Flooding due to torrential rainfall in Kumamoto, 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-276
Author(s):  
Natainia Lummen ◽  
Sota Nakajo ◽  
Fumihiko Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Torrential Rainfall ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Purpose – This study aims to answer the following questions: what is the time scale in which areas downstream are affected by significant rainfall upstream, which areas are first affected, which areas are most affected, how effective is the current warning system in allotting an appropriate amount of time for evacuation, what has been the response time thus far utilizing the current warning system, how can this response time be im-proved using numerical simulation were addressed. The accu-rate prediction of floods and potential inundated areas is crucial for effective flood risk management and this paper analyses the model created for the July 12, 2012 Kumamoto flood event. Design/methodology/approach – Using GIS, LIDAR, SIS and levelling field survey data, the inundated areas were mapped; the sequence of events and the distribution of flood waters were recreated using numerical analysis and modelling. The inundated areas generated by the model were then compared to the actual inundated areas. Findings – The Tatsuda Ichi Chome area was completely inundated within 40 minutes of the first pooling of flood waters, whereas the Tatsuda Jin area was completely inundated within 20 minutes of the initial pooling of flood waters. Originality/value – This research provides empirical evidence of flood impacts and highlights the benefits that can be derived from incorporating accurate flood modelling results into flood risk management systems, as well as extends the methodological approaches of flood risk management.

Mapping direct flood impacts from a 2020 extreme flood event in Central Vietnam using spatial analysis techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinh Luu ◽  
Quynh Duy Bui ◽  
Jason von Meding
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Care Facilities

Purpose In October 2020, Vietnam was repeatedly hit by large storms, including Linfa, Nangka, Saudel and Molave, causing heavy rains and whirlwinds in the Central provinces of Vietnam. The heavy rain led to severe flooding in many localities. The water levels on major rivers broke records of historical flood events in 1950, 1979, 1999, 2007, 2010 and 2016. In response, this paper aims to quantify the impacts of 2020 flooding to support flood risk management activities and the relief agencies that can use the analysis. Design/methodology/approach This study demonstrates an approach to quickly map flood impacts on population, schools, health-care facilities, agriculture, transportation and business facilities and assess flood risks using available data and spatial analysis techniques. Findings The results show that all districts of Quang Binh were affected by the event, in which 1,014 residential areas, 70 schools, 13 health-care facilities, 32,558 ha of agriculture lands, 402 km road length, 29 km railway, 35 bridges on roads and 239 business facilities were exposed within flooded areas. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to direct or tangible impacts, including flooded residential areas, schools, health-care facilities, agriculture land categories, road networks and business facilities. Indirect or intangible impacts such as health, flood pollution and business disruption should be considered in further studies. Practical implications These detailed impact maps can support decision-makers and local authorities in implementing recovery activities, allocating relief and devoting human resources and developing flood risk management action plans and land-use planning in the future. Social implications This study investigates the context of flood impacts on population, schools, health-care facilities, agriculture, transportation and business facilities. Based on this research, decision-makers can better understand how to support affected communities and target the most at risk people with interventions. Originality/value This paper presents a framework to quantify the impacts of the 2020 extreme flood event using available data and spatial analysis techniques in support of flood risk management activities.

scholarly journals Social Influences on Flood Preparedness and Mitigation Measures Adopted by People Living with Flood Risk

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 2972
Author(s):  
Donald Houston ◽  
Tom Ball ◽  
Alan Werritty ◽  
Andrew R. Black
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Flood Preparedness

This paper aims to analyse evidence, based on one of the largest and most representative samples of households previously flooded or living with flood risk to date, of social patterns in a range of flood resilience traits relating to preparedness prior to a flood (e.g., property adaptations, contents insurance, etc.) and mitigations enacted during and immediately following a flood (e.g., receiving a warning, evacuation into temporary accommodation, etc.). The data were collected from a 2006 survey of 1223 households from a variety of locations across Scotland between one and twelve years after major local floods. Our analysis identifies remarkably few social differences in flood preparedness and mitigation measures, although some aspects of demography, housing and length of residence in an area, as well as personal flood history, are important. In light of this finding, we argue that social differences in vulnerability and resilience to flooding arise from deep-seated socio-economic and socio-spatial inequalities that affect exposure to flood risk and ability to recover from flood impacts. The engrained, but well-meaning, assumption in flood risk management that impoverished households and communities are lacking or deficient in flood preparedness or mitigation knowledge and capabilities is somewhat pejorative and misses fundamental, yet sometimes invisible, social stratifications play out in subtle but powerful ways to affect households’ and communities’ ability to avoid and recover from floods. We argue that general poverty and inequality alleviation measures, such as tax and welfare policy and urban and community regeneration schemes, are likely to be as, if not more, important in alleviating social inequalities in the long-term impacts of floods than social targeting of flood risk management policy.

Perceptions and deeply held beliefs about responsibility for flood risk adaptation in Accra Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-644
Author(s):  
Jerry Chati Tasantab ◽  
Thayaparan Gajendran ◽  
Jason von Meding ◽  
Kim Maund
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Climate change is predicted to increase the vulnerability of urban populations to flood hazards. Against this backdrop, flood risk adaptation has become pertinent. However, in Ghana, current flood risk management practice is fostered by a reactive culture. There is limited research on how communities and government agencies are engaging with flood risk adaptation in improving resilience. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the culture of communities and agencies through the cultural theory of risk (CTR), towards understanding the flood risk adaptation in Accra, Ghana. Culture is deciphered using the beliefs held by residents and public agency officials. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative methodology, underpinned by the constructivist paradigm, was adopted to understand factors that influence flood risk adaptation in informal settlements. Data was gathered using household and institutional interviews in Glefe, Accra, Ghana. Findings The results show that both disaster risk management institutions and community members are deeply concerned about current and future flood risk. However, their cultural beliefs concerning flood risk and adaptation are contradictory, broadly framed by fatalist, individualist and hierarchist beliefs. The contradictory emergent beliefs contribute to a clash of expectations and create uncertainty about how to respond to flood risk, impacting the implementation of required adaptation measures. Developing a collaborative flood risk management framework and a shared understanding of adaptation approaches may be a better alternative. Originality/value This paper advances understanding of how culture influences flood risk adaptation in developing country context.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Flood Risk Management in Japan through a Recent Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Fan ◽  
Guangwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Integrative Assessment ◽  
High Level

Major disasters cause loss of life and serious disturbance to livelihoods. Integrative and innovative risk management is needed to reduce the impacts of such a disturbance. To pursue this, a better understanding of the current level of disaster risk management is indispensible. Following this line of thinking, the present work was intended to evaluate the various aspects of flood risk management in Japan using a recent case of major flooding that occurred last autumn as a result of a major storm. The focus was on the vulnerability assessment for the disaster-stricken area using various kinds of information including topographic features, land use, flood warning system, evacuation behavior, levee structure, insurance system and government support for recovery. Such an integrative assessment shed new light on vulnerability-generating mechanisms. In particular, it found that the disaster-stricken area has a high level of coping capacity related to flood disasters. However, the high level of coping capacity hinders the reduction of susceptibility to the impacts of flooding. Based on this finding, a new, simple but operational vulnerability management framework was proposed, which may help decision-makers prioritize actions for vulnerability reduction.

scholarly journals Assessment of the warning system against floods on a rural area: the case of the lower Siret River (Romania)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Salit ◽  
L. Zaharia ◽  
G. Beltrando
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
The Public ◽  
Risk Education

Abstract. The development of non-structural measures such as an early warning system, across the Europe, in flood risk management, requires a better understanding of the public involved and of the territory threatened. This paper aims to conduct an assessment of early warning and information to people with an analysis of the population's behaviour, presented in a form of an event tree. The objective is to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the warning system during a deadly flood in the lower Siret River (Romania) in 2005 and to demonstrate that each warning system has to be adapted to the territory in which it is effective. The behavioural model aims to determine to what extent the warning system can be improved but also to suggest ways to adapt risk education to the study area.

Resilience and flood risk management

Water Policy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Flood Prevention ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Definition Of

Since flood disasters still occur and even increase in frequency and severity, flood risk management must be reconsidered. This paper describes a new way of looking at flood risk management by applying a systems approach. This approach may result in flood risk management that is better suited to the socio-economic context in which this flood risk management occurs. The systems approach allows the definition of resilience and resistance strategies for flood risk management. Resistance strategies aim at flood prevention, while resilience strategies aim at minimising flood impacts and enhancing the recovery from those impacts. A resilience strategy is supposed to be able to better cope with uncertainties than a resistance strategy. To enable the evaluation of resilience and resistance strategies under different conditions the concepts of resilience and resistance must first be sufficiently understood. This paper discusses the meaning of resilience and resistance and applies the concepts to flood risk management systems. This discussion is exemplified by The Netherlands' flood risk management.

scholarly journals A comparison of the causes, effects and aftermaths of the coastal flooding of England in 1953 and France in 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2321-2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Lumbroso ◽  
F. Vinet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Risk Management Policy

Abstract. This paper provides a comparison of the causes, effects and aftermaths of the coastal flooding that occurred on the east coast of England in 1953 and the west coast of France in 2010 that resulted in 307 and 47 deaths respectively. The causes of both events are strikingly similar. Both were caused by a combination of high tides, low atmospheric pressure, high winds and the failure of poorly maintained flood defences. In both cases the number of deaths was related to the vulnerability of the buildings and people. Buildings in the flood zones were often single storey bungalows and the people who died were mostly over 60 yr of age. Both tragedies were national disasters. The 1953 flood in England acted as a catalyst for an acceleration in flood risk management policy and practice. It resulted in: the development of a Storm Tide Warning System for the east coast of England; the setting of new design standards for coastal flood defences; increased investment in improving coastal defences; and a substantial new research effort into coastal processes, protection and forecasting. In France there has also been an episodic shift in flood risk management policy with the focus falling on: control of urban developments in areas at risk of flooding; improved coastal forecasting and warning; strengthening of flood defences; and developing a "culture of risk awareness". This paper outlines the lessons that can be learnt from the two events and provides recommendations concerning how future loss of life as a result of coastal flooding can be reduced.

scholarly journals Re-framing planning decision-making: increasing flood resilience in Jakarta

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Mulyani Sunarharum ◽  
Mellini Sloan ◽  
Connie Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
Infrastructure Investments

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to re-frame planning decision-making to address risks of flooding and to increase community resilience. Rapid urbanisation, fragmented governance and recurrent flooding complicate resolution of DKI Jakarta’s chronic housing shortage. Failure to effectively implement planning decision-making processes poses potential human rights violations. Contemporary planning policy requires the relocation of households living in floodplains within 15 m of DKI Jakarta’s main watercourses, further constraining land availability and potentially requiring increased densification. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents a preliminary scoping study for a technologically enhanced participatory planning method, incorporating synthesis of existing information on urbanisation, governance and flood risk management in Jakarta. Findings – Responsibility for flood risk management in DKI Jakarta is fragmented both within and across administrative boundaries. Decision-making is further complicated by: limited availability of land use data; uncertainty as to the delineated extent of watercourses, floodplains and flood modelling; unclear risk and liability for infrastructure investments; and technical literacy of both public and government participants. Practical implications – This research provides information to facilitate consultation with government entities tasked with re-framing planning processes to increase public participation. Social implications – Potential increased opportunities for collaborative decision-making and consequent reduction in risk exposure amongst DKI Jakarta’s most vulnerable populations can help to address issues of social justice. Originality/value – This paper synthesises information from a range of sources not available in English, and offers insights into a complex system of governance and modes for improving decision-making.

scholarly journals Flood risk management an illustrative approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natainia S. Lummen ◽  
Hajime Shirozu ◽  
Norio Okada ◽  
Fumihiko Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Level ◽  
User Friendly

Purpose In Kumamoto, Japan flood risk information is made available on several websites. In the event of heavy rainfall, local citizens need to access these websites and make household-level decisions. It is difficult for citizens to monitor all these sites, analyze and make effective decisions. Evacuation orders are issued by the local government who then filters the information to the relevant multiple stakeholders and local citizens. This takes time and reduces the response lead time of citizens especially in fast-onset floods. There was a therefore a need for illustrative integrated approaches, integrating these data sets. Design/methodology/approach Using precipitation, river water and tide level data, user-friendly real-time graphs were set up for the Shirakawa River, Kumamoto, Japan. Flood data were collected and used to create numerical simulations, and electronic community-based hazard maps were created. Findings The data gathered from the July 2012 flood event were used as a demonstrator, illustrating a flood event, as well as how to utilize the information provided on user-friendly real-time graphs’ website, to determine the location, future time and possibility of flooding. Additionally, an electronically generated flood hazard map-making process was developed for distribution across Japan. Research limitations/implications These illustrative approaches are relatively new and have only been tested and evaluated in communities across Kumamoto, Japan. As such, it is too early to determine robustness and generalized applications worldwide, especially in data-scarce countries and communities. Improvements and maintenance are ongoing. Practical implications These illustrative approaches can be adopted and utilized in cities and communities around the globe, thereby helping in overall disaster risk-reduction initiatives and better flood risk management strategies. Originality/value These illustrative approaches are new to Kumamoto City and Japan. These provide citizens with user-friendly real-time graphs that can be accessed anytime and used in flood hazard preparations, warnings, response or recovery.

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