Effect of non-uniform skin of “Walter” on the evaporative resistance and thermal insulation of clothing

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Shi ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xiaoming Qian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Permeability Index ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Being There

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the evaporative resistance and thermal insulation of clothing measured by thermal manikin “Walter” using uniform and non-uniform skin. Design/methodology/approach The non-uniform skin with different perspiration rates was made by laminating a silicone layer on the inner side of a uniform skin. The thermal manikin was then covered with prepared non-uniform skin as well as uniform one. Four types of clothing ensembles were tested. Findings The relative intensity of perspiration rate was realized in different part of “Walter” skin, which was close to the perspiration rate of human being. There was a strong correlation between uniform skin and non-uniform skin. The thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of clothing measured on the non-uniform skin were higher than the ones determined on the uniform skin. However, their moisture permeability index showed the reversed tendency. Research limitations/implications The implication of the research is to investigate the differences between uniform skin and non-uniform skin for manikin “Walter.” This is possibly useful in correcting and predicting more accurate thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of clothing measured by “Walter” with a uniform skin in future. Originality/value It was more accurate using non-uniform skin in evaluating thermal and wet comfort comparing to uniform skin.

The impact of structural solutions used in clothing protecting against cold on its thermal insulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Katarzyna Dabrowska
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Solutions ◽  
Dominant Influence

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of design solutions used in clothing on the thermal resistance of the material systems from which the clothing is made, design solutions used in clothing on its thermal insulation and clothing size on its thermal insulation properties. Design/methodology/approach This study involved laboratory tests of clothing protecting against cold and textile systems used in this type of garment using a “skin model” test stand and a thermal manikin. Findings Analysis of the results obtained from tests carried out showed that the design solutions used in a garment can model its local and overall insulation. It was found that using a bib in trousers has a dominant influence on the thermal properties of clothing. An important parameter is also the use of a hood, as well as the length of the jacket. No significant effect of other structural solutions, such as jacket fastening, pockets and reflective tapes, on the thermal performance of the clothing set was noted. Originality/value Although the reports available in the literature pay a lot of attention to the impact of the design of clothing protecting against cold on its thermal performance, most of the presented research results relate to the aspects of fit, whereas the analyses of the effects of other aspects of garment construction on thermal properties are lacking. Therefore, the analysis of the impact of design solutions used in clothing on its thermal insulation properties is a key original factor of this paper.

Research on thermal property and temperature rating prediction of Mongolian robe ensembles

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Guo ◽  
Hui Shi ◽  
Chenglong Wei ◽  
Xiao Dong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Thermal Property ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
Photographic Method ◽  
Mongolian Plateau ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Better Than

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal the unique thermal property of Mongolian clothing from the current western clothing and explain their environmental adaptation to the climate of Mongolian plateau in China. Design/methodology/approach Thermal insulation and the temperature rating (TR) of eight Mongolian robe ensembles and two western clothing ensembles were investigated by manikin testing and wearing trials, respectively. The clothing area factor (fcl) of these Mongolian clothing was measured by photographic method and estimated equation from ISO 15831. Finally, the TR prediction model for Mongolian clothing was built and compared with current models for western clothing in ISO 7730 and for Tibetan clothing in previous article. Findings The results demonstrated that the total thermal insulation of Mongolian robe ensembles was much bigger than that of western clothing ensembles and ranged from 1.81clo to 3.11clo during the whole year. The fcl of the Mongolian clothing should be determined by photographic method because the differences between these two methods were much bigger from 0.6 to 13.9 percent; the TR prediction model for Mongolian robe ensembles is TR=25.57−7.13Icl, which revealed that the environmental adaptation of Mongolian clothing was much better than that of western clothing and similar to that of Tibetan clothing. Originality/value The research findings give a detailed information about the thermal property of China Mongolian clothing, and explain the environmental adaptation of Mongolian clothing to the cold and changing climate.

scholarly journals Inter-laboratory proficiency tests in measuring thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of clothing using the Newton-type thermal manikin

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Młynarczyk ◽  
George Havenith ◽  
Jean Léonard ◽  
Rui Martins ◽  
Simon Hodder
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Vapor Transfer ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Wet Heat

Clothing acts as an important barrier for heat and vapor transfer between the human body and the environment. Parameters that could describe that transfer include, inter alia, thermal insulation (the so-called dry heat exchange) and evaporative resistance (the so-called wet heat exchange). Once the above-mentioned parameters are determined, it is possible to consciously adapt clothing ensembles to the existing thermal environment in the workplace. In order to validate the mentioned method of thermal insulation and evaporative resistance measurements, proficiency tests (PTs) were organized. The main goal of the PT was to compare thermal insulation and evaporative resistance for one set of clothing using the Newton-type thermal manikin. In total, four laboratories participated in the PT study. The reference value of the thermal insulation ( It) and evaporative resistance ( Ret) were calculated as the mean of all the results. The assessment criteria included permissible errors for thermal insulation and evaporative resistance measurements, which were 4% and 10%, respectively. Calculations included, inter alia, z-scores and indicators, such as the inter-laboratory coefficient of variation or the reproducibility limit. The results contribute to the worldwide discussion on standardized studies of evaporative resistance of clothing.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Specialised Firefighter Clothing Used in Poland – the Thermal Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1(139)) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Magdalena Młynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Parameters ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Local Thermal Insulation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the characteristic thermal parameters of firefighters’ personal protective clothing (FFPPC) used in Poland. The total thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of three different types of FFPPC were measured and used on a thermal manikin. Next, the results were compared. Based on the analyses and calculations of the test results, it was shown that FFPPC provides a barrier to the heat exchange between the user and the surrounding environment. Differences in the local thermal insulation can be triggered not only by the material used but they can also be attributable to clothes fitted on the manikin. The biggest differences can be noted on the segments forming part of the manikin’s trunk. No difference was found in the evaporative resistance between the clothes tested. In order to examine further the impact of the materials used on thermal parameters of protective clothing, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the impact of individual layers.

scholarly journals Focus groups and prime ministers’ chiefs of staff

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick A.W. Rhodes ◽  
Anne Tiernan
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Being There ◽  
Administrative Elites

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline the current state of political and administrative ethnography in political science and public administration before suggesting that focus groups are a useful tool in the study of governing elites. They provide an alternative way of “being there” when the rules about secrecy and access prevent participant observation. Briefly, it describes the job of Prime Ministers’ Chiefs of Staff before explaining the research design, the preparations for the focus group sessions, and the strategies used to manage the dynamics of a diverse group that included former political enemies and factional rivals. Design/methodology/approach – It outlines the approach to analysis and interpretation before reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of focus groups for research into political and administrative elites. Findings – It concludes that focus groups are a valuable tool for making tacit knowledge explicit, especially when all participants work in a shared governmental tradition. Originality/value – It is the first project to use focus groups to study the political elites of Westminster systems, let alone Australian government.

Thermal insulation and morphology of natural and synthetic filled outdoor sportswear by repeated water washing and dry cleaning

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-443
Author(s):  
Sunyoung Kim ◽  
Eunae Kim ◽  
Youngmi Park
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Dry Cleaning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Filling Materials

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the thermal insulation and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) according to the type of the filling material, and compared the thermal insulation in the dynamic state considering actual wearing conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe thermal insulation and WVTR were evaluated in a standard state depending on the type of filling material (goose down (GD), duck down (DD), Thinsulate700 (T700), Thinsulate600 (T600) and Polyester (PET)), and the changes in thermal insulation were examined by measuring the microclimate in the case of an environmental change from a high temperature to a low temperature. In addition, the clumping of filling material and the changes in the thickness/weight depending on the laundry process were observed, and the relationships with the thermal insulation were analyzed.FindingsThe results showed that for natural filling materials (GD and DD), the thermal insulation deteriorated significantly due to changes in the thickness/weight after laundering ten times, and water washing was more appropriate than the dry cleaning. On the other hand, the artificial filling materials (T700, T600 and PET) showed a relatively smaller difference, except for clumping, when they went through more dry cleaning or water washing cycles compared to the natural filling materials.Originality/valueThe results showed that the laundry methods have different effects on the damage to the filling material, the change in thermal insulation, and the change in the comfort-related physical property. Therefore, it is important to select the optimal laundry method depending on the filling material.

scholarly journals Charting new territory for organizational ethnography

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Smets ◽  
Gary Burke ◽  
Paula Jarzabkowski ◽  
Paul Spee
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Organizational Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Video Ethnography ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Organizational Ethnography ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Being There

Purpose – Increasing complexity, fragmentation, mobility, pace, and technological intermediation of organizational life make “being there” increasingly difficult. Where do ethnographers have to be, when, for how long, and with whom to “be there” and grasp the practices, norms, and values that make the situation meaningful to natives? These novel complexities call for new forms of organizational ethnography. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the above issues. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors respond to these calls for innovative ethnographic methods in two ways. First, the paper reports on the practices and ethnographic experiences of conducting a year-long team-based video ethnography of reinsurance trading in London. Findings – Second, drawing on these experiences, the paper proposes a framework for systematizing new approaches to organizational ethnography and visualizing the ways in which they are “expanding” ethnography as it was traditionally practiced. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the ethnographic literature in three ways: first, the paper develops a framework for charting new approaches to ethnography and highlight its different dimensions – site, instrument, and fieldworker. Second, the paper outlines the opportunities and challenges associated with these expansions, specifically with regard to research design, analytical rigour, and communication of results. Third, drawing on the previous two contributions, the paper highlights configurations of methodological expansions on the aforementioned dimensions that are more promising than others in leveraging new technologies and approaches to claim new territory for organizational ethnography and enhance its relevance for understanding today's multifarious organizational realities.

Virtual and augmented reality in libraries and the education sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adetoun A. Oyelude
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Western World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
Being There

Purpose Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are technologies gaining more ground, and their uses in libraries and for educational purposes are expanding. Design/methodology/approach Ethical and legal issues in the use of VR and AR are bound to arise in future if the technology is used for less-than-laudable functions. Findings For now, the Western world uses both technologies more, even though it is free and, in some cases, less expensive than before now. Originality/value It superimposes a computer-generated image on a user’s view of the real world, providing a composite view. Both technologies aim to make the user feel a sense of being there and experiencing what is being viewed in real time.

Human capital analytics: the winding road

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Kamp Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
A Value ◽  
Being There ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the question: human capital analytics (HR analytics) – are we there yet? It will seek to clarify what is meant by “being there yet” and it will argue that the most positive proponents for this field are way too optimistic about the current state and what impact it will have on HR in the short-to-medium term but that the long-term outlook remain positive for the field. Design/methodology/approach This is a viewpoint paper and the conclusions draw upon the author’s experience in the field. Findings It has been widely acknowledged that HR analytics is still a fairly immature field and has not yet reached its full potential. In this viewpoint, the author argues that the most positive proponents for this field are way too optimistic about the current state and what impact it will have on HR in the short-to-medium term but that the long-term outlook remains positive for the field. The author names four main reasons why HR analytics is still in its infancy: maturity, mindset, organization and competencies. Practical implications If these four aspects are addressed, the HR analytics function will be able to contribute much more to HR’s role as a value generator. Originality/value Focusing on these aspects will set HR analytics up for success and will lead to potentially large shareholder value creation.

Effects of hip protective clothing on thermal wear comfort of clothing ensembles

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiah Wardiningsih ◽  
Olga Troynikov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wear Comfort ◽  
Ensemble Performance ◽  
Clothing Style ◽  
Thermal Wear ◽  
Moisture Vapour

Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of hip protective clothing on ensemble performance attributes related to thermal comfort. It also explores the effect on protective pads of various materials and the arrangements of material. The thermal comfort characteristics are thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance. Design/methodology/approach For this research, four ensembles of clothing were used: one ensemble without hip protective clothing and three ensembles with hip protective clothing. A thermal manikin was used to test the thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of the ensembles. Findings The findings revealed that incorporating hip protective clothing into the clothing ensembles influenced the thermal resistance and moisture vapour resistance of the ensemble. In the “all zones group,” the influence of the hip protective clothing depended on clothing style, with hipster-style clothing producing insignificant changes. In the “hip zones group” and “stomach and hip zones group,” hip protective clothing strongly influenced the thermal comfort attributes of ensembles. Pad material and volume play important roles in these changes in thermal comfort attributes. Originality/value These outcomes are useful for the design and engineering of hip protective clothing, where maximizing protection while minimizing thermal and moisture vapour resistance is critical for wear comfort and adherence in warm or hot conditions. The designer should consider that material, volume and thickness of protective pad affect the overall thermal comfort attributes of the hip protective clothing.

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