scholarly journals Repression of Essential Chloroplast Genes Reveals New Signaling Pathways and Regulatory Feedback Loops in Chlamydomonas

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ramundo ◽  
Michèle Rahire ◽  
Olivier Schaad ◽  
Jean-David Rochaix
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Chloroplast Genes

scholarly journals Understanding MAPK Signaling Pathways in Apoptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jicheng Yue ◽  
José M. López
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathways

MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs’ behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using Xenopus oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions.

Cancerous perturbations within the ERK, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling network constitutively activate inter-pathway positive feedback loops

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Rao Padala ◽  
Rishabh Karnawat ◽  
Satish Bharathwaj Viswanathan ◽  
Abhishek Vijay Thakkar ◽  
Asim Bikas Das
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Signaling Network ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Activated State ◽  
Molecular Signaling Pathways

Perturbations in molecular signaling pathways result in a constitutively activated state, leading to malignant transformation of cells.

Physics of the Extracellular Matrix and Biology of Tumors — A Close Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Hanna Engelke
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Cellular Signaling ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Mutual Interaction ◽  
Close Relationship

The physical properties of the extracellular matrix strongly influence tumor progression and malignancy. This impact can be direct by physically impeding or promoting tumor progression. Furthermore, the ECM properties can also indirectly modulate tumors via interaction with cellular signaling pathways, such as integrin or YAP/TAZ signaling. Conversely, tumors remodel and rebuild the extracellular matrix. This leads to a strong mutual influence of tumor and extracellular matrix including feedback loops and cascades of mutual interaction. Combinations of therapies that treat tumor signaling directly and indirectly via modulation of the tumor’s interaction with the extracellular matrix may thus leverage the success of cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Positive Feedback Loops between NrCAM and Major Signaling Pathways Contribute to Thyroid Tumorigenesis

2016 ◽  
pp. jc.2016-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Zhang ◽  
Fang Sui ◽  
Jingjing Ma ◽  
Xiaojuan Ren ◽  
Haixia Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loops

scholarly journals Targeting mTOR signaling pathways and related negative feedback loops for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedito A Carneiro ◽  
Jason B Kaplan ◽  
Jessica K Altman ◽  
Francis J Giles ◽  
Leonidas C Platanias
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Negative Feedback Loops ◽  
Acute Myeloid

A compendium of G-protein–coupled receptors and cyclic nucleotide regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and energy expenditure

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Ceddia ◽  
Sheila Collins
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
Nucleotide Regulation ◽  
Ucp1 Expression ◽  
Thermogenic Adipocytes ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract With the ever-increasing burden of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, it is generally acknowledged that there remains a need for developing new therapeutics. One potential mechanism to combat obesity is to raise energy expenditure via increasing the amount of uncoupled respiration from the mitochondria-rich brown and beige adipocytes. With the recent appreciation of thermogenic adipocytes in humans, much effort is being made to elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate the browning of adipose tissue. In this review, we focus on the ligand–receptor signaling pathways that influence the cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, in adipocytes. We chose to focus on G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase regulation of adipocytes because they are the targets of a large proportion of all currently available therapeutics. Furthermore, there is a large overlap in their signaling pathways, as signaling events that raise cAMP or cGMP generally increase adipocyte lipolysis and cause changes that are commonly referred to as browning: increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and respiration.

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