Evaluating distance perception for architecture design alternatives in immersive virtual environment: a comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narmin Abouelkhier ◽  
Doaa Shawky ◽  
Mohamed Marzouk
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Distance Perception ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Level Of Details ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Immersive virtual environments (IVEs) aid in perceiving spaces by providing a platform for all stakeholders to make better decisions at early design stages. Nevertheless, they are not widely used in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. This paper aims to illustrate the impact of level of details (LODs) in participants’ perception for architecture design alternatives in IVEs. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents an approach to estimate how distance perception varies between real and virtual environments when different design alternatives are implemented. First, a fully three-dimensional (3D) model for a replica meeting room was created and the level of details (LODs) inside the IVE was gradually modified. Second, a questionnaire was designed to collect responses about how the perceived experience of an IVE is compared to that of the physical environment, where the two environments have the same dimensions. Twenty-six participants were recruited in this study to estimate eight distances in the IVEs while putting on a head-mounted display. Findings Obtained results show that decreasing LOD has negative effect on users’ perception. Thus, when all of the available LODs were added to the IVE, the perceived perception was significantly enhanced. These findings emphasize the relation between the physical details and distance perception in IVEs and shed light on how to design virtual reality architectural models in an efficient manner. Originality/value Different experiments were conducted to analyze perception differences associated with factors such as LODs, gender and whether participants are wearing glasses.

Higher education institutions, PRME and partnerships for the goals: retrofit labeling or driving force for change?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hauser ◽  
Annmarie Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
University Partnerships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Important Variation ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to propose a framework to map partnerships as practiced in higher education institutions (HEIs) and trace the current mode of engagement between HEIs and their partners. This paper reflects on the alignment between current practices and what is understood in the literature as “true” partnerships. We are interested in the different modes of engagement that are labeled by the HEIs as partnerships and consider the plasticity of the term. The interest is in how the term is operationalized by HEIs and how variations in approach can be accounted for while still maintaining some stability and common understanding of the term partnership. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on extant literature in the field of cross-sector partnerships, a three-dimensional framework is proposed to map partnerships as practiced in HEIs. Furthermore, this paper draws on insights gained from the partnership stories of 13 leading principles of responsible management education (PRME) signatories to evidence examples of how this framework can help us to categorize the different types of engagement that the HEIs call partnerships. These case stories were gathered in the fall of 2019, based on a brief inquiry form sent to the 39 PRME signatories who were part of the PRME Champions Cycle 2018–2019. Findings This paper sees cases where faculty drive interaction on sustainable development goal-related issues with external stakeholders, but where the impact of these interactions seems to reside within the main business of the HEI (teaching and research). In contrast, much partnering work addresses broader social impacts. Of particular, interest in partnerships that seek to address a specific local issue, first and foremost and doing so in such a way as to apply the unique resources of the HEI working in multi-stakeholder networks. This paper also notes important variation between individual faculty-driven initiatives and initiatives where the school provides a strategic framework to support these efforts. Research limitations/implications By focusing on the academic sector and its stakeholder partnerships, this paper contributes to the literature on cross-sector partnerships. In particular, the specifics of this context and the importance of, for example, academic freedom have been under-researched in this field. Furthermore, the framework presented is novel in that it helps us to grasp the nuances of external university partnerships that can form out of individual, programmatic and other institutional levels. Practical implications From a practice perspective, the framework offers a useable tool for HEI partnership managers to position themselves and their activities and reflect more on how they organize external partnerships. Further, this tool offers a more precise framework for the discussion on partnerships within the PRME to sharpen the partnership instrument and bring more clarity about what is meant by the partnership for the goals. Originality/value The paper offers a novel partnership portfolio framework that contributes both to theory and practice. The framework aids in mapping the locus of benefits/outcomes and the material and affective commitments made by the HEI to bring these collaborations about. In dimensionalizing partnerships in this way, this paper can conceptualize a balanced portfolio in an HEI’s partnerships for the goals.

scholarly journals Low cost digital fabrication approach for thumb orthoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Fernandez-Vicente ◽  
Ana Escario Chust ◽  
Andres Conejero
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel design workflow for the digital fabrication of custom-made orthoses (CMIO). It is intended to provide an easier process for clinical practitioners and orthotic technicians alike. It further functions to reduce the dependency of the operators’ abilities and skills. Design/methodology/approach The technical assessment covers low-cost three-dimensional (3D) scanning, free computer-aided design (CAD) software, and desktop 3D printing and acetone vapour finishing. To analyse its viability, a cost comparison was carried out between the proposed workflow and the traditional CMIO manufacture method. Findings The results show that the proposed workflow is a technically feasible and cost-effective solution to improve upon the traditional process of design and manufacture of custom-made static trapeziometacarpal (TMC) orthoses. Further studies are needed for ensuring a clinically feasible approach and for estimating the efficacy of the method for the recovery process in patients. Social implications The feasibility of the process increases the impact of the study, as the great accessibility to this type of 3D printers makes the digital fabrication method easier to be adopted by operators. Originality/value Although some research has been conducted on digital fabrication of CMIO, few studies have investigated the use of desktop 3D printing in any systematic way. This study provides a first step in the exploration of a new design workflow using low-cost digital fabrication tools combined with non-manual finishing.

Prediction of the yielding behaviour of ductile porous materials through computational homogenization

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-621
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pinto Carvalho ◽  
Igor A. Rodrigues Lopes ◽  
Francisco M. Andrade Pires
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Yield Locus ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ductile Materials ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Void Geometry ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict the yield locus of porous ductile materials, evaluate the impact of void geometry and compare the computational results with existing analytical models. Design/methodology/approach A computational homogenization strategy for the definition of the elasto-plastic transition is proposed. Representative volume elements (RVEs) containing single-centred ellipsoidal voids are analysed using three-dimensional finite element models under the geometrically non-linear hypothesis of finite strains. Yield curves are obtained by means of systematic analysis of RVEs considering different kinematical models: linear boundary displacements (upper bound), boundary displacement fluctuation periodicity and uniform boundary traction (lower bound). Findings The influence of void geometry is captured and the reduction in the material strength is observed. Analytical models usually overestimate the impact of void geometry on the yield locus. Originality/value This paper proposes an alternative criterion for porous ductile materials and assesses the accuracy of analytical models through the simulation of three-dimensional finite element models under geometrically non-linear hypothesis.

A Delphi-based approach for detecting key e-learning trends in postgraduate education

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Lopez-Catalan ◽  
Victor A. Bañuls
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
National Level ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Education Administrators ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the results of national level Delphi study carried out in Spain aimed at providing inputs for higher education administrators and decision makers about key e-learning trends for supporting postgraduate courses. Design/methodology/approach The ranking of the e-learning trends is based on a three-dimensional analysis that combines the cost of implementation, the impact of each trend on learning outcomes and the diffusion forecast among postgraduate courses in the time horizon. The authors use the Delphi method for managing an expert panel. Findings Mobile learning, gamification, social media and open education are found as some of the key e-learning trends that might have greater educational impacts in postgraduate programs in the next years. These results are expected to help educational institutions to plan future positioning strategies depending on their starting positions, resources and intentions to innovate. Originality/value Educational managers and planners need to identify priority issues and principal trends in higher education in order to raise their innovative offer and to maintain competitiveness. The results might help them. Moreover the indicator and the methodological approach is a novelty in the field.

New thermal-hydraulic correlations for printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) with zigzag channels under high Reynolds numbers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina P. Naveira-Cotta ◽  
Jian Su ◽  
Paulo Lucena Kreppel Paes ◽  
Philippe R. Egmont ◽  
Rodrigo P. M. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Channel Diameter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
High Reynolds Numbers ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of semi-circular zigzag-channel printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) design parameters on heat transfer and pressure drop of flows under high Reynolds numbers and provide new thermal-hydraulic correlations relevant to conditions encountered in natural gas processing plants. Design/methodology/approach The correlations were developed using three-dimensional steady-state computational fluid dynamics simulations with varying semicircular channel diameter (from 1 to 5 mm), zigzag angle (from 15° to 45°) and Reynolds number (from 40,000 to 100,000). The simulation results were validated by comparison with experimental results and existing correlations. Findings The results revealed that the thermal-hydraulic performance was mostly affected by the zigzag angle, followed by the ratio of the zigzag channel length to the hydraulic diameter. Overall, smaller zigzag angles favored heat transfer intensification while keeping reasonably low pressure drops. Originality/value This study is, to date, the only one providing thermal-hydraulic correlations for PCHEs with zigzag channels under high Reynolds numbers. Besides, the broad range of parameters considered makes the proposed correlations valuable PCHE design tools.

Virtual Environments for Assessing and Rehabilitating Cognitive/Functional Performance A Review of Projects at the USC Integrated Media Systems Center

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Rizzo ◽  
J. Galen Buckwalter ◽  
Jocelyn S. McGee ◽  
Todd Bowerly ◽  
Cheryl van der Zaag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Visuospatial Skills ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Integrated Media ◽  
Future Work

Virtual reality (VR) technology offers new options for the creation of sophisticated tools that could be applied in the areas of assessment and rehabilitation of cognitive and functional processes. VR systems allow for the precise presentation and control of dynamic, multisensory, three-dimensional (3-D) stimulus environments, as well as the recording of all behavioral responses that occur within them. Assessment and rehabilitation scenarios that would be difficult if not impossible to deliver using conventional neuropsychological methods are now being developed that take advantage of these VR assets. If empirical studies demonstrate effectiveness, virtual environments (VEs) could be of considerable value for better understanding, measuring, and treating persons with impairments due to traumatic brain injury, neurological disorders, and learning disabilities. This article describes the progress of a VR research program at the USC Integrated Media Systems Center and Information Sciences Institute that has developed and investigated the use of a series of VEs designed to target (i) molecular visuospatial skills using a 3-D, projection-based ImmersaDesk system, and (ii) attention (and soon memory and executive functioning) processes within ecologically valid functional scenarios utilizing a head-mounted display (HMD). Results from completed research, rationales and methodology of works in progress, and our plan for future work is presented. Our primary vision has been to develop VR systems that target cognitive processes and functional skills that are of relevance to a wide range of patient populations with central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, as well as for the assessment of unimpaired performance. We have also sought to select cognitive/functional targets that intuitively appear well matched to the specific assets available with currently available VR technology.

Autonomous planetary rover navigation via active SLAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Yunhai Geng ◽  
Wenzheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Feature Detection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Planetary Rover ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Exploration Mission

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce an efficient active-simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approach for rover navigation, future planetary rover exploration mission requires the rover to automatically localize itself with high accuracy.Design/methodology/approachA three-dimensional (3D) feature detection method is first proposed to extract salient features from the observed point cloud, after that, the salient features are employed as the candidate destinations for re-visiting under SLAM structure, followed by a path planning algorithm integrated with SLAM, wherein the path length and map utility are leveraged to reduce the growth rate of state estimation uncertainty.FindingsThe proposed approach is able to extract distinguishable 3D landmarks for feature re-visiting, and can be naturally integrated with any SLAM algorithms in an efficient manner to improve the navigation accuracy.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a novel active-SLAM structure for planetary rover exploration mission, the salient feature extraction method and active revisit patch planning method are validated to improve the accuracy of pose estimation.

Effects of Stereo Viewing Conditions on Distance Perception in Virtual Environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Willemsen ◽  
Amy A. Gooch ◽  
William B. Thompson ◽  
Sarah H. Creem-Regehr
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Distance Perception ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Monocular Viewing ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Head Mounted Displays ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Distance Judgments

Several studies from different research groups investigating perception of absolute, egocentric distances in virtual environments have reported a compression of the intended size of the virtual space. One potential explanation for the compression is that inaccuracies and cue conflicts involving stereo viewing conditions in head mounted displays result in an inaccurate absolute scaling of the virtual world. We manipulate stereo viewing conditions in a head mounted display and show the effects of using both measured and fixed inter-pupilary distances, as well as bi-ocular and monocular viewing of graphics, on absolute distance judgments. Our results indicate that the amount of compression of distance judgments is unaffected by these manipulations. The equivalent performance with stereo, bi-ocular, and monocular viewing suggests that the limitations on the presentation of stereo imagery that are inherent in head mounted displays are likely not the source of distance compression reported in previous virtual environment studies.

Egocentric Distance Perception: A Comparative Study Investigating Differences Between Real and Virtual Environments

Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 940-967
Author(s):  
Ilja T. Feldstein ◽  
Felix M. Kölsch ◽  
Robert Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Distance Perception ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Egocentric Distance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Depth Analysis

Virtual reality systems are a popular tool in behavioral sciences. The participants’ behavior is, however, a response to cognitively processed stimuli. Consequently, researchers must ensure that virtually perceived stimuli resemble those present in the real world to ensure the ecological validity of collected findings. Our article provides a literature review relating to distance perception in virtual reality. Furthermore, we present a new study that compares verbal distance estimates within real and virtual environments. The virtual space—a replica of a real outdoor area—was displayed using a state-of-the-art head-mounted display. Investigated distances ranged from 8 to 13 m. Overall, the results show no significant difference between egocentric distance estimates in real and virtual environments. However, a more in-depth analysis suggests that the order in which participants were exposed to the two environments may affect the outcome. Furthermore, the study suggests that a rising experience of immersion leads to an alignment of the estimated virtual distances with the real ones. The results also show that the discrepancy between estimates of real and virtual distances increases with the incongruity between virtual and actual eye heights, demonstrating the importance of an accurately set virtual eye height.

Colour of food as a vector for children’s well-being

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-679
Author(s):  
Pascale Ezan ◽  
Gaelle Pantin-Sohier ◽  
Caroline Lancelot-Miltgen
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Children’S Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose A product colour plays an important role in consumers’ preferences. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact of the three-dimensional character of colour (brightness, saturation and vividness) on children’s behaviour towards a food product and as a source of well-being. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were conducted. Study 1 was conducted with 62 children and used four visuals of syrup presenting two colours (red/green) and two variations of vividness (vivid/dim). Study 2 was conducted with 70 children and used four pictures of stewed apples and four pictures of pouches to test the influence of each dimension of colour on children’s preferences for the product and the product packaging. Findings Results show that the three-dimensional character of colour plays an important role in children’s gustatory inferences and well-being. Research limitations/implications The study is restricted to one food product (in each study) habitually consumed by children. Other products could be investigated to show how colour can contribute to children’s well-being. Practical implications The paper addresses the issue of well-being as a potential brand-positioning element. Social implications The paper suggests new avenues to use the brightness/saturation or vividness of a product or packaging colour as a potential element to arouse positive sensations that generate children’s well-being even when the product is not a preferred one. Originality/value This works initiates creative thinking concerning the impact of a product colour on children consumers.

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