scholarly journals Within-Host Diversity and Vertical Transmission of Group B Streptococcus Among Mother-infant Dyads in The Gambia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko ◽  
Madikay Senghore ◽  
Brenda A. Kwambana-Adams ◽  
Nabil-Fareed Alikhan ◽  
Anuradha Ravi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Host Diversity ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding mother-to-infant transmission of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is vital to the prevention and control of GBS disease. We investigated the transmission and phylogenetic relationships of mothers colonised by GBS and their infants in a peri-urban setting in The Gambia.MethodsWe collected nasopharyngeal swabs from 35 mother-infant dyads at weekly intervals from birth until six weeks post-partum. GBS was isolated by conventional microbiology techniques. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on GBS isolates from one mother-infant dyad (dyad 17).ResultsWe recovered 85 GBS isolates from the 245 nasopharyngeal swabs. GBS was isolated from 16.33% and 18.37% of sampled mothers and infants, respectively. In 87% of cultured swabs, the culture status of an infant agreed with that of the mother (Kappa p-value <0.001). In dyad 17, phylogenetic analysis revealed within-host strain diversity in the mother and clone to her infant.ConclusionGBS colonisation in mothers presents a significant risk of colonisation in their infants. We confirm vertical transmission from mother to child in dyad 17, accompanied by within-host diversity.

scholarly journals Maternal Obesity and Rectovaginal Group B Streptococcus Colonization at Term

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby M. Kleweis ◽  
Alison G. Cahill ◽  
Anthony O. Odibo ◽  
Methodius G. Tuuli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To test the hypothesis that maternal obesity is an independent risk factor for rectovaginal group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization at term.Study Design. Retrospective cohort study of consecutive women with singleton term pregnancies admitted in labor at Barnes-Jewish Hospital (2004–2008). Maternal BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2(obese) or <30 Kg/m2(nonobese) defined the two comparison groups. The outcome of interest was GBS colonization from a positive culture. Baseline characteristics were compared using Student’st-test and Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test. The association between obesity and GBS colonization was assessed using univariable and multivariable analyses.Results. Of the 10,564 women eligible, 7,711 met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of GBS colonization in the entire cohort was relatively high (25.8%). Obese gravidas were significantly more likely to be colonized by GBS when compared with nonobese gravidas (28.4% versus 22.2%,P<0.001). Obese gravidas were still 35% more likely than nonobese women to test positive for GBS after adjusting for race, parity, smoking, and diabetes (adjusted OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.21–1.50]).Conclusion. Maternal obesity is a significant risk factor for GBS colonization at term. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of this finding on risk-based management strategies.

Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Le Doare ◽  
Christine E. Jones ◽  
Paul T. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of early neonatal infection and neonatal mortality, with long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in up to 50% of survivors of GBS meningitis. GBS has a likely underappreciated role in causing preterm birth and stillbirth. GBS colonizes the vagina and gastrointestinal tract of the pregnant woman, and transmission to the infant occurs during or just before delivery. Although the majority of these infants do not develop invasive disease, maternal colonization is a prerequisite for early onset disease (0–6 days of life, most commonly associated with sepsis and respiratory distress) and a significant risk factor for late onset disease (7–89 days of life, most commonly associated with sepsis and meningitis). The introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has resulted in significant declines in the incidence of early onset disease but provides no protection against late onset disease.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PAIRED FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 976-79
Author(s):  
Qamar Zia ◽  
Nighat Arif ◽  
Tahira Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
Academic Scores

Objective: To determine the effect of paired formative assessment on students’ learning. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi, from Jan 2018 to Jun 2018. Methodology: A total of 160 students who attended otolaryngology module were included in the study. Randomized allocation was done by computerized software programme and students were divided into 2 groups i.e. experimental (group A) and control group (group B). Later on in group A, pairing of students was done by lottery method. Group A and B were dealt with paired and individual formative assessment respectively. Effectiveness of both methods of learning was calculated on the basis of academic scores obtained in tests consisting of 20 MCQs from predefined and taught syllabus. A p-value were obtained by applying independent sample t-test and considered statistically significant at 0.05. Results: Out of 160 participants, 94 (58.7%) were females and 66 (41.3%) were males. In individual testing phase mean scores of group A was 13.36 ± 2.22 and mean scores of group B was 13.24 ± 2.5 (p 0.861). In paired formative assessment phase, mean scores of group A was 16.70 ± 1.94 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) and mean of scores of group B was 13.40 ± 2.23 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) p=0.001. Conclusion: The effectiveness of paired formative assessment. This method provides students a conducive environment to achieve learning objectives.

scholarly journals Group B streptococcus: rapid intraparturn detection and influence of density of maternal colonization on vertical transmission

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-509
Author(s):  
J Raymond ◽  
C. Sauvestre ◽  
M. Bergeret ◽  
E Lewin ◽  
C. Francoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Prevalence of maternal Group B Streptococcus rectovaginal colonization among pregnant women in Ethiopia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delayehu Bekele ◽  
Dawit Getachew Assefa ◽  
Wondimu Gudu ◽  
Mekitie Wondafrash ◽  
Lemi Belay Tolu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Rectovaginal colonization with Group B streptococcus (GBS) during pregnancy is an important risk factor for serious infections including neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. It is also associated with stillbirth and preterm birth. Since globally rates of GBS colonization, as well as rates of vertical transmission to the newborn, differ broadly, having national data is important for implementing strategies to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality as a result of GBS infection. We propose this systematic review and meta-analysis to describe the prevalence of rectovaginal GBS colonization, rate of vertical transmission, and the antibiotic resistance pattern among third trimester pregnant women in Ethiopia.Methods: A systematic search will be done of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, CINHAL, and Cochrane Library. In addition, google scholar will be searched, and a reference list of the already identified articles will be checked to find additional eligible articles that were missed during the initial search. Two reviewers will screen all retrieved articles and assess the methodological quality of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist. Any disagreement between two reviewers will be resolved by a third reviewer. We will extract data using the JBI data extraction tool for the systematic review of prevalence studies. The data analysis will be conducted using Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. We will present pooled estimates of the prevalence of GBS colonization and rates of vertical transmission with a 95% confidence interval.Discussion: This will be the first synthesis of data on GBS during pregnancy at a national level. It will inform decision-makers in determining whether a universal or a risk-based screening strategy is most appropriate, as well as guiding them in adopting an intrapartum antibiotic protocol.Registration: Submitted to PROSPERO on 18/03/2021

scholarly journals Study of Vaginal Group-B Streptococcal Colonization in Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Care Centre of Agartala

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
pp. 2815-2819
Author(s):  
Argha Mallya Debbarman ◽  
Ashis Kumar Rakshit ◽  
Jahar Lal Baidya ◽  
Dhruba Prasad Paul
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
P Value ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
Group B ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

BACKGROUND Lancefield Group-B Streptococcus (GBS) emerged as a significant neonatal pathogen with mortality rates of 15 - 50 % in western countries during 1970s. In India, incidence of invasive neonatal GBS diseases is around 0.17 per 1000 live birth and probably is underestimated. Hence, the study was undertaken to evaluate the vaginal GBS colonization in pregnant women along with the neonatal outcome. METHODS The study was single centered, hospital based observational cross-sectional study done in the dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at Agartala Government Medical College (AGMC), and GBP Hospital for one & half years (Jan’ 16 - June’ 17). 250 Pregnant mothers with 31 to 40 weeks of gestation with singleton pregnancy, delivering either by Caesarean section & Vaginal delivery, were included in this study. They were recruited from obstetrics OPD and casualty of AGMC & GBP Hospital. During 1 st pelvic examination, two low vaginal swabs were taken for Gram Staining, and for determination of ß-hemolytic colony in blood agar. After identification of GBS from genitalia, outcome of neonates in these positive cases were evaluated for up to 28 days after delivery. RESULTS GBS was found in 8.8 % of total women recruited and was more common in multi-gravida. GBS vaginal colonization was significantly associated with low birth weight, and preterm delivery (p value 0.01) which is significant. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of vaginal GBS colonization is more in pregnant mothers, more in multigravidas & is associated with low-birth-weight neonates and preterm delivery. So, there is a need to formulate guidelines for incorporation of detection of vaginal colonization in multi gravidas to determine its prevalence. KEYWORDS Group-B Streptococcus (GBS), Multigravidas, Colonization, Neonates, Pregnant Women

scholarly journals Randomized trial for fungal corneal ulcer- A comparison of outcome between two regimes of medical treatment with topical natamycin and topical voriconazole in a tertiary care Centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Piyali Sarkar ◽  
Kumaresh Chandra Sarkar ◽  
Tridib Ranjan Naskar ◽  
Shashwat Bhattacharyya ◽  
Mukul Chandra Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Inflammation of the cornea is known as keratitis. Microbial keratitis is a great challenge for the physicians due to its varied presentation, overlapping symptoms and rapid progression. Though bacterial keratitis is the most prevalent in developing countries but recent increasing trend of fungal keratitis carries a significant risk factors and one of the leading causes of vision loss. Early diagnosis and treatment are the cornerstone for its effective control. Purpose: To determine the outcome and efficacy of treatment with topical natamycin and topical voriconazole in different groups. It was a randomised, prospective, comparative, experimental study. The study populations were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria after proper evaluation. The study populations were divided into Group A (treated with 1% topical natamycin) and group B (treated 5% topical voriconazole. The patients were followed up subsequently. Data were collected, tabulated in Excel sheet and analyzed in percentage, proportion, t-test and chi square (χ2) test. The statistically significant was considered if p value &#60;0.05. The average age of the study populations was 39.32 ± 14.99 years. Topical voriconazole was found better against primary fungal ulcer than natamycin but not statistically significant (χ2=0.283, p=0.59). The mean healing times of group A and group B were 25.42 ± 4.59 and 24.92 ± 3.99 days respectively. This study concluded that it had male predominance, commonly involved younger people and poor socioeconomic agricultural workers. Both drugs were found effective against primary ulcer but voriconazole was slightly better.

scholarly journals To compare rosuvastatin with atorvastatin in terms of mean change in LDL-C in patient of diabetes mellitus.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1505-1510
Author(s):  
Masood Javed ◽  
Dilshad Mohammad ◽  
Muzzammal Iftikhar ◽  
Mohsin Jameel ◽  
Zain Masood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Close Association ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

Diabetes Mellitus is a very common metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and altered metabolism of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. There is a close association between complications of Diabetes and Diabetic Dyslipidemias. The lowering of LDL levels with statins varies from 20 to 60% and greatest effects are seen with the most potent statins such as Atorvastatin, and Rosuvastatin in higher doses. Objectives: The objective of the study was; to compare Rosuvastatin with Atorvastatin in terms of mean change in LDL-C in patients of Diabetes Mellitus. Study Design: Randomized Control Trail. Setting: Department of Medicine DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: Six months from 01/10/2018 to 31/03/2019. Material & Methods: Results: A total of 160 cases (80 in each group) fulfilling the inclusive/exclusive criteria were enrolled to compare Rosuvastatin with Atorvastatin in terms of mean change in LDL-C in patients of Diabetes Mellitus. Mean LDL-C levels at baseline was recorded as159.61+1.22 in Group-A and 159.51+1.21 in Group-B, p value was calculated as 0.603 showing insignificant difference. Mean LDL-C after 6 weeks of treatment was recorded as129.11p+1.50 in Group-A and 129.89+2.23 in Group-B, p value was calculated as 0.01 showing significant difference. Mean change in LDL-C level after 6 weeks of treatment was recorded as 30.5+1.88 in Group-A and 29.63+2.57 in Group-B, p value was calculated as 0.01 showing a significant difference. The data was stratified for Age, Gender, Duration of Diabetes Mellitus and control of Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusion:  This study proves superiority of Rosuvastain over Atorvastatin in reducing LDL-C level in type 2 DM Patients.

Comparison of the Effect of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash and Persica Mouthwash on the Color of Resin Composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Hooman Fakhar ◽  
Hosein Akbari ◽  
Ramin Mosharraf ◽  
Azin Farzad
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Patient Dissatisfaction ◽  
Composite Restorations ◽  
School Of Dentistry ◽  
Initial Color ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Discoloration of resin composite restorations can lead to patient dissatisfaction. 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Persica mouthwashes are among the agents that cause discoloration. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of discoloration caused by the 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Persica mouthwashes on resin composite samples. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was conducted in Kashan and Isfahan School of Dentistry in 2020-2021. Number of 30 disc-shaped samples were fabricated from Charisma Diamond resin composite. The initial color of samples was measured by CIE Lab system in spectrophotometer. Then samples were divided into 3 groups (A, B, and C) (n = 10).The control group (A) was placed in distilled water, group B was immersed in the 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash and group C was immersed in the Persica mouthwash. The color of the samples was measured again afterwards. Data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and t-Test (α = 0.05). Results: The amount of l, a, b and ΔE after using 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Persica mouthwashes increased. The mean of Δl, Δa, Δb and ΔE showed significant differences between groups (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: The discoloration of Persica mouthwash was more than 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash and control group. Therefore, for patients with resin composite restorations, 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash is better.

scholarly journals Group B Streptococcus among Pregnant Women and Newborns in Mirzapur, Bangladesh: Colonization, Vertical Transmission, and Serotype Distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 2406-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir K. Saha ◽  
Zabed B. Ahmed ◽  
Joyanta K. Modak ◽  
Hakka Naziat ◽  
Shampa Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Group B ◽  
Level Hospital

ABSTRACTGroup B streptococcus (GBS) infection is a leading cause of death among newborns in developed countries. Data on the burden of GBS in Asian countries are lacking. This study aimed to understand (i) the rate of maternal rectovaginal GBS carriage, (ii) the rate of vertical transmission of GBS, as determined by culturing ear, umbilicus, and nasal swabs, and (iii) the distribution of GBS serotypes. This prospective observational study was conducted between September 2012 and November 2013 at Kumudini Women's Medical College Hospital, a secondary-level hospital in Mirzapur, Bangladesh. The study enrolled pregnant women who visited the outpatient clinic for antenatal care (ANC) and/or delivered a child in the inpatient department of Kumudini Women's Medical College Hospital and the babies born to those mothers. Among 1,151 enrolled pregnant women, 172 (15% [95% confidence interval [CI], 13 to 17%]) carried GBS; among 68 babies born to mothers with carriage, 26 (38% [95% CI, 27 to 51%]) had GBS on their body surfaces, indicating vertical transmission. Typing of the isolates (n= 172) identified all 10 GBS serotypes, most commonly types Ia (40% [69/172 isolates]), V (23% [40/172 isolates]), II (14% [24/172 isolates]), and III (12% [20/172 isolates]). This study shows that Bangladesh has all of the ingredients for invasive GBS disease, including colonization of mothers by invasive serotypes and vertical transmission to babies.

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