scholarly journals Radio quiet, please! – protecting radio astronomy from interference

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S260) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. van Driel
Keyword(s):  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Precious Resource ◽  
Regulatory Measures

AbstractThe radio spectrum is a finite and increasingly precious resource for astronomical research, as well as for other spectrum users. Keeping the frequency bands used for radio astronomy as free as possible of unwanted Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is crucial. The aim of spectrum management, one of the tools used towards achieving this goal, includes setting regulatory limits on RFI levels emitted by other spectrum users into the radio astronomy frequency bands. This involves discussions with regulatory bodies and other spectrum users at several levels – national, regional and worldwide. The global framework for spectrum management is set by the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union, which has defined that interference is detrimental to radio astronomy if it increases the uncertainty of a measurement by 10%. The Radio Regulations are revised every three to four years, a process in which four organisations representing the interests of the radio astronomical community in matters of spectrum management (IUCAF, CORF, CRAF and RAFCAP) participate actively. The current interests and activities of these four organisations range from preserving what has been achieved through regulatory measures, to looking far into the future of high frequency use and giant radio telescope use.

scholarly journals Radio Astronomy and the International Telecommunications Regulations

2001 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Brian Robinson
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
International Telecommunications ◽  
Year 2000

For forty years radio astronomers have had access to frequency bands allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - initially a League of Nations body (from 1919) and then a United Nations body (since 1945). Hard work and skilful negotiation by a handful of radio astronomers since 1959 have ensured viable access to scarce spectral allocations. There have been many battles won, some key battles lost. The next treaty conference of the ITU is in the year 2000.

scholarly journals Radio Astronomy and the Radio Regulations

2001 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
R. J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

This article gives a brief introduction to the status of radio astronomy within the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the body which coordinates global telecommunications. Radio astronomy entered the ITU arena in 1959 as a relative latecomer. By its nature, radio astronomy does not fit into the ITU system very well: regulators are hoping to facilitate commercial development of the radio spectrum, whereas astronomers are hoping to retain quiet frequency bands through which to study the Universe at ever higher sensitivity. Nevertheless there are major long-term goals which radio astronomers can realistically hope to achieve via the ITU in the years ahead, including more favourable frequency allocations and better regulatory protection. The prospects for radio astronomy at the forthcoming World Radio Conference WRC-2000 are reviewed. It is vital that radio astronomers participate in force at this WRC.

scholarly journals The Nature of Radio Interference and Some Lines of Defense

1991 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
J. Richard Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
The State ◽  
Radio Interference ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Technical Effort

ABSTRACTAs competition for radio spectrum space continues to increase, radio astronomers can expect to put more technical effort into ways of observing in the presence of interference. Much of the spectrum outside of exclusive radio astronomy frequency bands will continue to be available to the science if receivers and antennas are designed to make efficient use of times, frequencies, directions, and coherence envelopes that do not contain sources of interference. The paper outlines the state of the art in antenna sidelobe reduction, high dynamic range spectrometers, and receiver designs for handling large signals. Techniques for excising pulsed interference on very short timescales and a few thoughts on signal canceling techniques are discussed.

scholarly journals International spectrum management regime: is gridlock blocking flexible spectrum property rights?

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Moghazi ◽  
Jason Whalley ◽  
James Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Service Allocation ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Global Harmonisation

Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of the international spectrum management regime on the introduction of flexibility in the national allocation of radiocommunication services. This is achieved through focusing on the main elements of the international regime. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative inductive methodology is adopted that examines the different elements of the international radiocommunication service allocation framework. Data are drawn from 66 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders who are actively involved in International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector discussions. Findings The international radio regulations (RR) are perceived to be more of a framework for harmonisation that does not constrain the flexibility of countries. Countries are only restricted on their borders with their neighbours, and flexibility is already facilitated through a range of different measures. Moreover, several elements of the RR can be used to achieve both, i.e. to promote flexibility and to restrict the decisions of others. Practical implications The international spectrum management regime is not one of the reasons for the unsuccessful practical application of the flexible spectrum property rights concept. This suggests the need for reviewing whether there still is a need for such a concept given the increasing importance of global harmonisation and economies of scales. Originality/value This paper sheds light on spectrum property rights from the perspective of the international spectrum management regime. Such a perspective is largely overlooked in the on-going current debate.

Analysis on the Band Plans for IMT Systems in 698-960MHz

2015 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nasruddin Atiqullah Fakrullah ◽  
Tharek Abd Rahman ◽  
Rozzeta Dolah ◽  
Umi Sabriah Haron
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Mobile Telecommunications ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Mobile Broadband ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Spectrum Band ◽  
3Rd Generation Partnership Project ◽  
National Resource

Spectrum band from 698-960 MHz has been identified for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) by International Telecommunication Union (ITU). This paper provides the analysis of potential scenarios on the band plans for mobile broadband using IMT systems in the 698-960 MHz band based on the published recommendations from ITU and from 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in order to provide reference to national administrations in performing its spectrum management role. This study focuses from the perspective of maximizing spectrum utilization of this scarce national resource with consideration of the co-existence requirements, current usages and potential interference between different frequency arrangements.

scholarly journals Spectrum Sharing and Dynamic Spectrum Management Techniques in 5G and Beyond Networks: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi ◽  
Albena Mihovska ◽  
Ramjee Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Dynamic Spectrum ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Dynamic Spectrum Management ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

Advancing technologies and bandwidth-hungry applications have increased mobile data traffic in the radio spectrum. Utilizing spectrum is one of the indispensable performance metric seconded by techniques to increase the bandwidth. Spectrum efficient techniques have always been a part of all the generations of wireless communication. It has considered being of utmost criticality with 5G networks. The spectrum sharing and management demand contributions from technical research groups as well as regulatory bodies. Recently, many technologies proved their potentials to invoke efficient spectrum utilization. Different approaches have been considered including cognitive radio, machine learning for dynamic spectrum management, spectrum sharing, spectrum harmonization, spectrum identification strategies, etc. Efficient technology is very important in order to have high spectral as well as energy efficiency. It is also important from a cost-efficiency perspective. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the various spectrum sharing and management aspects. This comparative study is motivated to provide a clear picture to design a spectrum efficient system for 5G and beyond the network.

scholarly journals Small satellite TT&C allocations below 1 GHz: outcome of ITU WRC-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Martin von der Ohe
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Small Satellite ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Future ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Rf Spectrum

Abstract As hundreds of new small satellites are being launched each year, the RF spectrum for satellite communication becomes increasingly occupied. The International Telecommunication Union recognized this problem at World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (WRC-15) and invited study groups to investigate the utilization of frequency allocations. The studies followed a three-step approach: first, the TT&C spectrum requirements of small satellites, being a new class of satellites, were assessed. Second, the utilization of existing TT&C frequency allocations and their potential to incorporate the future number of satellites was studied. Third, the study groups investigated new potential TT&C frequency allocations in the frequency ranges 150.05–174 MHz and 400.15–420 MHz. The studies were completed for WRC-19. This paper presents the results of the study groups. A study of the spectrum requirements of small satellites has been completed. The required spectrum for TT&C was estimated to be less than 2.5 MHz for downlink and less than 1 MHz for uplink. Consequently, the study groups conducted sharing studies in various bands which yield that no new allocations are suitable for small satellite TT&C on a co-channel sharing basis. However, regulatory measures are proposed that in the study groups’ view will satisfy the small satellite developers’ needs. The paper will summarize the regulatory measures taken after WRC-19 along with a personal appraisal of the author.

scholarly journals Radio Astronomy and the CCIR

1991 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
Vernon Pankonin
Keyword(s):  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Space Research ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Consultative Committee ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Special Event ◽  
Technical Advice ◽  
Group 2

ABSTRACTThe International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) is a permanent organization within the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The purpose of the CCIR is to provide technical advice to the ITU and its various organs and members on the characteristics of the radio services which are governed by the International Radio Regulations, a product of the ITU. This is accomplished through reports and recommendations which may result from the regularly scheduled meetings of the CCIR or from meetings convened to prepare for a special event such as an upcoming World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC). The CCIR is divided into Study Groups. Study Group 2 covers Space Research and Radioastronomy. This paper describes the interactions of radio astronomers with Study Group 2. The radio astronomy related Study Questions currently before this Study Group are delineated, and the nature of the active reports and recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Frequency Allocation for Radio Astronomy at the L Band

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Z. Abidin ◽  
R. Umar ◽  
Z. A. Ibrahim ◽  
Z. Rosli ◽  
K. Asanok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Radio Frequency Interference ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Frequency Allocation ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
L Band

AbstractIn this paper, the frequency allocation reserved for radio astronomy in the L band set by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which is between 1400 and 1427 MHz, is reviewed. We argue that the nearby frequencies are still very important for radio astronomers on the ground by investigating radio objects (H i sources) around 1300–1500 MHz. The L-band window is separated into a group of four windows, namely 1400–1427 MHz (window A), 1380–1400 MHz (window B), 1350–1380 MHz (window C), and 1300–1350 MHz (window D). These windows are selected according to their redshifts from a rest frequency for hydrogen spectral line at 1420.4057 MHz. Radio objects up to z ≈ 0.1 or frequency down to 1300 MHz are examined. We argue that since window B has important radio objects within the four windows, this window should also be given to radio astronomy. They are galaxies, spiral galaxies, and galaxy clusters. This underlines the significance of window B for radio astronomers on the ground. By investigating the severeness of radio frequency interference (RFI) within these windows, we have determined that window B still has significant, consistent RFI. The main RFI sources in the four windows have also been identified. We also found that the Department of Civil Aviation of Malaysia is assigned a frequency range of 1215–1427 MHz, which is transmitted within the four windows and inside the protected frequency for radio astronomy. We also investigated the RFI in the four windows on proposed sites of future radio astronomy observatories in Malaysia and Thailand and found the two best sites as Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) and Ubon Ratchathani, respectively. It has also been determined that RFI in window B increases with population density.

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