Investigation of graphene effect on the anti-corrosion behaviour of polyurethane coatings in sea-water

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-860
Author(s):  
Hai Tan ◽  
Deguo Wang ◽  
Yanbao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Corrosion Property ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors ◽  
Steel Surfaces

Purpose Abundant oil and gas reservoirs in the deep-water are the valuable non-renewable energy sources. However, sea-water could enhance the corrosion of marine equipment such as submarine pipe trees. Various coatings, for example, polyurethane (PU) coatings are sprayed on the steel surfaces to enhance the anti-corrosion performance. Thus, to improve the anti-corrosion behavior of PU coatings in sea-water is imperative. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the corrosion behaviors of 4130 carbon steel with and without PU coatings were discussed by electrochemical mean in sea-water. And the graphene additive in different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 per cent) were also studied. A series of characterized methods were introduced to identify the anti-corrosion performances of 4130 carbon steel with and without coatings, respectively. Findings The results showed that the anti-corrosion property of 4130 carbon steel can enhance obviously with the PU coatings. The graphene additive can further improve the anti-corrosion behaviour of PU coatings and in the concentration of 0.6 per cent the PU/graphene coatings worked best. Originality/value This is beneficial for enhancing the service life of marine equipment in an eco-friendly method.

Three years outdoor exposure of low carbon steel in Mauritius

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baboo Y. R. Surnam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Of Wetness

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in the Mauritian atmosphere over a three-year period. Atmospheric corrosion is a serious problem in Mauritius. Design/methodology/approach – Carbon steel samples were exposed outdoors at various sites. Mass loss analysis was performed to determine the corrosion behaviour of the metal over the exposure period. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman tests were performed to investigate the formation of the corrosion products on the carbon steel surface. Findings – It was found that the corrosion loss at two of the sites considered did not vary clearly according to the bilogarithmic law. Time of wetness was found to be a main factor affecting atmospheric corrosion in Mauritius. The corrosivity of the atmosphere was found to lie between categories C3 and C4, according to ISO 9223. Originality/value – The results can be of essential help to the construction industry, especially as steel buildings are becoming very common in Mauritius. Moreover, as Mauritius is a tropical island, the results obtained can be useful in other tropical islands.

Prospects of ocean-based renewable energy for West Africa’s sustainable energy future

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayokunle Adesanya ◽  
Sanjay Misra ◽  
Rytis Maskeliunas ◽  
Robertas Damasevicius
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
African Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe limited supply of fossil fuels, constant rise in the demand of energy and the importance of reducing greenhouse emissions have brought the adoption of renewable energy sources for generation of electrical power. One of these sources that has the potential to supply the world’s energy needs is the ocean. Currently, ocean in West African region is mostly utilized for the extraction of oil and gas from the continental shelf. However, this resource is depleting, and the adaptation of ocean energy could be of major importance. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the possibilities of ocean-based renewable energy (OBRE) and analyze the economic impact of adapting an ocean energy using a thermal gradient (OTEC) approach for energy generation.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is conducted from the perspective of cost, energy security and environmental protection.FindingsThis study shows that adapting ocean energy in the West Africa region can significantly produce the energy needed to match the rising energy demands for sustainable development of Nigeria. Although the transition toward using OBRE will incur high capital cost at the initial stage, eventually, it will lead to a cost-effective generation, transmission, environmental improvement and stable energy supply to match demand when compared with the conventional mode of generation in West Africa.Practical implicationsThis study will be helpful in determining the feasibility, performance, issues and environmental effects related to the generation and transmission of OBRE in the West Africa region.Originality/valueThe study will contribute toward analysis of the opportunities for adopting renewable energy sources and increasing energy sustainability for the West Africa coast regions.

scholarly journals Corrosion Investigation of Commercially Available Linepipe Steel in CO2 Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.32) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haris ◽  
Saeid Kakooei ◽  
Mokhtar Che Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Co2 Environment

CO2 corrosion has been the most prevalent form of corrosion and is considered as a complex problem in oil and gas production industries. The CO2 in presence of water causes sweet corrosion that is responsible for failure of pipeline during transportation of Oil and Gas. This work studies the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel specimens in CO2 environment at different temperatures but at constant pressure. The effect of CO2 on Carbon Steel specimens (X65, A106) were studied in simulated solution of 3 wt.% NaCl. The specimens were immersed into the CO2 containing solution for 48 hours and corrosion behaviour was investigated by using electrochemical test like Linear Polarization Resistance and Tafel plot. The results indicate that the temperature has an important effect of corrosion rate of carbon Steel in CO2 environment. Corrosion rate of 1.5-2 mm/yr was reported for both steels at lower temperature while at higher temperature the difference can be observed due to difference in protective nature of steels. Similar Corrosion rate around 1.5 -2 mm/yr was observed at 25°C for both A106 and X65 while at 50°C and 75°C the corrosion rate varies significantly 1.5-3 mm/yr and 3.5-6 mm/yr.  

scholarly journals Influence of microbial adherence on corrosion of UNS 1008 carbon steel and hybrid nano-structured coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayri Alejandra Diaz De Rienzo ◽  
Marisela Aguirre Ramirez ◽  
Peter J. Martin ◽  
Monica Galicia Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extracellular Polymer Substance ◽  
Microbial Adherence

Purpose Microbes that are able to grow on different surfaces can cause the deterioration of the underlying layers because of their metabolic activity. The purpose of this study is report the ability of fungi-bacteria consortium (FBC) in anaerobic media, and marine strain bacteria, to attach onto UNS 1008 carbon steel and zinc epoxy coats. Design/methodology/approach Impedance analysis, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to evaluate the adherence, biofilm formation and corrosion effect of FBC and marine bacteria onto UNS1008 carbon steel in anaerobic and aired conditions, respectively. In a similar way, the anticorrosive performance of hybrid coats on UNS 1008 carbon steel against marine bacteria. Findings In aerobic conditions, the outer layer shows a micro-crack appearance and several semi-sphere products that could be because of spore formation. In anaerobic conditions, evidence of iron sulfide surrounded by a mixture of sulfur-containing extracellular polymer substance was observed by SEM images and EDS analysis. The presence of hybrid coats (zinc epoxy with carbon nanotubes CNT content) affected the level of microbial adherence and the concentration of corrosion products (Fe2O3, Fe(OH)2 and FeS); the cell attachment was lower when the steel surface was coated with Zn/CNTs. Originality/value This study opens a window for further evaluations of CNTs associated with metals as active materials to assess the corrosion on extreme corrosive environments, like in oil and gas industries the microorganisms play an important role either to increase or reduce the corrosion processes.

Magazynowanie wodoru w obiektach geologicznych

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 794-798
Author(s):  
Piotr Such ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Depleted Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Chemical Companies ◽  
Salt Caverns

Hydrogen economy became one of the main directions in EU’s Green Deal for making Europe climate neutral in 2050. Hydrogen will be produced with the use of renewable energy sources or it will be obtained from coking plants and chemical companies. It will be applied as ecological fuel for cars and as a mix with methane in gas distribution networks. Works connected with all aspects of hydrogen infrastructure are conducted in Poland. The key problem in creating a hydrogen system is hydrogen storage. They ought to be underground (RES) because of their potential volume. Three types of underground storages are taken into account. There are salt caverns, exploited gas reservoirs and aquifers. Salt caverns were built in Poland and now they are fully operational methane storages. Oli and Gas Institute – National Research Institute has been collaborating with the Polish Oil and Gas Company since 1998. Salt cavern storage exists and is used as methane storages. Now it is possible to use them as methane-hydrogen mixtures storages with full control of all operational parameters (appropriate algorithms are established). Extensive study works were carried out in relation to depleted gas reservoirs/aquifers: from laboratory investigations to numerical modelling. The consortium with Silesian University of Technology was created, capable of carrying out all possible projects in this field. The consortium is already able to undertake the project of adapting the depleted field to a methane-hydrogen storage or, depending on the needs, to a hydrogen storage. All types of investigations of reservoir rocks and reservoir fluids will be taken into consideration.

Corrosion Behaviour of Carbon Steel in Sea Water Medium in Presence of P. aeruginosa Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 6863-6870 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hamzah ◽  
M. F. Hussain ◽  
Z. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Abdolahi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Water Medium

The effect of additive particle size on the anti-corrosion behavior of PU coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Hai Tan ◽  
Yanbao Guo ◽  
Junqiang Wang ◽  
Deguo Wang ◽  
Yongjie Cui
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors ◽  
Bare Steel ◽  
Additive Particle

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of additive particle size on the anti-corrosion behaviors of polyurethane (PU) coating. Design/methodology/approach The graphite (Gr) and poly-graphite (PGr) were used as large size additive and small size additive, respectively. The immersion test and electrochemical test were used to study the corrosion behaviors. Findings In the immersion test, the surface of the bare steel sample was corroded uniformly. However, for the steel samples with coatings, the surfaces were corroded locally. This phenomenon showed that the coating can isolate artificial sea-water and samples and then decreased the corrosion rate. Furthermore, the most severe corrosion was observed on the sample with the Gr/PU coating compared with other anti-corrosion coatings. The results of the electrochemical measurements indicated that the corrosion rate of the sample with PGr/PU coating was approximately two times lower than that of the sample with the Gr/PU coating and the sample with PGr/PU coating was hardest to be corroded. Originality/value To have a more objective and direct recognition of the particle size effect on the coating quality.

Influence of strainBacillus cereusbacterium on corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in natural sea water

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aïmeur ◽  
K. Houali ◽  
L. Hamadou ◽  
N. Benbrahim ◽  
A. Kadri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour

Modification of Carbon Steel Surfaces to Reduce Corrosion Fouling in Oil and Gas Industry

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 681-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. U. Zettler ◽  
H. Müller-Steinhagen ◽  
B. Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Steel Surfaces

PROSPECTS OF OBTAINING ALTERNATIVE FUEL FROM VARIOUS BIOMASS AND WASTE SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
O. M. Salamov ◽  
F. F. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

The paper discusses the possibility of obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels from different types of biomass (BM) and combustible solid waste (CSW) of various origins. The available world reserves of traditional types of fuel are analyzed and a number of environmental shortcomings that created during their use are indicated. The tables present the data on the conditional calorific value (CCV) of the main traditional and alternative types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which compared with CCV of various types of BM and CSW. Possible methods for utilization of BM and CSW are analyzed, as well as the methods for converting them into alternative types of fuel, especially into combustible gases.Reliable information is given on the available oil and gas reserves in Azerbaijan. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the currently available oil reserves of Azerbaijan can completely dry out after 33.5 years, and gas reserves–after 117 years, without taking into account the growth rates of the exported part of these fuels to European countries. In order to fix this situation, first of all it is necessary to use as much as possible alternative and renewable energy sources, especially wind power plants (WPP) and solar photovoltaic energy sources (SFES) in the energy sector of the republic. Azerbaijan has large reserves of solar and wind energy. In addition, all regions of the country have large reserves of BM, and in the big cities, especially in industrial ones, there are CSW from which through pyrolysis and gasification is possible to obtain a high-quality combustible gas mixture, comprising: H2 + CO + CH4, with the least amount of harmful waste. The remains of the reaction of thermochemical decomposition of BM and CSW to combustible gases can also be used as mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The available and projected resources of Azerbaijan for the BM and the CSW are given, as well as their assumed energy intensity in the energy sector of the republic.Given the high energy intensity of the pyrolysis and gasification of the BM and CSW, at the present time for carrying out these reactions, the high-temperature solar installations with limited power are used as energy sources, and further preference is given to the use of WPP and SFES on industrial scale.

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