scholarly journals International spectrum management regime: is gridlock blocking flexible spectrum property rights?

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Moghazi ◽  
Jason Whalley ◽  
James Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Service Allocation ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Global Harmonisation

Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of the international spectrum management regime on the introduction of flexibility in the national allocation of radiocommunication services. This is achieved through focusing on the main elements of the international regime. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative inductive methodology is adopted that examines the different elements of the international radiocommunication service allocation framework. Data are drawn from 66 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders who are actively involved in International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector discussions. Findings The international radio regulations (RR) are perceived to be more of a framework for harmonisation that does not constrain the flexibility of countries. Countries are only restricted on their borders with their neighbours, and flexibility is already facilitated through a range of different measures. Moreover, several elements of the RR can be used to achieve both, i.e. to promote flexibility and to restrict the decisions of others. Practical implications The international spectrum management regime is not one of the reasons for the unsuccessful practical application of the flexible spectrum property rights concept. This suggests the need for reviewing whether there still is a need for such a concept given the increasing importance of global harmonisation and economies of scales. Originality/value This paper sheds light on spectrum property rights from the perspective of the international spectrum management regime. Such a perspective is largely overlooked in the on-going current debate.

scholarly journals Radio quiet, please! – protecting radio astronomy from interference

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S260) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. van Driel
Keyword(s):  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Precious Resource ◽  
Regulatory Measures

AbstractThe radio spectrum is a finite and increasingly precious resource for astronomical research, as well as for other spectrum users. Keeping the frequency bands used for radio astronomy as free as possible of unwanted Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is crucial. The aim of spectrum management, one of the tools used towards achieving this goal, includes setting regulatory limits on RFI levels emitted by other spectrum users into the radio astronomy frequency bands. This involves discussions with regulatory bodies and other spectrum users at several levels – national, regional and worldwide. The global framework for spectrum management is set by the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union, which has defined that interference is detrimental to radio astronomy if it increases the uncertainty of a measurement by 10%. The Radio Regulations are revised every three to four years, a process in which four organisations representing the interests of the radio astronomical community in matters of spectrum management (IUCAF, CORF, CRAF and RAFCAP) participate actively. The current interests and activities of these four organisations range from preserving what has been achieved through regulatory measures, to looking far into the future of high frequency use and giant radio telescope use.

scholarly journals Understanding the experiences of asylum seekers

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Liebling ◽  
Shani Burke ◽  
Simon Goodman ◽  
Daniel Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Arranged Marriages ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the key issues of concern for asylum seekers in the UK by focusing on their in depth talk about their experiences, a so far neglected element in the current debate about asylum seeking. Design/methodology/approach – The study involved thematic analysis of asylum seekers’ accounts of their lives in their country of origin, their journeys to the UK and experiences following arrival. Nine participants took part in semi-structured interviews. Findings – Analysis resulted in seven themes; the importance of safety, negative experiences of the Home Office, support, emotional effects, significance of family, hopes for the future and the positive experiences of living in the UK. Research limitations/implications – Asylum seekers largely left their countries of origin to escape conflict, persecution, violence, arranged marriages and rape. They reported safety as a key concern and for this reason they were scared to return home. Practical implications – The research found Asylum seekers have fled traumatic situations and then have a difficult time in the UK. A more compassionate and supportive approach is needed. Policy recommendations are made with the aim of improving service responses. Social implications – The research demonstrates that the public understanding of asylum seeking does not match asylum seekers’ experiences and increased knowledge may help to improve this (mis) understanding. Originality/value – There is currently a lack of literature and empirical investigation of this subject area, so this research makes a contribution to the field of understanding asylum seekers’ experiences. The paper's focus is original and important combining asylum seekers’ accounts of their experiences following arrival in the UK. This subject is strategically important due to the pressing need to develop holistic and culturally sensitive research, which bridges and informs academia, more sensitive service responses and civil society.

scholarly journals European influence in ITU-R: the end of an era of dominance?

Info ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali El-Moghazi ◽  
Jason Whalley ◽  
James Irvine
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Allocation Mechanism ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The World ◽  
Spectrum Policy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the European countries in Region 1 of the Radio Sector of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-R). More specifically, the focus is on the World Radiocommunication Conference 2012 meeting to explore whether European influence is in decline. Design/methodology/approach – This article adopts in-depth case study of the 700-MHz issue. Qualitative data are drawn from semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders who participated at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2012 meeting. Findings – This article concludes that the influence of European countries in the ITU-R in Region 1 has changed. The influence of Arab and African countries has increased, with that of European countries declining. However, European countries remain more influential than their African and Arab counterparts. Research limitations/implications – This article sheds light on an often overlooked but pivotal element of the international spectrum allocation mechanism. Originality/value – This article sheds light on important developments in the international spectrum policy that are largely overlooked in the current debate.

“Care from the heart”: older minoritised women's perceptions of dignity in care

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roiyah Saltus ◽  
Christalla Pithara
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Social Markers

Purpose – Drawing findings from a large mixed-method study on perceptions of dignity, care expectations, and support in relation to older women from Black and minority-ethnic backgrounds, the purpose of this paper is to explore the interrelationships between life course events and the multiple roles adopted by women at different points in time that have shaped their perceptions of care and their care expectations in old age. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 32 semi-structured interviews were undertaken, allowing for the collection of data on the participants’ understanding of growing old, and the meaning and attributes of care and what care with dignity “looked and felt like”. The theoretical framework is guided by a life-course approach and grounded within an intersectionality perspective. The majority of the participants were migrants. Findings – Social markers such as ethnicity and cultural identity were found to influence the participants’ understanding and expectations of care with factors such as gender identity and integration in the local community also of importance. How women felt they were perceived and “recognised” by others in their everyday lives with particular focus at the time of old age with the increased potential of loss of dignity due to declining capabilities, raised the importance of the family involvement in care provision, and perceived differences in the attributes of paid and non-paid care. The notion of “care from the heart” emerged as a key attribute of care with dignity. Care with dignity was understood as a purposeful activity, undertaken with intent to show respect and to acknowledge the participants’ sense of worth and value. Practical implications – The implications of this study are relevant in the current debate taking place at the EU level about the lived experiences of ageing migrant groups and care expectations. Originality/value – The study highlights the importance of the social nature of dignity, how wider societal structures can impact and shape how care is understood for older women of migrant and minoritised backgrounds, and the need to explore migration and care across the life course.

Space wavelengths will be contested globally

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Subject Implications of the WRC-15 meeting on space. Significance The latest meeting of the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-15), closed on November 27. The WRC-15 set out the basic principles for allocating international communications spectra for the next four years, affecting telecommunications operators in 193 member states. It also responded to growing demands for satellite-based airliner flight tracking. However, a number of uncertainties affecting some aspects of space-based communications, including Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control systems, were not resolved. Impacts The ITU-led international regime will come under increasing pressure from commercial interests. It will also face challenges from political interests dissatisfied with the status quo. As a result the ITU system will struggle to maintain consensus on space-related issues.

scholarly journals Sunday is the new Saturday

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Khan
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ancillary Benefits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Considerable Support

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers, family-run small businesses (small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)) and their employees’ perceptions and attitude towards reform of the Sunday Trading Act in Britain.Design/methodology/approachA multi-method approach was employed to collect data in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 family-run small business owners/managers, 25 employees and 30 consumers. A survey was also conducted amongst 385 consumers and 279 employees. A convenience sampling method was used to collect data. Interview data were analysed by using content analysis and survey data were analysed by using descriptive statistics.FindingsThe results demonstrate considerable support for extending Sunday trading hours. Most of the arguments against the reform were found to be redundant. The findings suggest that in contemporary Britain, the restricted Sunday trading hours are perceived to be outdated and inconvenient.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings demonstrate that a paradigm shift is needed to meet and understand the changing market conditions. This exploratory study is limited to the UK. Future research will be extended to other European countries.Originality/valueThis is the first academic study to investigate the current debate regarding the deregulation of the Sunday trading hours. This study highlighted the psychographic changes and socio-economic demand in the marketplace. Sunday trading offers different types of benefits to consumers, employees and SMEs. The study proposed an original model that categorised these benefits into three major levels: primary benefits, ancillary benefits and ultimate benefits.

Prospects for internet governance in 2018

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Agency ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contested Space ◽  
International Telecommunication

Subject Prospects for internet governance in 2018. Significance Internet governance is a contested space and will stay so in the coming year. At the heart of it will be debates about building a single global regulatory agency -- the UN’s International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Global rules on e-commerce will also come to the forefront.

Analysis on the Band Plans for IMT Systems in 698-960MHz

2015 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nasruddin Atiqullah Fakrullah ◽  
Tharek Abd Rahman ◽  
Rozzeta Dolah ◽  
Umi Sabriah Haron
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Mobile Telecommunications ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Mobile Broadband ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Spectrum Band ◽  
3Rd Generation Partnership Project ◽  
National Resource

Spectrum band from 698-960 MHz has been identified for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) by International Telecommunication Union (ITU). This paper provides the analysis of potential scenarios on the band plans for mobile broadband using IMT systems in the 698-960 MHz band based on the published recommendations from ITU and from 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in order to provide reference to national administrations in performing its spectrum management role. This study focuses from the perspective of maximizing spectrum utilization of this scarce national resource with consideration of the co-existence requirements, current usages and potential interference between different frequency arrangements.

Interpersonal practice in project marketing: how institutional logics condition and change them

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-734
Author(s):  
Bernard Cova ◽  
Per Skålén ◽  
Stefano Pace
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Institutional Logic ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Project marketing is the specific activity of companies selling projects-to-order. Interpersonal practice is known to be important in this type of marketing. While this interpersonal practice has been little studied, some previous research suggests that changes in the institutional macro environment have affected it. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study today’s interpersonal practice in project business and how the institutional environment conditions it. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with marketing managers at project-based firms in different business sectors in France and Sweden. Data collection and analysis was informed by grounded theory. Findings The paper identifies three types of interpersonal practice in project marketing, referred to as the transactional, the work-based and the socializing. Changes in these are explained in relation to the three institutional logics identified in the data: the market institutional logic of business ethics, the corporate institutional logic of rationalization and the family institutional logic of gender equality. Research limitations/implications Future studies can continue and broaden this work as it regards how the institutional conditioning of interpersonal practice varies with context. Practical implications By clearly categorizing the three types of interpersonal practice and their relative role today, companies can orient the activities of salespeople, business developers and other project marketers. Social implications The paper highlights how business ethics and gender equality have changed interpersonal practices in project marketing. Originality/value The paper contributes to the current debate on project marketing by identifying three types of interpersonal practice and by illustrating how institutional logics condition and change these. The paper shows that extra-business activities are needed less than previous research has argued with regard to maintaining customer relationships in-between projects.

scholarly journals Property rights and reputation in the dairy agro-industrial system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Andrea Gómez Winkler Sudré ◽  
José Paulo de Souza ◽  
Melise Dantas Machado Bouroullec
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Structure Alignment ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Property Rights Protection

Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of governance structure alignment, property rights protection, and reputation in generating efficiency in dairy agro-industrial system in Paraná, Brazil, and Midi-Pyrénées, France. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive qualitative research, comprising semi-structured interviews with producers, processors and key agents of the dairy agrindustrial system in Brazil and France, in 2016/2017. Findings As a result, it was identified that measurement generates information about transacted dimensions and when it is shared can generate affect reputation in transactions that leads to system improvement. It was also observed that, in the dairy agro-industrial system, reputation acquired does not reduce all the measurement costs, as the product requires measurement in each all collection, regardless of the reputation created. Research limitations/implications As a limitation of the study, there is a difference in the moments when the interviews were done. In 2016, in France, the context was low prices, while in 2017, in Brazil, there was a rise in prices. This difference could have influenced some responses to the interviews, mainly about efficiency by producers. Practical implications Reputation, protecion of property rights by measurement and information sharing allows reduction costs (transaction, measurement and negotiation costs). This efficiency implies improvement to the system, in cases of milk producers and processors. Social implications Improvements in the dairy system can have repercussions on several other improvements such as better distribution of income among agents in the chain; better-paid producers, which implies the improving quality of lives of these people; better products offered to consumers. Originality/value From a complementary perspective of transaction cost economics and measurement cost economics, reputation and protection of property rights are discussed with a focus on efficiency. Empirically, the paper contains heterogeneous data collected from two countries: Brasil and France.

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