Studies show link between gender stereotyping and harsher punishments for workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Confirmation Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Expectancy Confirmation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Polar Opposite

Purpose The researchers set up two studies to test their theory that gender-stereotypical counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) were more likely to be harshly punished than non-gender stereotypical ones. Design/methodology/approach Two rival theories were used. Expectancy–confirmation theory suggests people process behavior more easily when it fits in with their expectations. But expectancy–violation theory argues the polar opposite. It states that perceivers react more negatively when bad behavior is inconsistent with their expectations. They carried out two studies. The first one analyzed the appeals of 197 federal employees against their CWBs. The second one was a simulation using MBA students to test the findings of study one. Findings Study one confirmed the concept of expectancy–confirmation theory for both men and women. Gender-stereotypical CWBs led to more dismissals. The second study supported the first study’s result, but only for women. The opposite result prevailed for men. Originality/value The studies are important because they show that gender stereotypes can influence the perceptions of individuals in charge of punishment. This is something that organizations need to be aware of as it is important for them to be consistent. Punishment decisions, the authors suggest, “have important consequences for not only the target of punishment, but also can have a powerful social effect upon the broader organization.”

When and why organizational cynicism leads to CWBs

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Naseer ◽  
Usman Raja ◽  
Fauzia Syed ◽  
Muhammad Usman Anwar Baig
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Cynicism ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeUsing conservation of resources theory (COR), the authors test the combined effects of cynicism and psychological capital on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) mediated through emotional exhaustion.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a time-lagged independent source sample (N = 181) consisting of employee–peer dyads from service industry in Pakistan.FindingsModerated mediated regression analyses indicated that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between organizational cynicism and counterproductive work behaviors. Psychological capital moderates the relationship between organizational cynicism and emotional exhaustion such that organizational cynicism is positively related to exhaustion when psychological capital is low. Furthermore, conditional indirect effects show that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between organizational cynicism and counterproductive work behaviors only when employees' psychological capital is low.Originality/valueThe study suggests new mechanisms and boundary conditions through which cynicism triggers CWBs. The authors discuss the implications of the study’s findings and suggest possible directions for future research.

Social media snooping on job applicants

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1261-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bret Becton ◽  
H. Jack Walker ◽  
J. Bruce Gilstrap ◽  
Paul H. Schwager
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behavior ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Networking Website

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how HR professionals use social networking website information to evaluate applicants’ propensity to engage in counterproductive work behaviors and suitability for hire. Design/methodology/approach Using an experimental design, 354 HR professionals participated in a two-part study. In part 1, participants viewed a fictitious resume and rated the applicant’s likelihood to engage in counterproductive work behavior as well as likelihood of a hiring recommendation. In part 2, participants viewed a fictitious social networking website profile for the applicant and repeated the ratings from part 1. The authors analyzed their responses to determine the effect viewing a social network website (SNW) profile had on ratings of the applicant. Findings Unprofessional SNW information negatively affected ratings of applicants regardless of applicants’ qualifications, while professional SNW profile information failed to improve evaluations regardless of qualifications. Originality/value Anecdotal reports suggest that many employers use SNW information to eliminate job applicants from consideration despite an absence of empirical research that has examined how SNW content influences HR recruiters’ evaluation of job applicants. This study represents one of the first attempts to understand how HR professionals use such information in screening applicants. The findings suggest that unprofessional SNW profiles negatively influence recruiter evaluations while professional SNW profile content has little to no effect on evaluations.

Upward feedback falling on deaf ears: the effect on provider organizational citizenship and counterproductive work behaviors in the audit profession

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Vagner ◽  
Leslie Helen Blix ◽  
Marc Ortegren ◽  
Kate Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Feedback Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Upward Feedback ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
To Receive

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how firms can enhance feedback systems by studying the effects of offering junior auditors an opportunity to provide upward feedback and acknowledging their voice has been heard and will be considered for evaluation purposes. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a 2 × 1 + 1 (voice confirmation × opportunity + no opportunity) between-subjects experimental design that manipulated upward feedback opportunity (i.e., opportunity or no opportunity) and voice confirmation for those that do receive upward feedback opportunity (i.e., receive indication upward feedback was heard and will be considered or receive no indication upward feedback was heard). Within the no upward feedback opportunity condition participants did not have a chance to receive voice confirmation. Findings Through analysis of 117 upper-division undergraduate accounting students, the authors find the receipt of upward feedback opportunity and voice confirmation positively influence justice perceptions. Furthermore, the authors find interactional justice is positively associated with organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), negatively associated with counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) and mediates the association between upward feedback voice confirmation and both OCB and CWB through indirect-only mediation. The authors also find distributive justice facilitates competitive and indirect-only mediation between upward feedback opportunity and OCB and CWB. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the influence of giving staff auditors the opportunity to provide upward feedback and informing upward feedback providers (e.g., staff) their voice has been heard and will be considered for evaluation purposes.

The moderating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between supervisor conflict and employees’ counterproductive work behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ma ◽  
Cong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Design Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeResearch concludes that supervisor conflict is a primary antecedent of employee counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). However, previous studies mainly focused on direct supervisor conflict, with indirect supervisor conflict understudied. To fill the research gap, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between indirect supervisor conflict and employee CWBs and the buffering effect of emotional intelligence on indirect supervisor conflict–CWB relationships in two studies.Design/methodology/approachThe study used time-lagged design (Study 1) and longitudinal design (Study 2) with multisource data to test the theoretical model presented in this study.FindingsThe positive relationship between indirect supervisor conflict and CWBs were consistently supported with self-report CWBs but not with coworker-report CWBs. SEA and OEA were found to buffer the indirect supervisor conflict–CWB relationships with both self-report and coworker-report CWBs.Originality/valueThe study suggests that while covert and implicit, indirect supervisor conflict could drive employees to engage in CWBs that impose a threat to organization and its members. The emotional-appraisal aspect of emotional intelligence (i.e. SEA and OEA) could help employees to better cope with indirect supervisor conflict and mitigate employees’ engagement in CWBs.

On the effectiveness of peer reporting policies

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Lyons ◽  
Nathan A. Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Peer Reporting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Person Variable

Purpose Unlike general codes of conduct, little is known about whether peer reporting policies achieve their intended purpose – that is, to increase the base rate of peer reporting counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). The purpose of this paper is to use a person-situation perspective to examine if and when peer reporting policies impact the base rate of peer reporting CWBs. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from 271 employed participants and used moderated regression to examine whether policy presence and strength (situational variables) enhanced the relationship between a subjective obligation to report CWBs (person variable) and the base rate of peer reporting CWBs. This study also explored whether these interactions differ by CWB target (i.e. the organization vs coworkers). Findings Both situational variables – policy presence and policy strength – moderated the relationship between an obligation to report CWBs and the base rate of peer reporting CWBs. The interactions also differed by CWB target. Originality/value This study represents one of the initial academic investigations into the effectiveness of peer reporting policies. It primarily draws on the person-situation perspective to explain why peer reporting policies should influence the base rate of peer reporting CWBs. The results support the impact of peer reporting policies, but also suggest the benefit of examining different targets of CWB to help clarify when peer reporting policies are actually effective.

When does witnessing patient mistreatment hurt nurses' performance? Gauging the moderation roles of self-concern and other-orientation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa E. Baranik ◽  
Yue Zhu ◽  
Mo Wang ◽  
Wei Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Prosocial Orientation ◽  
Other Orientation ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Experience Emotion

PurposeResearch has found that the effects of directly experiencing mistreatment at work are consistently negative; however, results from studies examining employees' reactions to witnessing mistreatment are less consistent. This study focuses on nurses witnessing patient mistreatment in order to examine how third parties respond when witnessing patients mistreating co-workers. We argue that nurses high on other-orientation are less likely to experience emotion exhaustion in the face of witnessing patient mistreatment, whereas nurses high on self-concern are more likely to experience emotional exhaustion. We further argue that the indirect effect of witnessing patient mistreatment on job performance through emotional exhaustion is moderated by other-orientation and self-concern.Design/methodology/approachWe used data collected at two time points, with six months apart, from 287 nurses working in a hospital. The study tests the hypotheses by using multiple regression analyses.FindingsEmotional exhaustion mediated the relationships between witnessing patient mistreatment and two forms of job performance: patient care behaviors and counterproductive work behaviors. Furthermore, other-orientation moderated these indirect relationships such that the indirect relationships were weaker when other-orientation was high (vs. low). Self-concern did not moderate these relationships.Practical implicationsService and care-oriented businesses may protect their employees from the risk of burnout by promoting prosocial orientation among their patient and customer-facing employees.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the detrimental effects of witnessing patient mistreatment on nurses' performance. It also extends the current understanding of why and when witnessing patient mistreatment is related to performance by demonstrating the joint effects of witnessing patient mistreatment and an individual difference construct, other-orientation on employees' performance.

Dark triad and situational variables and their relationship to career success and counterproductive work behaviors among employees in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Cohen ◽  
Emrah Özsoy
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Career Success ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Situational Variables

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between dark triad personality (DTP) and organizational and individual counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) and perceived career success among employees in Turkey. Additionally, the study examined the effects of four situational variables: perceived organizational politics, transparency, psychological contract breach, and accountability.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 156 employees across five service organizations in Sakarya, Turkey, using the survey method.FindingsThe regression analysis findings showed that the three traits of the DTP, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy were significantly related to both organizational and interpersonal dimensions of the CWB. Narcissism was not related to any of the dimensions of CWB. The findings showed no significant relationship between any of the four situational variables and the two forms of CWB. However, three of the situational variables were related to perceived career success, while the three dimensions of DTP were not.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitations of this study are its cross-sectional design and the self-reported measures of the dependent variables. Interestingly, the study showed that having high levels of DTP does not necessarily promote their careers.Originality/valueThis study contributes to examining career success as a dependent variable in addition to CWB. The findings showed that situational variables are related to career success, and DTP is related to CWB. This finding has both conceptual and practical implications.

Minimizing counterproductive work behaviors

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Ting Huang ◽  
Hsi-Sheng Sun ◽  
Chia-Hua Hsiao ◽  
Ching-Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Partial Least Squares Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceived Job Insecurity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is not only to investigate the impact of self-determined motivation on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs), but also to examine the moderating role of perceived job insecurity in CWB. Design/methodology/approach This study utilized Partial Least Squares analysis to examine the data. In total, 292 private bank employees that experienced bank mergers and acquisitions before were invited to participate in this study. Findings The study findings have indicated that perceived autonomy will be positively linked to perceived competence and relatedness, and perceived competence and relatedness will be negatively associated with organizational and interpersonal CWB. Moreover, it has been found that perceived job insecurity could play a key role in moderating the link between self-determined motivation and CWB. Originality/value Although several researchers have highly focused on the critical roles of self-determined motivation and perceived job insecurity in organizational competitiveness, little is known about whether perceived job insecurity could play a key role in moderating the relationship between self-determined motivation and CWBs.

Self-concept content and structure: motivation and performance implications

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marne H. Pomerance ◽  
Patrick D. Converse ◽  
Nicholas A. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
The Self ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
And Performance

PurposeSubstantial research has examined the self-concept, but little work has investigated the contents and structure of the self-concept in combination within performance settings, particularly from a within-person perspective. Thus, this research developed and examined a conceptual framework based on Greenwald et al. (2002) to understand how core self-evaluations (CSE) and self-concept clarity (SCC) interact to influence motivational orientation with implications for performance dimensions.Design/methodology/approachFull-time employees (N = 138) completed daily measures of CSE, SCC, motivational orientation, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) over the course of three weeks.FindingsMultilevel modeling indicated CSE influences motivational orientation, SCC can moderate these relationships and motivational orientation relates to OCBs and counterproductive work behaviors.Originality/valueThis work contributes to this research area by developing and examining an integrative conceptual framework involving aspects of self-concept, motivation and performance from a within-person perspective.

A meta-analytic investigation of cyberloafing

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany K. Mercado ◽  
Casey Giordano ◽  
Stephan Dilchert
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Meta Analyses

Purpose Cyberloafing, using technology to idle instead of work, is a particularly concerning issue for many organizations due to its perceived widespread impact on productivity. The purpose of this paper is to meta-analytically examine the growing literature on this construct in order to gain insights into its nomological network and guide future research. Design/methodology/approach After a systematic literature search, the authors conducted psychometric meta-analyses to estimate the relationships of 39 different correlates with cyberloafing. The meta-analytic database was comprised of 54 independent samples contributing 609 effect sizes. Findings Results indicate that boredom, engagement, and self-control exhibit strong relationships with cyberloafing, but employees’ attitudes surrounding and opportunities to engage in cyberloafing also proved powerful predictors. Contrary to common stereotypes, age and other demographic variables exhibited negligible effects. Employment variables (e.g. tenure, organization level, and income) were also negligibly related to cyberloafing. Emotional stability, conscientiousness, and agreeableness exhibited modest negative relationships with cyberloafing, whereas self-control demonstrated a strong negative relationship. Although cyberloafing strongly correlated with overall counterproductive work behaviors, the findings suggest it is unrelated to other components of job performance. Research limitations/implications Because the cyberloafing literature is in its early stages, the present study drew on a limited number of samples for several of the relationships analyzed. Rather than providing conclusive evidence of the nomological network of cyberloafing, these analyses reinforce the need for empirical investigation into several important relationships. Originality/value As the first quantitative review of the emerging cyberloafing literature, this study synthesizes related studies from disparate disciplines, examines the nomological network of cyberloafing, and highlights future directions for research into this phenomenon.

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