, two wild bean and one cowpea were evaluated using a 6 × 6 lattice design under irrigated and rainfed field conditions. Three common bean elite lines (NCB 226, SEN 56, SER 125) were identified with superior levels of adaptation to both intermittent and terminal drought stress conditions. The greater performance of these lines under drought stress was associated with their ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase grain yield based on higher values of harvest index, pod harvest index, leaf area index and canopy biomass. Two wild bean germplasm accessions (G 19902, G 24390) showed very poor adaptation to both types of drought stress. One small-seeded black line (NCB 226) was superior in combining greater values of canopy biomass with greater ability to mobilize photosynthates to grain under both types of drought stress. Two small-seeded red lines (SER 78, SER 125) seem to combine the desirable traits of enhanced mobilization of photosynthates to seed with effective use of water through canopy cooling under terminal drought stress. Pod harvest index showed significant positive association with grain yield under both types of drought stress and this trait can be used by breeders as an additional selection method to grain yield in evaluation of breeding populations for both types of drought stress.

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Use of interracial hybridization in breeding the race Durango common bean

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-101 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 785-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Shree P. Singh ◽

Albeiro Molina ◽

Carlos A. Urrea ◽

J. Ariel Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Plant Seed ◽

High Level

Recently, interracial hybridization was used successfully in breeding common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), but its use has not been adequately documented. Approximately 125 lines with medium-sized seed were selected in the first cycle, mostly from race Durango × race Mesoamerica (both from the Middle American domestication center) single- and multiple-cross populations, for disease resistance and race Durango characteristics. Fifteen of these improved lines, three race Durango control cultivars, and one control cultivar each from races Jalisco and Mesoamerica were evaluated for 3 yr (1989–1991) at three locations in Colombia. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Lines were developed using visual mass selection for seed yield and/or resistance to diseases in F2 and F3, followed by single plant harvests in F4 or F5 and seed increases in F6 or F7. Lines resistant to bean common mosaic virus and possessing other desirable traits were yield-tested in F7 or F8. All but two lines outyielded Alteño and Flor de Mayo, the highest yielding control cultivars from races Durango and Jalisco, respectively. Two lines also outyielded Carioca, the race Mesoamerica control cultivar. Improved lines tended to possess higher yield per day. All lines were resistant to bean common mosaic virus and most lines also carried a high level of resistance to anthracnose. Plant, seed, and maturity characteristics of most improved lines were similar to those of race Durango control cultivars. These results support the use of interracial hybridization in improving race Durango common bean. Key words: Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, race Durango, interracial populations, seed yield, disease resistance

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Inter-and intraracial hybridization and selection for seed yield in early generations of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/bf00025424 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 131-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shree P. Singh ◽

Carlos A. Urrea

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Selection For

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Inheritance of seed yield, maturity and seed weight of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under semi-arid rainfed conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600087451 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 122 (2) ◽

pp. 265-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

J. W. White ◽

R. M. Ochoa ◽

F. P. Ibarra ◽

S. P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Tropical Environments ◽

Expected Gain ◽

Days To Maturity ◽

The Common ◽

100 Seed Weight

SUMMARYTo develop an effective breeding programme for rainfed production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the inheritance of seed yield under such conditions should be understood, preferably considering the effects of environment to account for site or season specificity. Thus, heritability, expected and realized gain from selection, and combining ability were evaluated for a nine-parent diallel of common bean without reciprocals but including parents, at two locations each in Mexico and Colombia, using the F2 and F3 population bulks. Heritability estimated from regressions of F3 on F2 ranged from 0·09 ± 0·18 (S.E.) to 0·75±0·25 for seed yield, from 0·26±009 to 0·34±009 for days to maturity and from0·57±004 to 0·80±004 for 100-seed weight. Expected gain from selection in the F2 was estimated as a percentage of the population mean, selecting the upper 20% of the populations. Expected gain in seed yield ranged from 1·8 to 8·4% in Mexico and from 6·5 to 28·1% in Colombia. Realized gains in seed yield in the F3 were 0·4–7·4% in Mexico and 2·9–15·7% in Colombia. Realized gain values for days to maturity were < 2·2%, and for 100-seed weight > 13·4%. General combining ability (GCA) mean squares (estimated using Griffing's Method 2, Model 1) were significant (P <0·01) and larger than those for specific combining ability (SCA) for all traits at all locations. The parents from the Mexican highlands tended to have a positive GCA effect for yield in Mexico but negative values in Colombia, whereas parents adapted to mid-elevation tropical environments showed the opposite tendency. However, all significant GCA values of breeding line V8025 were positive in both countries.

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Performance of small-seeded common bean from the second selection cycle and multiple-cross intra- and interracial populations

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps92-089 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 735-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shree P. Singh ◽

Carlos A. Urrea ◽

Albeiro Molina ◽

J. Arièl Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Yield ◽

First Year ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Multiple Cross ◽

Progeny Tests ◽

Selection For ◽

100 Seed Weight

Twenty experimental lines of small-seeded common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Middle American origin from the second cycle of selection (SCS) in multiple-cross intra- and interracial populations were evaluated with two control cultivars from the first cycle of selection (FCS) derived from single-cross intraracial populations and three standard controls at three locations for 3 yr (1988–1990) in Colombia. A 5 × 5 lattice design with four replications was used. Each plot consisted of four rows, 5 m long in the first year and 7 m long in the next 2 years. To develop experimental lines in both selection cycles, visual mass selection for seed yield and/or resistance to diseases in individual plants and plant-to-progeny rows was practiced in early generations. The F2 and F3 were managed by the single-pod bulk method followed by the single plant harvests (F4 or F5), progeny tests (F5 or F6), and seed increases (F6 or F7). The F4- or F5-derived lines were tested for seed yield in F7 or F8. Thirteen lines from the SCS outyielded both control cultivars from the FCS and one standard control. However, only two lines, A 785 and A 774, from the SCS outyielded the best standard control, cultivar Carioca, by an average of 7.7%. Both lines were derived from interracial populations involving high-yielding parents possessing positive general combining ability for seed yield. Most improved lines from the SCS possessed higher yield per day and higher disease resistance. No apparent changes were recorded in days to maturity and 100-seed weight for high-yielding lines. Late-maturing lines usually had lower yield and yield per day.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, small-seeded common bean, seed yield, cycles of selection, intra- and interracial crosses

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Response of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Cultivars to Metobromuron

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00036897 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 70-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Soon J. Park ◽

Allan S. Hamill

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Rate Range ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Plant Introductions ◽

Plant Stand ◽

Serious Injury ◽

Plant Injury

Metobromuron is a major preemergence herbicide controlling mainly broadleaf weeds in common bean production in Ontario. Rainstorms at the seedling stage may splash metobromuron on the plants which results in serious injury, reduced plant stand, and low seed yield. This study determined the appropriate rates of metobromuron for identification of germplasm tolerant to the herbicide. Metobromuron of 0, 0.28, and 0.56 kg ai ha−1 in the glasshouse and 0, 0.28, 0.42, and 0.56 kg ha−1 in the field were applied POST at the unifoliolate stage of 30 bean cultivars. A significant linear effect of herbicide rate on plant injury and recovery was detected. Plant growth was reduced significantly on sensitive cultivars. Two cultivars, Taylor Hort’ and ‘UI 51’, and several plant introductions were tolerant to metobromuron. A rate range of 0.42 to 0.56 kg ha−1 of metobromuron would be appropriate to separate tolerant from sensitive bean lines.

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