A unique high-performance wide-range (10–1500 eV) spherical grating monochromator beamline

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-C. Tseng ◽  
C.-C. Chen ◽  
T.-E. Dann ◽  
S.-C. Chung ◽  
C. T. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Wide Spectral Range ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grating Monochromator ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Under Construction

A wide-spectral-range high-performance 6 m-spherical grating monochromator (6 m-SGM) beamline has been designed and is under construction at SRRC. Two different entrance slits, instead of additional mirrors, are used to optimize the overall performance. Six gratings are used to cover photon energies from 10 to 1500 eV. Movable entrance slits and bendable vertical focusing mirrors are used to enhance further the beamline performance. A bendable horizontal focusing mirror is used to improve the resolution and to focus the photon beam at the experimental station immediately after the exit slit. Several end-stations can be installed at the same time to utilize the beam time fully. The expected energy-resolving power, with both slit openings set at 10 µm, is up to 15 000 and 40 000 for the high- and low-energy branches, respectively. A photon flux of 1 × 1011 photons s−1 can be obtained with an energy-resolving power of 20 000.

Applications of VUV extra-focus mechanism: high-performance dual-mode monochromator from VUV to soft X-ray

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofan Xue ◽  
Yanqing Wu ◽  
Ying Zou ◽  
Lian Xue ◽  
Zhi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Included Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
Grating Monochromator ◽  
Mode Solution

A new monochromator scheme is presented in which an extra-focus constant-included-angle varied-line-spacing cylindrical-grating monochromator (extra-focus CIA-VCGM) is conveniently combined with a variable-included-angle varied-line-spacing plane-grating monochromator (VIA-VPGM). This dual-mode solution delivers high performance in the energy range from vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to soft X-ray. The resolving power and the efficiency of this dual-mode grating monochromator are analyzed in detail based on realistic parameters. Comparisons with the commonly used variable-included-angle plane-grating monochromator and normal-incidence monochromator (VIA-PGM/NIM) hybrid monochromator are made.

The LUCIA beamline at SOLEIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vantelon ◽  
N. Trcera ◽  
D. Roy ◽  
T. Moreno ◽  
D. Mailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Energy Limit ◽  
Grating Monochromator ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Multilayer Grating

Commissioned in May 2004 on the SLS machine, the LUCIA beamline was moved to the synchrotron SOLEIL during the summer of 2008. To take advantage of this new setting several changes to its design were introduced. Here, a review of the various improvements of the mechanics and, mostly, of the optics is given. Described in detail are the results of a new multilayer grating monochromator implemented on the Kohzu vessel already holding the two-crystal set-up. It consists of a grating grooved onto a multilayer (replacing the first crystal) associated to a multilayer (as a second crystal). It allows a shift of the low-energy limit of the beamline to around 500 eV with an energy resolution and a photon flux comparable with those of the previous couples of crystals (KTP and beryl).

Application of Multiwavelength Pyrometry in Microwave Processing of Materials

1996 ◽  
Vol 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Donnan ◽  
M. Samandi
Keyword(s):  
Resolving Power ◽  
Single Element ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Wavelength ◽  
High Temperature Measurement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiwavelength Pyrometry ◽  
Grating Monochromator ◽  
Microwave Applicator ◽  
Set Up

AbstractOver the past decade microwave energy has been increasingly used in materials processing, especially for sintering and more recently for the joining of advanced ceramics. However the hostile electromagnetic and plasma environment within a high power (1–6 kW) microwave applicator poses serious problems for very accurate high temperature measurement by precluding the use of existing classes of thermometry. For instance, conventional probe-based thermometry, multiple-wavelength ratio pyrometry and even the more recently developed technologies of optical fibre thermometry by fluoroptics and radiometry, are either incompatible or of restricted application. The main aim of this paper is to propose multiwavelength pyrometry as a viable technique for wide range (500–5000 K) thermometry in hostile electromagnetic and plasma environments. After briefly reviewing the physical basis of its operation, the experimental set up of the multiwavelength pyrometer is outlined, and consists of a comparatively inexpensive low resolving power grating monochromator and a PbS infrared single element detector. Results are presented that compare the measurements during conventional/microwave heating trials, from this multiwavelength pyrometer and from a K-type thermocouple, a double-wavelength ratio pyrometer and a single wavelength pyrometer aimed at a dummy target (carbon/metal).

BEAT STRUCTURE IN THE DOUBLY EXCITED RYDBERG STATES CONVERGING TO THE N = 2 THRESHOLD OF HELIUM

2002 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FOLLATH ◽  
G. Reichardt ◽  
O. SCHWARZKOPF ◽  
W. GUDAT
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Rydberg States ◽  
Principal Series ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Interaction ◽  
Coupling Scheme ◽  
High Excitation ◽  
Doubly Excited ◽  
Grating Monochromator ◽  
Very High

The N = 2 double excitation series of helium was examined with the high performance U125 plane grating monochromator at BESSY II set to a resolving power of 90 000. A hitherto unresolved beat structure in the principal series was observed at very high excitation levels. The beat can be explained by the mixing of two series converging to different ionization thresholds and having an energy spacing corresponding to the energy split between the 2p1/2 and the 2p3/2 level of singly ionized helium. This indicates that the electron interaction at high excitation levels must be described within the JK coupling scheme.

Design of a high-flux and high-resolution VUV bending-magnet beamline

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-F. Hsieh ◽  
L.-R. Huang ◽  
S.-C. Chung ◽  
T.-E. Dann ◽  
P.-C. Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Exit Slit ◽  
Sample Position ◽  
Grating Monochromator ◽  
Under Construction

A high-flux and high-resolution VUV beamline (4–40 eV) has been designed and is under construction at SRRC. This beamline, which collects 50 mrad of horizontal radiation, uses a 6 m cylindrical-grating monochromator with an incident angle of 70° instead of the conventional normal-incidence-monochromator (NIM) design. Special features, such as movable entrance slit, bendable vertical focusing mirror and movable curved exit slit, are employed to enhance greatly the beamline performance. With both slit openings set at 10 µm, the energy-resolving power can reach as high as 70000. Photon fluxes of 1 × 1013 and 1 × 1010 photons s−1 are calculated for energy-resolving powers of 1000 and 40000, respectively. The best image size at the sample position is smaller than 0.45 × 0.2 mm.

Design and performance of bending-magnet beamline BL02B at the SSRF

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Meng ◽  
Zhi Guo ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽  
Excitation Spectra ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Focus Spot Size

The BL02B bending-magnet beamline at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) has been constructed and is now operational for ambient-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) and photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy (PIPOS) experimental use. Optical optimization was implemented for realization of high performance, e.g. photon flux, energy-resolving power and focus spot size. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments show that the energy range extends from 40 to 2000 eV. Argon, nitrogen and neon gas core-shell excitation spectra indicate energy-resolving powers of over 1.4 × 104 @ 244 eV, 1.0 × 104 @ 401 eV and 7.0 × 103 @ 867 eV, respectively. The measured photon flux is 1.3 × 1011 photons s−1 @ E/ΔE = 3700 at 244 eV at the expected sample position, for the SSRF electron energy of 3.5 GeV and electron current of 240 mA. The spot sizes are 177 µm × 23 µm and 150 µm × 46 µm at the APPES and PIPOS samples, respectively.

scholarly journals An L2 Cache Architecture Supporting Bypassing for Low Energy and High Performance

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Jungwoo Park ◽  
Soontae Kim ◽  
Jong-Uk Hou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Cache Architecture ◽  
L2 Cache ◽  
Multiple Cores ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
Overall Performance

Conventional 2-level cache architecture is not efficient in mobile systems when small programs that do not require the large L2 cache run. Bypassing the L2 cache for those small programs has two benefits. When only a single program runs, bypassing the L2 cache allows to power it down removing its leakage energy consumption. When multiple programs run simultaneously on multiple cores, small programs bypass the L2 cache while large programs use it. This decreases conflicts in the L2 cache among those programs increasing overall performance. From our experiments using cycle-accurate performance and energy simulators, our proposed L2 cache architecture supporting bypassing is shown to be effective in reducing L2 cache energy consumption and increasing overall performance of programs.

scholarly journals P13, the EMBL macromolecular crystallography beamline at the low-emittance PETRA III ring for high- and low-energy phasing with variable beam focusing

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Cianci ◽  
Gleb Bourenkov ◽  
Guillaume Pompidor ◽  
Ivars Karpics ◽  
Johanna Kallio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Atom ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
Beam Focusing ◽  
High Photon Flux ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integrated Facility

The macromolecular crystallography P13 beamline is part of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory Integrated Facility for Structural Biology at PETRA III (DESY, Hamburg, Germany) and has been in user operation since mid-2013. P13 is tunable across the energy range from 4 to 17.5 keV to support crystallographic data acquisition exploiting a wide range of elemental absorption edges for experimental phase determination. An adaptive Kirkpatrick–Baez focusing system provides an X-ray beam with a high photon flux and tunable focus size to adapt to diverse experimental situations. Data collections at energies as low as 4 keV (λ = 3.1 Å) are possible due to a beamline design minimizing background and maximizing photon flux particularly at low energy (up to 1011 photons s−1 at 4 keV), a custom calibration of the PILATUS 6M-F detector for use at low energies, and the availability of a helium path. At high energies, the high photon flux (5.4 × 1011 photons s−1 at 17.5 keV) combined with a large area detector mounted on a 2θ arm allows data collection to sub-atomic resolution (0.55 Å). A peak flux of about 8.0 × 1012 photons s−1 is reached at 11 keV. Automated sample mounting is available by means of the robotic sample changer `MARVIN' with a dewar capacity of 160 samples. In close proximity to the beamline, laboratories have been set up for sample preparation and characterization; a laboratory specifically equipped for on-site heavy atom derivatization with a library of more than 150 compounds is available to beamline users.

scholarly journals High Efficient Resonant DC-DC Converter for Automotive LED Driver Applications using Phase Shift Control Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Syed Simran.K, Md.Anwar, Dr.Sharan Reddy and Santosh.B.M
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Led Driver ◽  
Load Current ◽  
Shift Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Overall Performance

A high frequency DC-DC converter operating in the MHz range is proposed, which can achieve unbiased load current even while maintaining high performance over a wide range of load voltages. Due to these functions, the provided transformer is suitable for LED driver applications, which require different types of LEDs to operate with controlled current. The proposed transformer satisfies the uncontrolled load current using the LCL-T resonance community and achieves high efficiency using a predetermined switching frequency. The LCL-T resonance transformer also works effectively in controlling its output to the required rating using phase shift control. The overall performance of the LCL-T Echo transducer was evaluated and compared with the LC3L controlled echo transducer. Simulation work is done using the MATLAB / Simulink program.

High-resolution spherical grating monochromator for the undulator beamline (BL-16B) at the Photon Factory

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Shigemasa ◽  
Akio Toyoshima ◽  
Yonglian Yan ◽  
Tatsuji Hayaishi ◽  
Koichi Soejima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Photon Energy Range ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Factory ◽  
Grating Monochromator ◽  
And Performance

The design and performance of a 24 m high-resolution spherical grating monochromator (H-SGM) for the undulator beamline (BL-16B) at the Photon Factory are described. With three interchangeable gratings of 400, 900 and 2000 lines mm−1, the H-SGM is designed to cover the photon energy range 40–600 eV. With a resolving power of approximately 2000 in the photon energy range 40–530 eV, more than 1011 photons s−1 have been measured. The best resolutions obtained so far, at a substantially lower photon flux, are greater than 10 000 at 250 eV and 8000 at 400 eV

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