The relationship between college class and cigarette smoking

Background: E-cigarettes have become the most commonly used tobacco products among youth in the United States (US) recently. It is not clear whether there is a causal relationship between e-cigarette use and the onset of cigarette smoking. The “common liability” theory postulates that the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking can be attributed to a common risk construct of using tobacco products. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ever e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking onset in the US using a structural equation modeling approach guided by the “common liability” theory. Methods: The study population is non-institutionalized civilian adolescents living in the US, sampled in the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Information about tobacco product use was obtained via confidential self-report. A structural equation modeling approach was used to estimate the relationship between e-cigarette use at wave 1 and the onset of cigarette smoking at wave 2 after controlling for a latent construct representing a “common liability to use tobacco products.” Results: After controlling for a latent construct representing a “common liability to use tobacco products”, ever e-cigarette use does not predict the onset of cigarette smoking (β=0.13, 95% CI= -0.07, 0.32, p=0.204). The latent “common liability to use tobacco products” is a robust predictor for the onset of cigarette smoking (β=0.38; 95% CI=0.07, 0.69; p=0.015). Conclusions: Findings from this study provide supportive evidence for the ‘common liability’ underlying observed associations between e-cigarette use and smoking onset.

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A population-based case-control study of the relationship between cigarette smoking and nasopharyngeal cancer (United States)

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1007/bf00054158 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 507-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kangmin Zhu ◽

Robert S. Levine ◽

Edward A. Brann ◽

Douglas R. Gnepp ◽

Marianna K. Baum

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

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Intellectual Impairment in Children of Women Who Smoke Cigarettes During Pregnancy

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.93.2.221 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 221-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David L. Olds ◽

Charles R. Henderson ◽

Robert Tatelbaum

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Maternal Cigarette Smoking ◽

Upstate New York ◽

Wide Range ◽

Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽

The Relationship ◽

Additional Reason

Objective. To examine the relationship between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and children's intellectual functioning during the first 4 years of life. Design. Prospective follow-up of participants in a randomized trial of pregnancy and infancy nurse home visitation. Setting. Semirural community in Upstate New York. Participants. 400 families in which the mothers registered before the 30th week of pregnancy and had no previous live births. Eighty-five percent of the mothers were either teenagers (<19 years at registration), unmarried, or poor. Analysis limited to whites who comprised 89% of the sample. Main results. Children in the comparison group whose mothers smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy had Stanford-Binet scores at 3 and 4 years of age that were 4.35 (95% CI: 0.02, 8.68) points lower (after controlling for a wide range of variables) than their counterparts whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. Conclusions. The results of this study add to the increasingly consistent evidence that maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy poses a unique risk for neurodevelopmental impairment among children and provide an additional reason for pregnant women not to smoke cigarettes.

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Cigarette Smoking Is Negatively Associated with the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Men with Normal Weight but Positively Associated with Stroke in Men

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2019/1853018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Su Wang ◽

Jie Chen ◽

Yuzhong Wang ◽

Yu Yang ◽

Danyu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

The Relationship

Background. The prevalence of diabetes and potentially related complications, including stroke, is rapidly increasing in China. The long-term effects of lifestyle may affect glucose metabolism in the general population. Although some studies have shown an association between smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the relationship remains unclear. Furthermore, the relationship between smoking and stroke in patients with T2DM has not been fully elucidated. Objective. We investigated the influence of cigarette smoking on T2DM and stroke in China. Detailed questionnaires about smoking status and anthropometric measurement were completed by participants, and oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), and blood lipids were measured. Results. In total, 8196 adults aged 40 years or older were included. We found a reduced risk of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and T2DM in male smokers with normal weight (body mass index BMI<25 kg/m2 or waist circumference WC<90 cm) compared with nonsmokers after adjusting for age, alcohol intake, physical activity, educational level, family history of diabetes, SBP, DBP, TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C. However, no significant association was detected in male current smokers with overweight/obesity or female smokers. In addition, compared with nonsmokers without T2DM, current smokers with T2DM had a significantly higher risk of stroke (odds ratio: 2.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–5.57; P=0.011) after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions. Smoking was negatively associated with T2DM in Chinese men of normal body weight, but no significant association was found for men with overweight/obesity or women. In addition, smoking was positively associated with nonfatal stroke, especially in patients with T2DM. Further prospective studies are needed to examine the association between smoking, diabetes, and stroke in different ethnic groups.

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