Sustainability evaluation of post-disaster housing reconstruction after 55 years: Rudak village, Iran

Purpose Focusing on Rudak, a village destroyed in the Buin-Zahra earthquake of 1962 in Qazvin, Iran, this paper aims to evaluate the reconstruction of this village in terms of sustainability. Rudak reconstruction has left long-term consequences on the physical structure of the village, as some of the people refused the constructed houses and built their own ones. Hence, after more than 50 years, this village is now consisted of two physically different neighborhoods. Examining the long-term consequences of this reconstruction through comparing housing and physical structure of the two different neighborhoods contains valuable lessons in terms of sustainability because sustainable reconstruction results unveil in long term. Design/methodology/approach Using sustainable reconstruction theory as the conceptual framework, this research investigates social, economic and environmental sustainability of Rudak housing reconstruction and that leads to comprehensive lessons. The study has a qualitative method and is based on fieldwork allowing for dynamic interviews with the community. Furthermore, data are analyzed through descriptive and comparative approaches. Findings The research concluded that sustainability related implications of post-disaster reconstruction policies are not restricted to the time of reconstruction or a limited interval after that. Lack of livelihood considerations, providing all people with similar houses and nontransparent decisions, resulted in unsustainable consequences such as building vulnerable extensions by people, social segregation and people unwillingness for participation. However, this experience was sustainable in terms of some other factors. For example, using local materials for building the structures of the new houses, putting the houses on the natural bedrock and building public services for people were sustainable measurements. Originality/value This paper is a rare example of research focusing on impacts of post-disaster reconstruction after more than 50 years. It contains valuable lessons for planners and architects.

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Reliability of Build Back Better at enhancing resilience of communities

International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment ◽

10.1108/ijdrbe-05-2019-0025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 208-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mittul Vahanvati ◽

Irina Rafliana

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Human Capabilities ◽

Case Study Methodology ◽

Content Type ◽

Disaster Survivors ◽

Study Methodology ◽

Housing Reconstruction ◽

Post Disaster

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyse the reliability of Build Back Better slogan in the context of post-disaster housing reconstruction in developing countries, at enhancing disaster-resilience of housing and its occupants in the long term from socio-ecological systems resilience perspective. Design/methodology/approach A predominantly qualitative methodology and multi-disciplinary case study methodology is adopted to compare long-term outcomes of two post-disaster housing reconstruction interventions: post-2008 Bihar Kosi River floods in India and post-2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia. Findings Out of the nine generalizable findings, two of the most significant findings include giving freedom of choice or human capabilities to the disaster survivors and sustaining capacity development during and beyond the completion of housing reconstruction. These two processes play a significant role in linking reconstruction to resilience in the long term, especially of those living at- risk and poverty. Originality/value This paper further advances the current scholarship on overarching long-term impacts of housing reconstruction efforts, based on longitudinal and empirical studies in India and Indonesia. While these findings represent a snapshot of diverse and complex disaster experiences in the developing-world context, the comparison offers insight into how to turn the rhetoric surrounding “owner-driven” or “built back better” into long-term resilience outcomes.

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Understanding the Tradition of Male Calf Release in Tambakan Village of Bali Island, Indonesia from the Perspective of History, Religion, Environment Sustainability and Food Security

Journal of Marine and Island Cultures ◽

10.21463/jmic.2020.09.2.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Luh Putu Puspawati ◽

I Made Swastika ◽

Tjokorda Udiana Nindhia Pemayun ◽

Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

The People ◽

Environment Sustainability ◽

The Village

Historically the tradition of male calf release in Tambakan Villlage was initiated from the vow of the defeated soldier of the kingdom of Buleleng over the kingdom of Bangli in the Island of Bali in the region of present day Indonesia. The defeated soldiers of Buleleng were hiding in the forest around the presentday village of Tambakan, Buleleng, Bali. All the soldiers vowed to the Deity dwelling in the forest to hand over a male calf if they survived the pursuit of the enemy. In the end, the enemy could not find them and the soldiers remained in the forest and continued their lives there. The village was named as Tambakan, meaning a buffer of enemy attack. The village was surrounded by a fence made from bamboo during that time. The soldiers then paid their vows by releasing male calves into the forest. This historical incident then developed to become a belief of the local peoples that if they vow to release a male calf to the Deity, then their wish will be fulfilled. Indeed many wishes of the people did come true when they released a male calf to the forest. Consequently, the population of the bulls increased in the forest, and by the influence of the Hindu Tantra sect, about 23 bulls from the forest are taken out every 2 years to be sacrificed in the temples addressed to Goddess of Durga. The meat of the sacrificed bulls is then distributed to the members of the village to be consumed. The releases of male calves gives benefit to environmental sustainability and the distribution of the meat after sacrificing guarantees food security for the people.

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Nilai Kearifan Rumah Hijau (Greenship Homes) Permukiman Pedesaan Lereng Gunung, kasus Desa Kledung, Temanggung

Arsitektura ◽

10.20961/arst.v19i2.49723 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

V.G. Sri Rejeki ◽

Romantio Veronika Ndruru ◽

Gita Cynthia Bella K. ◽

Zia Amalia Wafi

Keyword(s):

Green Buildings ◽

The Other ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Large Tree ◽

The People ◽

Mountain Settlements ◽

Inorganic Waste ◽

The Village ◽

Local Materials

The implementation of greenship homes rating tools on houses in residential areas has been carried out in recent times. On the other hand, in mountain settlements have the value of local wisdom considers the environment as the basis of settlement management. The purpose of this study found the value of green buildings mountain settlements, the case of Kledung Village, Wonosobo, using the analysis of greenship homes rating tools. Qualitative research is conducted by physical mapping methods and interviews to homeowner informants. The study used 12 purposive samples, which were defined based on four character locations. The results of the study, based on 4 character location of the case, greenship homes value is relatively similar / its same. There is no difference in value between one case than another, so that analysis is done at once. Overall, the results of the study explained that the greenship homes rating tool can be applied in kledung village. The result is 1) all buildings are larger than the ratio of greenship rating tools, 2) all houses have electricity meters and monitoring; 3) sorting of organic and inorganic waste; 4) pest management; 5) some houses use recicled, reuse, and local materials, 6) sunny utilization and solar entry into homes and cross-circulation wind management in houses. Uniquenesse's finding are 1) there is a minimum large tree in Kledung village, because the village has cold temperatures, high humidity and little daily sunlight time. In addition, the people in Kledung Village do not regulate clean water, because it is abundant in this village

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SOCIAL ECONOMY INDICATOR ON CONSTRUCTING FOREST SUSTAINABILITY IN BALI

Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management ◽

10.31775/2305-3100-2020-2-17-26 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 17-26

Author(s):

P. K.A. Sanjaya ◽

I. P. Nuratama ◽

G. I.S. Diputra

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Social Economy ◽

Partial Adjustment ◽

Forest Sustainability ◽

The People ◽

Partial Adjustment Model ◽

Long Time ◽

Economical Growth ◽

United Nation

Forestry issue has ever been discussed in conference of United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change about deforestation that happens because industrialization that oriented toward economical growth and ignores environment aspect that can cause global warming. In Bali, sustainability has been a pplied since long time ago. It can be proved by the existence of tumpek wariga that makes an appreciation respect directly to the plants is an embodiment of environmental sustainability as a manifestation of local wisdom. This is insufficient remember the fact that the condition of Bali's forests has been distorted. This analysis aims to know the simultaneous and partial influences and the most dominant determinants affecting forest sustainability. Within the lifetime data and analysis of adaptive partial adjustment model double log, this analysis found the fact that simultanousely and partially Domestic Product Regional Bruto, the amount of citizen, regional autonomy policy and forest sustainability condition on previous year has significant influence toward forest sustainability during the period of this analysis. The amount of citizen variable is the most dominant variable toward forest sustainability because it obtains the highest standardized of coefficient data of 0,292. Based on the analysis, result and discussion, forest have to be well maintained, conserved and utilized in balance for all the people prosperity in current generation and for the sake of next generation. Correct management needed for development sustainability especially in long-term capacity through internalization and negative externalization which caused by economical development

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Using interpretive structure modeling to analyze the interactions between environmental sustainability boundary enablers

Benchmarking An International Journal ◽

10.1108/bij-05-2013-0063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 601-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Navin K. Dev ◽

Ravi Shankar

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Business Community ◽

Sustainable Supply Chain ◽

Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽

Content Type ◽

Modern Business ◽

The Government ◽

Power And Dependence

Purpose – The modern business community understands the importance of long-term satisfaction of consumer. Enabling the consumer to return products is a significant part of the equation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the sustainable boundaries in terms of their relationship toward greening a supply chain. Design/methodology/approach – Using interpretive structural modeling the research presents a hierarchy-based model to realize the driving power and dependence of sustainable boundary enablers. Findings – The research shows that there exists a group of enablers having a high driving power and low dependence requiring maximum attention and of strategic importance while another group consists of those variables which have high dependence and are the resultant actions. Practical implications – This classification provides a useful tool to supply chain managers to differentiate between independent and dependent variables and their mutual relationships which would help them to focus while making strategic, tactical or operational decisions as and when required while designing a green supply chain. Originality/value – This research assumes importance in context of greening a supply chain when globally enterprises are getting a lot of pressure from consumers as well as the regulatory measures from the government. Sustainability demands that the resources be used in lean manner through information coordination with all partners in a supply chain. The findings of this study would help delineate those variables that should to be necessarily considered to design a sustainable supply chain.

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Reframing “building back better” for post-disaster housing design: a community perspective

International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment ◽

10.1108/ijdrbe-05-2015-0029 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 344-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yenny Rahmayati

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Content Type ◽

Housing Design ◽

Disaster Survivors ◽

Common Concept ◽

The Common ◽

Housing Reconstruction ◽

Post Disaster

Purpose This study aims to reframe the common concept of post-disaster reconstruction “building back better”, especially in the context of post-disaster housing design. Design/methodology/approach An Aceh post-tsunami housing reconstruction project is used as a case study with qualitative methodology through in-depth interviews of selected respondents. Findings The study findings have shown that the term “building back better” is not a familiar term for housing recipients. Whichever different personal background post-disaster survivors come from, whether they are housewife, civil servant, fisherman, university student, businessman or a professional, none have ever heard this phrase. All found it hard to understand the term. This study argues that the “building back better” concept is good in policy but not working in practice. As a result, housing recipients not only were dissatisfied with their new houses but also found that the new housing configurations profoundly altered their traditional way of life. In light of these findings, the paper argues that the concept of “building back better” needs to be reframed to take account of the cultural individual and communal needs and wants of post-disaster survivors. Research limitations/implications This study discusses only one aspect of post-disaster reconstruction that is the design of housing reconstruction. Practical implications Results from this study provide a practical contribution for reconstruction actors especially designers, architects and planners. It helps them to reconsider the common concepts they have used for post-disaster reconstruction processes particularly in designing housing reconstruction projects. Originality/value This study focuses on the question of how tsunami survivors in Aceh reacted to the design of their new post-tsunami houses and what they had done themselves to make their homes a better and nicer place to live within their own cultural needs. This study also sought to understand what motivated the opinions the respondents had about the design of housing reconstruction after the tsunami in Aceh generally. In addition, the study investigated whether survivors knew the phrase and the credo of “building back better” in a post-disaster context.

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Living-transforming disaster relief shelter: a conceptual approach for sustainable post-disaster housing

Built Environment Project and Asset Management ◽

10.1108/bepam-04-2020-0076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Sara Ghanbarzadeh Ghomi ◽

Gayan Wedawatta ◽

Kanchana Ginige ◽

Bingunath Ingirige

Keyword(s):

Natural Hazard ◽

Disaster Relief ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Conceptual Approach ◽

Efficient Tool ◽

Conceptual Foundation ◽

Content Type ◽

Housing Projects ◽

Housing Reconstruction ◽

Post Disaster

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of post-disaster housing reconstruction projects, propose the conceptual living-transforming disaster relief shelter (LTFDR-shelter) approach where temporary shelter is incrementally transformed into a more permanent dwelling by using living technologies and investigate its applicability to provide sustainable post-disaster housing following natural-hazard-induced disasters.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey with 120 household recipients of three Sri Lankan post-disaster housing projects was employed to explore how the post-disaster housing projects have performed against the occupants' expectations. Furthermore, the new proposed LTFDR-shelter conceptual approach's applicability to address the existing issues found in the study was investigated.FindingsThe paper evaluates and identifies the physical and technical, and socio-economic performance issues of post-disaster housing and discusses the applicability of the proposed LTFDR-shelter conceptual approach as an efficient tool to adequately improve the identified factors integrating three phases of relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction employing living technology.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the study's scope was limited to the occupant view of the performance of post-disaster housing in Sri Lanka, the findings and conceptual LTFDR-shelter approach could be of particular relevance to other developing countries affected by similar disasters. Further research is recommended to investigate and develop this concept in depth.Originality/valueThis study lays the conceptual foundation for a new theoretical approach in post-disaster housing, which encourages more interdisciplinary collaborations and empirical investigations that potentially enhance post-disaster housing performance and facilitates the application of living technology in the built environment.

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SOCIAL ECONOMY INDICATOR ON CONSTRUCTING FOREST SUSTAINABILITY IN BALI

Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management ◽

10.31775/2305-3100-2020-2- ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 17-26

Author(s):

P. K.A. Sanjaya ◽

I. P. Nuratama ◽

G. I.S. Diputra

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Social Economy ◽

Partial Adjustment ◽

Forest Sustainability ◽

The People ◽

Partial Adjustment Model ◽

Long Time ◽

Economical Growth ◽

United Nation

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TOWARDS LONG-TERM SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE OF POST-DISASTER HOUSING RECONSTRUCTION: SECOND LIFE FOR TEMPORARY HOUSING

10.31705/wcs.2021.47 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Rathnasinghe ◽

◽

D. Sirimewan ◽

A. Shandraseharan ◽

N. Thurairajah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Second Life ◽

Real Life ◽

Temporary Housing ◽

Cultural Economic ◽

Active Involvement ◽

Human Needs ◽

Sustainable Performance ◽

Housing Reconstruction ◽

Post Disaster

The pressing human needs caused due to post-disaster effects may force donors to provide a roof above the heads of the displaced communities than focusing on fulfilling the references of a ‘home,’ which is a step toward restoring a certain sense of stability embedded with social, cultural, economic, and other interactions. And several displaced communities around the world continue to live in their temporary housing on a long-term basis. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating methods to consider a second life for the post-disaster temporary housing which may ensure long-term sustainable performance. A comprehensive literature survey has been carried out in attaining the aim. Many studies have found that the rapid post-disaster housing re-construction strategies through universal working standards have become unsustainable and culturally unacceptable in the long term. Furthermore, in various instances, the real-life post-disaster temporary housing has been simply dismantled or abandoned due to the end of usage and cultural incompatibility, without giving any concern for future disasters. This could be minimised by transforming the donor initiated temporary housing into a permanent basis. To achieve this, scholars have identified the need of considering the socio-cultural and related physical needs through active involvement of affected communities. Therefore, to achieve prolonged use of temporary housing, the findings suggest that the social and cultural needs of communities and associated physical transformations need to be considered by the donors. The findings serve as a way forward to explore a transformational space that can accommodate social and physical transformations in post-disaster housing reconstruction.

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Social Change in Sikkim in its Historical Context

IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) ◽

10.21013/jmss.v15.n2.p2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Peter Rai

Keyword(s):

Social Change ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Historical Context ◽

Early Period ◽

Physical Structure ◽

Ethnic Communities ◽

The People ◽

Community People ◽

The Village

Sikkim is a land of myths, who has lost the pre-historic written documents but has left with the remarkable mystery of the country. Sikkim was sparsely populated and rich in natural resources including a large number of flora and fauna. There are three major ethnic communities, Lepchas, Bhutias and Nepalis inhabiting in the country. In the early period, Sikkim had a gigantic physical structure from the Himalayas to the plains. Earlier, the Tibetan called the territory of Sikkim as “Denjong, Demojong, and Deoshong, which have the same meaning as “Valley of Rice”. There is another myth, that, the first Tibetan king had made a palace in Rabdenchi, at that period of time the Limbo community people called the palace as “SU- HIM” which meaning as “New Home”. Another myth tells that in early days the Lepcha head married a Limbo girl from Limbuwan, and when she went to her father’s house, she told the people of the village that she had came from ‘Su Him’ or ‘New Home’. Later on, the Nepalese called it as ‘Su Khim’ instead of ‘Su Him’ but the advent of British in India, who could not pronounce the word ‘Su Khim’ and called it as ‘Sikkim’. That was the last change in the name of the nation for forever.

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