Consumer goods and export during economic slowdowns

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Taslim ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Export Revenue

Purpose The difference in the export performance of different countries during the Great Recession 2008-2009 attracted some attention. It was frequently argued that the differences in export concentration were responsible for the differences in export performance: countries with more concentrated export portfolio suffered more during the recession compared to countries with more diversified export portfolio. Empirical evidence frequently failed to hold up this hypothesis, especially in the case of commodity concentration of export. Using disaggregated trade data and resorting to well-known theories of consumption demand, this paper argues that one of the main reasons for the difference in the export performance of different countries during the recession lay in the composition of the export basket and the general nature of the demand for different types of commodities. Design/methodology/approach Graphs and tables are first used to give a visual confirmation of the hypotheses advanced by the paper. Some theoretical arguments (proof) are advanced why consumer goods export should be less susceptible to recession. Finally cross-country data are used for regression analysis to test the export instability hypothesis. Findings All empirical evidence lend strong support to the hypothesis. Countries whose export basket comprised greater proportion of consumer goods suffered relatively less during the recession. Research limitations/implications The research could be enriched by using both time series and cross-section data and making a distinction between different types of consumer goods, namely, agricultural and manufactured goods. Data limitations did not permit this: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) data, used for this study, do not differentiate between these types of goods. Practical implications Export of more consumer goods may help reduce export revenue instability along business cycles. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no study that had ever attributed greater export stability to consumer goods export except those by the author(s).

scholarly journals El debate sobre la validez externa en economía experimental

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-321
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Moro ◽  
Marcelo Auday
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Economics ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

We focus on the debate on the external validity of lab results in the area of experimental economics. More specifically, we focus on Colin Camerer’s and John List’s views, who postulate opposite positions on the issue. The problem is that they partially analyze the same empirical evidence and draw from it opposite conclusions. The goal of this work is to analyze such empirical evidence to try to explain the difference in interpretation of results. We argue that the dispute in interpretations can be expressed in terms of difference of criteria used to determine external validity. From our analysis we propose the formulation of different types of external validity.

scholarly journals Antecedent and outcomes of innovation-based growth strategies for exporting SMEs

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javadinia Azari ◽  
Tage Koed Madsen ◽  
Øystein Moen
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Business Model Innovation ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the antecedent and outcomes of different types of innovation as complementary growth strategies, which may enable exporting small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to achieve success in export markets. Design/methodology/approach This study is based upon a quantitative survey on Norwegian exporting SMEs. A total of 380 questionnaires were received representing 16.8 per cent response rate. A structural equation modelling analysis is carried out on the sample. Findings The study finds positive and significant associations between the firm’s growth ambition and the pursuance of product and business model innovations. Moreover, the firm’s export degree and scope has a significant and positive association with its product innovation strategy, but the association with its business model innovation is significantly negative. Research limitations/implications The study’s findings indicate that future studies should incorporate different types of innovation strategies since their associations with export performance differ substantially. Treating innovation as a general construct appears to be too simplistic. Practical implications The study’s results indicate that focus on product innovation enhances the export performance of SMEs, but that focus on business model innovation has a negative impact. The latter may be too costly and distract focus from the firm’s core competences, whereas product innovation can be assumed to provide further competitive strength. Originality/value By taking a holistic approach towards innovation, this study addresses a gap in the literature on innovation and exporting in SMEs in order to investigate the association between different types of innovation-based growth strategies and the firms’ export prosperity.

Different choice of strategic innovation among companies in China market

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-121
Author(s):  
Xu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Innovation ◽  
China Market ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Great Growth

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the difference among foreign and domestic cosmetics firms in terms of types of strategic innovations they chose in the Chinese market, and the difference between domestic large-sized cosmetics firms and cosmetics small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) about types of strategic innovation they choose in the Chinese market. Design/methodology/approach – The independent-sample t-test was used to compare foreign and domestic cosmetics firms and domestic SMEs and large-sized cosmetics firms. Findings – Foreign and domestic cosmetics firms should not choose the same type of strategic innovations, and it also showed that Chinese domestic large-sized firms and SMEs should not choose the same types of strategic innovations. Research limitations/implications – China is the exclusive place of focus. Only 19 types of strategic innovations were analyzed. There may be other variables that have not been addressed in the study. Practical implications – Though other large-sized companies achieved considerable profitability or growth by using some types of strategic innovations, the same types may not contribute to the same profitability or growth for SMEs. Although foreign cosmetics companies had great growth and profitability in the Chinese market, domestic large-sized companies should not blindly follow them as their needs and situations are different. Originality/value – From this t-test analysis, it is clear that foreign cosmetics firms and domestic cosmetics firms chose different types of strategic innovation in the Chinese market. Meanwhile, domestic large-sized cosmetics firms and SMEs chose different types of strategic innovation.

scholarly journals Why and how motives (still) matter

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R.G. Benito
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
International Business ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Internationalization Behavior

Purpose – The paper aims to provide a discussion of the relevance of motives for companies’ internationalization. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a conceptual discussion building on established classifications of motives of internationalization, which distinguish between market-seeking, efficiency-seeking, resource-seeking and strategic asset-seeking motives. Findings – The analysis demonstrates that important issues in companies’ internationalization differ systematically across different types of motives, which implicates that motives remain relevant when analyzing various aspects of the internationalization of the firm. Motives are also useful elements for theory building in international business. Research limitations/implications – The analysis is purely conceptual and is not further substantiated by empirical evidence. Practical implications – The classification of motives is a useful tool for companies to analyze their strategic alternatives and actions, especially with regard to performance measurement. Originality/value – The paper demonstrates the importance of retaining a clear classification of motives as a basis for further development of a theory of firms’ internationalization behavior.

The evolution of habit formation effect on sugar consumption of urban residents in China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianchang Zhai ◽  
Wenjin Long ◽  
Wei Si
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Habit Formation ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Level Analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explain the rapid growth of urban residents' sugar consumption in China from the perspective of habit formation.Design/methodology/approachUsing the provincial panel data of Chinese urban households from 1995 to 2012, this study uses the two-step System Generalized Moment Method (GMM) to test the habit formation effect on residents' sugar expenditure in urban China. We also use system GMM and the recursive estimated method to explore the changes of the habit formation coefficients in different years.FindingsWe find a significant habit formation effect on overall residents' sugar expenditure and different types of sugary foods expenditure. The habit formation effect on total residents' sugar expenditure and different types of sugary foods is decreasing over the years. The patterns of the changes of the habit formation effect on different types of sugar foods are slightly different.Research limitations/implicationsDue to data limitations, we are not able to do household-level analysis and to examine the heterogeneity of the habit formation effect.Originality/valueThis is the first study that examines changes in the habit formation effect on residents' sugar expenditure in urban China. Our findings provide a reasonable explanation for the rapid growth of residents' sugar consumption in urban China. The result helps to formulate targeted policies for future interventions to control the growth of sugar consumption.

Are political connections beneficial or harmful toward firms’ performance? A meta-analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khusnul Prasetyo ◽  
Damai Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cross Country

Purpose This study aims to reconcile conflicting empirical results from prior studies on the association between political connections (PCs) and firms’ performance. Furthermore, it investigates whether the contradictory findings were moderated by the different types of both PCs and firms’ performance measures. This study also makes a cross-country comparison of the empirical evidence to provide more insight. Design/methodology/approach This study used meta-analysis to integrate the previous studies’ findings on the association between PCs and firms’ performance and further investigated the moderators of such association. Findings The findings show that PCs have a positive association with firms’ performance. This result is apparent for both democratic and authoritarian countries, which suggests PCs’ beneficial consequences toward firms’ performance should not be disregarded in both contexts. This study also finds PCs and firms’ performance measures moderate the association between PCs and firms’ performance. Originality/value This study contributes to the stream of research that investigates the association between PCs and firms’ performance. To the best of my knowledge, it is among the first to implement statistical meta-analysis on the aforementioned literature while incorporating a cross-country comparison.

scholarly journals Brand clarity of local and global brands in fast-moving consumer goods: an empirical study in a Middle East country

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Vaziri ◽  
Joan Llonch-Andreu ◽  
Pilar López-Belbeze
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Brands ◽  
Global Brand ◽  
Fast Moving Consumer Goods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Global And Local

Purpose This paper aims to analyze different brand clarity levels (BCLs) of local, global and glocal types of brands in fast-moving consumer goods from the consumer's perspective. The study also intends to identify whether the consumer's previous experience with such brands may impact BCL. Design/methodology/approach Twenty-eight global and local brands were used to test the hypotheses by conducting a survey with 400 consumers in the emerging economy of Iran. The authors applied a quantitative technique of brand classification, previously proposed in the literature. After categorizing the brands as local, global or glocal, one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc and t-test analyses were performed to identify whether the different types of brands had different BCLs. Findings The results showed that brand clarity was significantly higher for local bands than for global or glocal brands and that it was higher for glocal bands than for global brands. Furthermore, the consumer's prior experience with a brand had no impact on BCL for different types of brands. Social implications For global brand managers, it is essential to know that local brands in Middle Eastern emerging markets may have more brand clarity than global brands. Therefore, if global brands intend to enter these markets, adopting a glocal positioning appears to be a helpful strategy. Besides, the results suggest that managers should analyze brand categorization from the consumer's perspective, i.e. from a subjective instead of an objective perspective. Originality/value This was the first study analyzing the BCL of local, global and glocal brands and identifying significant differences in their BCL.

Assessing the efficiency of financial supply chain for Chinese commercial banks: a two-stage AR-DEA model

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangcheng Xu ◽  
Zhixiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Internet Finance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Difference

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate Chinese commercial banks efficiency based on different non-performing loans in the process. Moreover, we identified the difference among different types of banks (state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks and city commercial banks) and different operation stages (deposit producing sub-stage, profit earning sub-stage and overall stage).Design/methodology/approachAssurance region (AR) restrictions are combined with a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The efficiency scores of 26 Chinese commercial banks (listed banks) are analyzed by a two-stage AR-DEA model in the study period of 2013–2017.FindingsThe results show that state-owned commercial banks had better performance than joint-stock commercial banks and city commercial banks over the five-year study period. The development of Internet finance has positive impact on deposit producing sub-stage and insignificant non-homogeneity existed among the different groups in the circumstances of considering different non-performing loans.Practical implicationsThe research findings provide practical insights that help bank managers find the defects in operation process, which need to be improved.Originality/valuePrevious studies viewed non-performing loans as an integrated whole variable. The paper divides non-performing loans into three categories based on the risk and investigates the effect of different types of loans on bank efficiency scores.

I—The Control Characteristics of Hovercraft

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
W. A. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

Any discussion on the navigational problems of hovercraft must obviously be closely associated with the control characteristics of the craft. Although these machines have been widely publicized as capable of operating over almost any terrain which is reasonably flat, it will be assumed that the present discussion is concerned primarily with operation over water.The word hovercraft may be regarded as a generic term in the same category as aircraft, ship, motor vehicle &c., and practical examples are likely to take a variety of forms depending upon their particular application. Thus, the control characteristics and the way in which they affect the navigational problem are likely to vary, in degree at least, amongst the different types. Again, it must be realized that the hovercraft as a transport system is only at the beginning of a long development phase, and any remarks of a general nature which are made at this time must be read in that context. Even at this early stage, however, two distinct applications of the hovercraft principle, as applied to over-water transport machines, have emerged and it is important to appreciate the difference between them.

Exploring the impact of various typologies of human capital on firms' productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-247
Author(s):  
Mohammed Seid Hussen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
General Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Slack Time ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distinct Role

PurposeAlthough the impact of human capital on productivity has long been discussed in prior studies, empirical evidence for African firms remains limited. The existing few studies have focussed on one type of human capital in isolation and failed to explore the distinct role of different types of human capital on productivity. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which various typologies of human capital – schooling, on-the-job training (OJT) and slack time –, both in isolation and as a combination, contribute to the productivity of African firms.Design/methodology/approachTo this end, a cross-sectional firm-level data set from 13 African countries was used. To unravel the casual relationship, propensity score matching (PSM) and multinomial endogenous switching treatment regression (MESTR) techniques were employed.FindingsResults indicate that all typologies of human capital – schooling, slack time and OJT – have a significant and positive impact on firms' productivity. The findings of the study further point out that the highest payoff, in terms of increased productivity, is achieved when various typologies of human capital are used in combination, rather than in isolation, in the production process.Practical implicationsThe policy implications are that productivity of African firms can be improved by increasing the general level of schooling; encouraging firm-sponsored OJT; and giving employees time to develop new ideas.Originality/valueThe present study provides important insights into the distinct role of different types of human capital on productivity. In addition, it provides empirical evidence for a region where empirical evidence is scant.

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