Analytical methodologies for design of segmented permanent magnet consequent pole flux switching machine: a comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasiq Ullah ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
Bakhtiar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consequent Pole ◽  
Electromagnetic Performance

Purpose This paper aims to reviewed analytical methodologies, i.e. lumped parameter magnetic equivalent circuit (LPMEC), magnetic co-energy (MCE), Laplace equations (LE), Maxwell stress tensor (MST) method and sub-domain modelling for design of segmented PM(SPM) consequent pole flux switching machine (SPMCPFSM). Electric machines, especially flux switching machines (FSMs), are accurately modeled using numerical-based finite element analysis (FEA) tools; however, despite of expensive hardware setup, repeated iterative process, complex stator design and permanent magnet (PM) non-linear behavior increases computational time and complexity. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews various alternate analytical methodologies for electromagnetic performance calculation. In above-mentioned analytical methodologies, no-load phase flux linkage is performed using LPMEC, magnetic co-energy for cogging torque, LE for magnetic flux density (MFD) components, i.e. radial and tangential and MST for instantaneous torque. Sub-domain model solves electromagnetic performance, i.e. MFD and torque behaviour. Findings The reviewed analytical methodologies are validated with globally accepted FEA using JMAG Commercial FEA Package v. 18.1 which shows good agreement with accuracy. In comparison of analytical methodologies, analysis reveals that sub-domain model not only get rid of multiples techniques for validation purpose but also provide better results by accounting influence of all machine parts which helps to reduce computational complexity, computational time and drive storage with overall accuracy of ∼99%. Furthermore, authors are confident to recommend sub-domain model for initial design stage of SPMCPFSM when higher accuracy and low computational cost are primal requirements. Practical implications The model is developed for high-speed brushless AC applications. Originality/value The SPMCPFSM enhances electromagnetic performance owing to segmented PMs configuration which makes it different than conventional designs. Moreover, developed analytical methodologies for SPMCPFSM reduce computational time compared with that of FEA.

Lumped parameter magnetic equivalent circuit model for design of segmented PM consequent pole flux switching machine

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasiq Ullah ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Muhammad Umair
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Electric Machines ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Park Transformation ◽  
Consequent Pole ◽  
Electromagnetic Performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate an alternative simplified analytical approach for the design of electric machines. Numerical-based finite element method (FEM) is a powerful tool for accurate modelling and electromagnetic performance analysis of electric machines. However, computational complexity, magnetic saturation, complex stator structure and time consumption compel researchers to adopt alternate analytical model for initial design of electric machine especially flux switching machines (FSMs). Design/methodology/approach In this paper, simplified lumped parameter magnetic equivalent circuit (LPMEC) model is presented for newly developed segmented PM consequent pole flux switching machine (SPMCPFSM). LPMEC model accounts influence of all machine parts for quarter of machine which helps to reduce computational complexity, computational time and drive storage without affecting overall accuracy. Furthermore, inductance calculation is performed in the rotor and stator frame of reference for accurate estimation of the self-inductance, mutual inductance and dq-axis inductance profile using park transformation. Findings The developed LPMEC model is validated with corresponding FEA using JMAG Commercial FEA Package v. 18.1 which shows good agreement with accuracy of ∼98.23%, and park transformation precisely estimates the inductance profile in rotor and stator frame of reference. Practical implications The model is developed for high-speed brushless AC applications. Originality/value The proposed SPMCPFSM enhance electromagnetic performance owing to partitioned PMs configuration which make it different than conventional designs. Moreover, the developed LPMEC model reduces computational time by solving quarter of machine.

Design and lumped parameter magnetic network model of hybrid excited consequent pole flux switching machine

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basharat Ullah ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Bakhtiar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Flux Linkage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Consequent Pole ◽  
Electromagnetic Performance ◽  
Magnetic Network

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze electromagnetic performance and develop an analytical approach to find the suitable coil combination and no-load flux linkage of the proposed hybrid excited consequent pole flux switching machine (HECPFSM) while minimizing the drive storage and computational time which is the main problem in finite element analysis (FEA) tools. Design/methodology/approach First, a new HECPFSM based on conventional consequent pole flux switching permanent machine (FSPM) is proposed, and lumped parameter magnetic network model (LPMNM) is developed for the initial analysis like coil combination and no-load flux linkage. In LPMNM, all the parts of one-third machine are modeled which helps in reduction of drive storage, computational complexity and computational time without affecting the accuracy. Second, self and mutual inductance are calculated in the stator, and dq-axis inductance is calculated using park transformation in the rotor of the proposed machine. Furthermore, on-load performance analysis, like average torque, torque density and efficiency, is done by FEA. Findings The developed LPMNM is validated by FEA via JMAG v. 19.1. The results obtained show good agreement with an accuracy of 96.89%. Practical implications The proposed HECPFSM is developed for high-speed brushless AC applications like electric vehicle (EV)/hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Originality/value The proposed HECPFSM offers better flux regulation capability with enhanced electromagnetic performance as compared to conventional consequent pole FSPM. Moreover, the developed LPMNM reduces drive storage and computational time by modeling one-third of the machine.

scholarly journals Analytical Sub-Domain Model for Magnetic Field Computation in Segmented Permanent Magnet Switched Flux Consequent Pole Machine

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 3774-3783
Author(s):  
Wasiq Ullah ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Erwan Sulaiman ◽  
Irfan Sami ◽  
Jong-Suk Ro
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Field Computation ◽  
Consequent Pole ◽  
Magnetic Field Computation

Analytical sub-domain model for predicting open-circuit field of permanent magnet vernier machine accounting for tooth tips

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 624-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Oner ◽  
Z.Q. Zhu ◽  
L.J. Wu ◽  
X. Ge
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cogging Torque ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flux Modulation

Purpose – Due to high electromagnetic torque at low speed, vernier machines are suitable for direct-drive applications such as electric vehicles and wind power generators. The purpose of this paper is to present an exact sub-domain model for analytically predicting the open-circuit magnetic field of permanent magnet vernier machine (PMVM) including tooth tips. The entire field domain is divided into five regions, viz. magnets, air gap, slot openings, slots, and flux-modulation pole slots (FMPs). The model accounts for the influence of interaction between PMs, FMPs and slots, and radial/parallel magnetization. Design/methodology/approach – Magnetic field distributions for slot and air-gap, flux linkage, back-EMF and cogging torque waveforms are obtained from the analytical method and validated by finite element analysis (FEA). Findings – It is found that the developed sub-domain model including tooth tips is very accurate and is applicable to PMVM having any combination of slots/FMPs/PMs. Originality/value – The main contributions include: accurate sub-domain model for PMVM is proposed for open-circuit including tooth-tip which cannot be accounted for in literature; the model accounts the interaction between flux modulation pole (FMP) and slot; developed sub-domain model is accurate and applicable to any slot/FMP/PM combinations; and it has investigated the influence of FMP/slot opening width/height on cogging torque.

Simulating swing dynamics of a power system model using nonlinear model order reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1918-1930
Author(s):  
Satyavir Singh ◽  
Mohammad Abid Bazaz ◽  
Shahkar Ahmad Nahvi
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Reduced Basis ◽  
Power System Dynamics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
On Line

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of the Discrete Empirical Interpolation method (DEIM) for simulating the swing dynamics of benchmark power system problems. The authors demonstrate that considerable savings in computational time and resources are obtained using this methodology. Another purpose is to apply a recently developed modified DEIM strategy with a reduced on-line computational burden on this problem. Design/methodology/approach On-line computational cost of the power system dynamics problem is reduced by using DEIM, which reduces the complexity of the evaluation of the nonlinear function in the reduced model to a cost proportional to the number of reduced modes. The on-line computational cost is reduced by using an approximate snap-shot ensemble to construct the reduced basis. Findings Considerable savings in computational resources and time are obtained when DEIM is used for simulating swing dynamics. The on-line cost implications of DEIM are also reduced considerably by using approximate snapshots to construct the reduced basis. Originality/value Applicability of DEIM (with and without approximate ensemble) to a large-scale power system dynamics problem is demonstrated for the first time.

A parallel multi-fidelity optimization approach in induction hardening

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Marco Baldan ◽  
Alexander Nikanorov ◽  
Bernard Nacke
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Computing ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fidelity Model ◽  
Hardening System

Purpose Reliable modeling of induction hardening requires a multi-physical approach, which makes it time-consuming. In designing an induction hardening system, combining such model with an optimization technique allows managing a high number of design variables. However, this could lead to a tremendous overall computational cost. This paper aims to reduce the computational time of an optimal design problem by making use of multi-fidelity modeling and parallel computing. Design/methodology/approach In the multi-fidelity framework, the “high-fidelity” model couples the electromagnetic, thermal and metallurgical fields. It predicts the phase transformations during both the heating and cooling stages. The “low-fidelity” model is instead limited to the heating step. Its inaccuracy is counterbalanced by its cheapness, which makes it suitable for exploring the design space in optimization. Then, the use of co-Kriging allows merging information from different fidelity models and predicting good design candidates. Field evaluations of both models occur in parallel. Findings In the design of an induction heating system, the synergy between the “high-fidelity” and “low-fidelity” model, together with use of surrogates and parallel computing could reduce up to one order of magnitude the overall computational cost. Practical implications On one hand, multi-physical modeling of induction hardening implies a better understanding of the process, resulting in further potential process improvements. On the other hand, the optimization technique could be applied to many other computationally intensive real-life problems. Originality/value This paper highlights how parallel multi-fidelity optimization could be used in designing an induction hardening system.

Robust design and optimization of UAV empennage

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Artur Klimczyk ◽  
Zdobyslaw Jan Goraj
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Wing Design ◽  
Surrogate Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Unmanned Air Vehicle ◽  
Splitting Problem

Purpose This paper aims to address the issue of designing aerodynamically robust empennage. Aircraft design optimization often narrowed to analysis of cruise conditions does not take into account other flight phases (manoeuvres). These, especially in unmanned air vehicle sector, can be significant part of the whole flight. Empennage is a part of the aircraft, with crucial function for manoeuvres. It is important to consider robustness for highest performance. Design/methodology/approach Methodology for robust wing design is presented. Surrogate modelling using kriging is used to reduce the optimization cost for high-fidelity aerodynamic calculations. Analysis of varying flight conditions, angle of attack, is made to assess robustness of design for particular mission. Two cases are compared: global optimization of 11 parameters and optimization divided into two consecutive sub-optimizations. Findings Surrogate modelling proves its usefulness for cutting computational time. Optimum design found by splitting problem into sub-optimizations finds better design at lower computational cost. Practical implications It is demonstrated, how surrogate modelling can be used for analysis of robustness, and why it is important to consider it. Intuitive split of wing design into airfoil and planform sub-optimizations brings promising savings in the optimization cost. Originality/value Methodology presented in this paper can be used in various optimization problems, especially those involving expensive computations and requiring top quality design.

scholarly journals Multi-Fidelity Optimization of a Composite Airliner Wing Subject to Structural and Aeroelastic Constraints

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Angelos Kafkas ◽  
Spyridon Kilimtzidis ◽  
Athanasios Kotzakolios ◽  
Vassilis Kostopoulos ◽  
George Lampeas
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Structural Representation ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Variable Fidelity

Efficient optimization is a prerequisite to realize the full potential of an aeronautical structure. The success of an optimization framework is predominately influenced by the ability to capture all relevant physics. Furthermore, high computational efficiency allows a greater number of runs during the design optimization process to support decision-making. The efficiency can be improved by the selection of highly optimized algorithms and by reducing the dimensionality of the optimization problem by formulating it using a finite number of significant parameters. A plethora of variable-fidelity tools, dictated by each design stage, are commonly used, ranging from costly high-fidelity to low-cost, low-fidelity methods. Unfortunately, despite rapid solution times, an optimization framework utilizing low-fidelity tools does not necessarily capture the physical problem accurately. At the same time, high-fidelity solution methods incur a very high computational cost. Aiming to bridge the gap and combine the best of both worlds, a multi-fidelity optimization framework was constructed in this research paper. In our approach, the low-fidelity modules and especially the equivalent-plate methodology structural representation, capable of drastically reducing the associated computational time, form the backbone of the optimization framework and a MIDACO optimizer is tasked with providing an initial optimized design. The higher fidelity modules are then employed to explore possible further gains in performance. The developed framework was applied to a benchmark airliner wing. As demonstrated, reasonable mass reduction was obtained for a current state of the art configuration.

Characterization of rotor losses in permanent magnet machines

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1215-1226
Author(s):  
Antomne Caunes ◽  
Noureddine Takorabet ◽  
Sisuda Chaithongsuk ◽  
Laurent Duranton
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Eddy Currents ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Permanent Magnet Machines ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rotor Losses

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a synthesis of the analysis and modeling of the rotor losses in high speed permanent magnets motors. Design/methodology/approach Three types of losses are as a result of eddy currents in the conductive parts of the rotor. The analysis includes their characterization and the setup of a numerical model using finite element method. The adopted methodology is based on the separation of the losses which allows a better understanding of the physical phenomena. Each type of losses will be modeled and computed separately. Findings It is possible to make a precise estimate of the different losses in the rotor while keeping a relatively short computing time. Research limitations/implications The analysis is applied on a high-speed permanent magnet motor for avionic application. The model is validated with the commercial finite element model (FEM) software Flux2D. Originality/value The developed model allows an important save in terms of CPU-time compared to commercial FEM software while staying accurate. The separation of each losses and their sources is important for motor engineers and was requested for them to improve the designs more easily.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document