Technology and Policy: System Acquisition in a Complex Operational Environment

The United States’ (US) ability to maintain a technological edge in the current operational environment is challenged by the increased ability of near-peer nations to produce military technology. In response to this problem, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) seeks to model the three key elements of military system acquisition—context, product, and process—to develop a more comprehensive understanding regarding how and why nations acquire technical solutions. Through the application of the System Dynamics Modeling Process (SDMP), this research examines the interactions between the strategic context of Germany, the military products it acquires to address its operational needs, and the processes it employs to acquire military technology. The results of this research indicate that numerous dynamic variables of context impact the acquisitions process for Germany, particularly political support and subsequent monetary allocations to research and development.

SOCIAL ECONOMY ENTITIES IN PUBLIC POLICY

This paper focuses on the issue social economy entities and the role they play in the public policy. The paper argues in favour of the thesis that social economy entities are an important component of what can be described as the capacity of the public policy system in a given country. They contribute significant resources – intellectual, organisational, executive [financial], etc. – to the system. The larger these resources are, the more efficient the whole system becomes, i.e. the ability to identify key public issues and to program their solutions, to implement these solutions and to evaluate the results of public policy actions in various forms. It indicates that it is in the interest of the State and the general public to strengthen the social economy entity sector.

Zagadnienie skuteczności pomocy społecznej. Symboliczna (oczekiwana) tożsamość klienta pomocy społecznej. Pomoc społeczna jako gra o kontrolę sfer niepewności. (Raport z badań)

The article pertain to a case study research of social assistance processes in a social policy system of G. city. A main method of investigation was opened, unstandardized systematic interviews with social workers, political figures and administrators of the system. Social services in experiences of our respondents we have interpreted as games for uncertainty control. The games in perspectives of social workers and administrators of the system we understand as pedagogical environments for customers which in the processes of these interactional games shape many of the social, adaptive skills. Such skills enable customers institutional identity management and effective winning spheres of freedom from control. Behavioural strategies of social workers in institutional and organizational environment in relation to customers we conceptualize as exchange models of a “gift for power” above customers spheres of uncertainty control. Inefficiency of social assistance comes from incapacity of such aid to effectively exchange gifts for uncertainty control in daily situations for customers. The Institution of social services has many functional substitutes in social, political and economic environments which are much more effective. Second goal of our investigation was a presentation and portrayal of the real pedagogical environment of social workers. Theory of social intervention and social pedagogy suffers from too many abstracts from reality foundations, premises und presumptions. So social pedagogy as practical science needs also careful and diligent investigation of real social practices in institutional and organizational environment of social policy systems.

Decentralising Data Collection and Centralising Information in the People’s Republic of China: Decentralise, Manage, and Service Reforms

Xi Jinping’s ascent to power as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was accompanied by changes in national governance strategies in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) that have progressively incorporated the use of big data. Shortly after, in May 2015, the Chinese State Council released a set of policy reforms under the abbreviation fang guan fu 放管服 (decentralise, manage, and service). These reforms promoted big data led (1) market regulation, (2) supervision and management systems, and (3) service provision processes. By applying a case study analytical approach, this paper explores how advancements in big data contributed to these reforms aimed at centralising information in China. Combining the joint knowledge of surveillance and China studies scholarship, this paper offers evidence of big data surveillance streamlining China’s fragmented intergovernmental policy system. We build on David Murakami Wood’s 2017 outline of a political theory of surveillance and argue that decentralisation of data collection points and centralisation of both bureaucratic and public access to information are key components of the Party-state’s regulatory governance strategy incorporating the use of big data and comprehensive surveillance. Our findings have implications for future analyses of the relationship between political organisations and surveillance within other nation-state contexts, particularly in situations where Chinese technologies and systems are being adopted and adapted.

A Comparative Study of Economic Policies Based on Green Energy Transformation

Faced with increasingly serious climate and environmental problems, the green transformation of the energy structure is imminent. Energy development is related to a country’s economic lifeline, and the level of energy green transition is a key factor in determining the degree of low-carbon economic development. As an important way to internalize the externalities of environmental behavior, the degree of perfection of economic policies has a direct impact on the energy transition process. As an important means to promote the adjustment of energy structure, economic policies can internalize the positive or negative externalities of corporate environmental behaviors, and play an unparalleled role in the process of promoting the green transformation of energy. This article takes Germany, France, Japan, and Australia as the research objects of the four countries with relatively advanced energy transition economic policy systems, and fully analyzes the above-mentioned countries’ practices in fiscal and taxation policies, green finance, and market systems, and combines China’s energy transition economic policies. Implementation status, and corresponding suggestions for the construction of China’s energy transition policy system.

STUDY OF ISLAMIC MONETARY POLICY LITERATURE: (Effectiveness of Real Sector Performance Strengthening)

The purpose of this article is to analyze how effective the Islamic monetary policy system is in maintaining or improving the performance of the real sector. And how Islamic monetary economic policy is able to maintain stability between the real sector and the monetary sector compared to the implementation of conventional monetary economic policy. The research design uses library research design (library study design). namely a research by studying, researching and reviewing relevant library materials. The data collection method used in this study is documentation, namely the method of data collection by reviewing various books (literature) that are relevant to the subject matter to be studied. With data analysis techniques using content analysis techniques, (Content Analysis) is research that is in-depth discussion of the contents of a written or printed information in the mass media. Which in the analysis it was found that Islamic monetary policy is effective in improving the performance of the real sector.

Application of an Implementation Framework Using Mixed Methods in Preschool Settings

Research Findings. Application of mixed methods in a dissemination and implementation framework can give researchers a better understanding of the reach and delivery of early childhood obesity prevention programs in preschool settings, as well as potential facilitators and barriers related to implementation and sustainability. This study utilized a simultaneous, exploratory, mixed-methods design to investigate individual-, organizational-, and intervention-level factors that were related to the implementation and sustainability of policy, system, and environment (PSE) changes as part of a larger obesity prevention program in a randomly selected sample of preschool centers ( n = 20). Individual-level factors, and specifically the attitudes and skills of preschool providers, were identified in both the qualitative and quantitative data as important factors related to the sustainability of PSE changes ( r = .56, p < .01). Staff and leadership engagement and adaptability of the program were also identified as important factors related to the implementation and sustainability of PSE changes. Practice or Policy. These findings highlight the complexity of implementation success and suggest PSE obesity prevention interventions in preschool centers require the consideration of numerous, multilevel factors to ensure programming is impactful and sustained over time.

Connotation and Construction of “Lancang-Mekong Community of Shared Future” through Sports Cooperation

In essence, the community with a shared future for mankind is a community of values, which has entered the stage of strategic implementation. The Lancang Mekong River Basin countries share the same river water, which has already bred the community concept of "relatives, neighbors and friends", and is the priority area of "building a community with a shared future for mankind". As an important channel to expand international cooperation space, the sports field should constantly promote practical cooperation and help the construction of "Lancang Mekong community of common destiny". Based on the Lancang Mekong cooperation mechanism and regional characteristics, this paper holds the connection and maintenance functions of "easy" and "regular" contained in sports, and puts forward the following ideas: make a top-level design of policies, actively incorporate into the policy system of regional cooperation mechanism; connect with national strategies, declare various special funds to provide financial support; deepen sports tourism cooperation and promote the Lancang Mekong nationality Traditional sports games and cultural festivals create the brand of Lancang Mekong events, enhance the consciousness of Lancang Mekong, and form the Lancang Mekong sports culture; play the role of "non-state actors" such as overseas Chinese, industry associations and Universities, expand the "individual" interaction field, and provide internal driving force for the construction of "Lancang Mekong Community of Shared future".

Users’ Satisfaction to Medical Examination and Treatment Services with Health Insurance Cards In NINH BINH Province, Vietnam

Health insurance is an important social policy with humanitarian meaning and profound community sharing, which is highly valued and promoted by the Vietnamese Government in the social security policy system. Therefore, it is necessary to study users’ satisfaction to medical examination and treatment services with health insurance cards. Based on the questionnaire surveys, the research team conducted Cronbach's Alpha analysis of each factor, assessed the scale reliability. Multivariate regression and ANOVA test showed that all four components: health services, human resources, medical examination and treatment costs, medical information and medical products positively affected users’ satisfaction to medical examination and treatment services with health insurance cards in Ninh Binh province, Vietnam. Based on the survey results and the information exchanged directly with people who came for medical examination and treatment, the research team drew out shortcomings in medical examination and treatment for users of health insurance card sin Ninh Binh province. Shortcomings in medical examination and treatment with health insurance cards were pointed out as an important basis for proposals to improve the medical examination and treatment quality for insured subjects including: Health insurance costs and response levels; Medical examination and treatment process with health insurance and doctor’s responsibility. Reasonable waiting time and hospital environment; Health insurance-based drug delivery.