Have China's exports improved the export technology level of the other BRICS countries? An empirical analysis based on data from SITC

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Chaofan Chen ◽  
Qingxin Lan ◽  
Zhaoyi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
General Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
Technology Level

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze whether China's exports can effectively improve the global competitiveness of other BRICS countries' exports from the perspective of intra-BRICS export trade.Design/methodology/approachThis paper extends the multinational trade model and analyzes the mechanism of the technological upgrading effect from the perspective of dynamic general equilibrium theory. In addition, this paper uses the export panel data of 217 products with three-digit SITC codes from China to other BRICS member countries from 2000 to 2016 and constructs a dynamic empirical model for parameter estimation.FindingsThe results show that China's exports to other BRICS member countries can effectively promote the technological improvement of other BRICS member countries' export products. In particular, the formal establishment of the BRICS organization in 2010 has significantly improved the efficiency of China's export technology optimization.Originality/valueIn the background of the prevalence of anti-globalization and the proliferation of protectionism, this paper proves that the deepening of trade cooperation between other BRICS members with China can help optimize their own international trade competitiveness and allow China's development dividend to benefit more countries and people.

scholarly journals Sustainability level, corruption and tax evasion: a cross-country analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hichem Khlif ◽  
Achraf Guidara ◽  
Khaled Hussainey
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between the level of sustainability and tax evasion and test whether the level of corruption moderates such a relationship. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists of 65 developed and developing countries. Tax evasion is measured using a macro indirect approach used by Schneider et al. (2010). The sustainability level and corruption variables are collected from The Global Competitiveness Report for 2012-2013. Findings This study finds that the level of tax evasion is negatively associated with the level of sustainability (overall score and social and environmental score) and the quality of infrastructure. When we distinguish between low- and high-corruption countries, we find that this negative association is significant for low-corruption countries and insignificant for high-corruption countries. These results imply that the level of corruption may reduce the tendency of individuals in a given state to accept and trust their government in general and comply with the tax rules in particular. Originality/value Our empirical findings have policy implications for governments with high levels of tax evasion, as they highlight the importance of states’ engagements towards their citizens in reducing tax evasion.

Bank regulatory capital and liquidity creation: evidence from BRICS countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-230
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
Gang Sun ◽  
Khurram Shahzad ◽  
Zia-ur-Rehman Rao
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Bank Capital ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Regulatory Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between bank regulatory capital and liquidity creation in banks of BIRCS countries. Design/methodology/approach Data from all publicly listed banks of BRICS nations for the period 2003-2014 have been collected and analyzed. Two-stage least-squares regression has been used to control endogeneity. The econometric model includes different control variables that have been selected based on the extant literature. Findings Increase in bank capital negatively affects bank liquidity creation which implies that “financial fragility-crowding out” hypothesis holds for banks of BRICS countries. Originality/value This study provides the evidence of the inverse relationship between bank regulatory capital and liquidity creation from emerging economies. The findings show that there is a trade-off between curtailing bank risk taking and liquidity creation. Therefore, the regulators must formulate policies to strike a balance between the two.

Measuring technological level of organisations: methodological approaches and assessment

foresight ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-442
Author(s):  
Galina Sagieva ◽  
Maxim Kotsemir
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Foreign Science ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
Technology Level

Purpose The paper aims to present the results of the first Russian pilot study on technological level of organisations upon the answers of 2,500 respondents out of nine sectors of economy to a broad specialised questionnaire. The purpose of the study is to assess the technological level of organisations on the basis of qualitative information that comprehensively reflects its most important characteristics, as well as identify factors that affect the technological level of production. Design/methodology/approach It offers a look at which methodological approaches were developed and what the survey shows on characteristics of the application of technology (the scope and extent of the application, level of technology, the problems solved by applying specific types of technology) and the application of intellectual property rights. Findings The paper also highlights some interesting findings that suggest that the majority of national organisations tend to pursue technological self-sufficiency strategies and quite a large part of them are not active in either domestic or foreign Science & Tecnology markets. Originality/value An originality lies in the proposed methodological approaches of the study, in the selected indicators of progressivity and the scale of application of technology related to the level of production capacities of the surveyed medium and large enterprises and organisations. This identifies significant incentives for organisations to increase their technology level as well as competitive advantages for the respondents themselves and for their competitors.

Strength of auditing and reporting standards, ethical behavior of firms and sustainability: a cross-country investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achraf Guidara ◽  
Anis El Ammari ◽  
Hichem Khlif
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Ethical Behaviors ◽  
Cross Country

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the association between the strength of auditing and reporting standards (SARS, hereafter) and sustainability and investigates whether ethical behavior of firms moderates relationship between SARS and sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consists of 500 country-year observations over the period of 2014–2017. Sustainability is collected from the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index Reports for 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, while SARS and ethical behaviors are collected from the Global Competitiveness Reports for the same years.FindingsThe findings of this study suggest that the SARS is associated with sustainability. Similarly, ethical behavior of firms has a positive and significant effect on sustainability. When testing for the moderating effect of ethical behavior of firms on the association between SARS and sustainability, the results show that the positive association SARS becomes positive and more significant for countries where firms operate with high ethical behaviors, while the association becomes insignificant for settings where firms operate with low ethical behaviors.Originality/valueThe findings emphasize the role played by SARS and business ethics in improving sustainability. These results may have policy implications for governments aiming to improve sustainability by strengthening auditing and reporting standards and enforcing laws obliging firms to act ethically.

Role of employers in the formation of educational programs and resources for training of specialists in service sphere

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Zaytseva ◽  
Anna Larionova ◽  
Vadim Zhukov ◽  
Sergey Pervunin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness

Purpose Actuality of this subject is predetermined by the fact that global competitiveness and expansion of exchange of knowledge made employers not only increase requirements to factual results of the study at all levels of education but also announce the necessity of formation of new qualities with graduates. The purpose of this paper is to develop a complex of recommendations for employers’ participation in the formation of educational programs for preparing specialists in the service sphere, aimed at improving education quality and the demand for graduates in the labor market. Design/methodology/approach A method which leads to the study of this problem is desk methods of research. For an evaluation of the results of realization of educational programs and use of educational resources for training of specialists in the service sphere, the authors conducted a survey of employers (representatives of service sphere); the selection constituted 300 people. Findings The paper determines scientifically substantiated directions of activities for the participation of employers in the formation of educational programs and resources for training of specialists in the service sphere. The authors developed a model of interconnection of purposes and results of employers’ participation in the realization of educational programs, formation, and use of educational resources. Originality/value The practical significance of this research consists in the fact that received results and offers could be used by educational establishments, employers, and professional associations.

Interaction among funding liquidity, liquidity creation and stock liquidity of banks

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
Gang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Least Square Estimation ◽  
Stock Liquidity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Funding Liquidity ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to explore the relationship between three different kinds of bank liquidity: funding liquidity; liquidity creation; and stock liquidity. Design/methodology/approach It used the data from listed banks of BRICS countries spanning the period 2007-2014. Simultaneous equations model and three-stage least square estimation were used for analysis. Findings First of all, increase in liquidity creation is linked to decline in funding liquidity, but variation in funding liquidity does not describe changes in liquidity creation. Second, higher stock illiquidity is associated with greater liquidity creation, but liquidity creation does not determine variation in stock liquidity. Lastly, there is no direct relationship between funding liquidity and stock liquidity; however, stock liquidity indirectly affects funding liquidity through liquidity creation. Practical implications The findings highlight the fact that capital is not the only determinant of liquidity creation, rather stock liquidity is an equally important determinant in the case of listed banks of BRICS countries. This fact has been highlighted by the recent financial crisis. Furthermore, funding liquidity depends on liquidity creation which depends on stock liquidity. However, the stock liquidity of banks neither depends on liquidity creation nor funding liquidity. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first one to provide the empirical evidence for the relationship between three different kinds of bank liquidity.

Public policy paradox in enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in BRICS countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaman Lal Bansal ◽  
Shalini Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Set Up

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the specific legislative and judicial approaches of each of the BRICS countries toward recourse to public policy exception in the context of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. Further, it points out the critical areas which need immediate attention to make these countries attractive destinations for parking of investments by international parties. Design/methodology/approach The study is a conceptual paper that provides knowledge of the critical areas which needs immediate attention to make BRICS countries attractive destinations for parking of investments by international parties. The first part of the paper examines a guide map to the international business community to devise their dispute adjudication strategies before committing investments in any of BRICS economies. The second part examined the variegated notions of the concept of public policy exception and the existence of differences in judicial approaches. The next parts analyzed the specific legislative and judicial approaches of each of BRICS countries toward recourse to public policy. Findings The BRICS countries need to spell out the universal principles applicable to construing the notion of public policy. It would reduce conflicts between national laws and help the municipal courts in determining the issue of enforceability of foreign awards by reference to a common yardstick. Hence, until a harmonized approach to public policy toward foreign awards is developed at an international level, the BRICS countries may take initiative to set up an inter-regional arbitration council to resolve intricate cases occurring in the field of application of public policy exception to foreign arbitral awards. Originality/value The paper is an original work of the author.

Rethinking corruption on fiscal decentralization and global competitiveness Nexus

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-527
Author(s):  
Tengku Munawar Chalil
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Decentralization Policy ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Country Competitiveness ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Fiscal Authority

Purpose This study investigates the effects of fiscal decentralization on global competitiveness through the level of corruption. This study aims to clarify the causal impacts of fiscal decentralization policy on the achievement of competitiveness rank considering the degree of corruption in a country. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses an empirical study using both cross-country arithmetic mean and panel data, covering ten-year period (2005-2014). The analysis uses both linear and non-linear specification in search of actual intermediating effects of corruption with controlling the possible endogeneity. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about corruption effects of fiscal decentralization on global competitiveness. It suggests that increasing level of fiscal decentralization has a positive contribution to competitiveness for the less-corrupt countries. The adverse effects appear for corrupt countries where the delegation of fiscal authority should endanger the country competitiveness. Research limitations/implications This research exploits the well-known measurement of fiscal decentralization, the degree of corruption and competitiveness. Therefore, this measurement might be challenged for representing the real concept of decentralization, corruption and competitiveness, furthermore its relationship. Despite the limitation, this research explores the entanglement of fiscal decentralization, corruption and competitiveness. Practical implications The paper provides the implications for the national policymakers about decentralizing the fiscal authority to achieve higher competitiveness level, through assessing their state of corruption. Originality/value The research provides additional comments for Oates’ (1972) decentralization theorem in connection to competitiveness, by adding corruption level as pre-requisite condition.

Effect of non-tariff measures on international tea trades

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Won Hwang ◽  
Song Soo Lim
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Pseudo Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Gravity Trade Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of differences in sanitary and phytosanitary measures as non-tariff measures (NTMs) in the tea trade between importing and exporting countries. With the progress of trade liberalization, there has been a shift of focus to NTMs as alternative or potential trade barriers. Design/methodology/approach In order to quantify an NTM on tea trade and implement its empirical application, this study designed an index of differences in maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the pesticide endosulfan and introduced it into a gravity trade model. The estimation challenges in the presence of heteroscedasticity and many zero-trade flows are resolved by taking the Heckman and Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimators. Findings This study found that differences in MRLs, arising from the stricter standards in importing countries lead to a significant decrease in tea trade value. This negative impact of differences in MRLs is found to be slightly less than that of tariffs, implying that in this case, the NTM acts as a policy substitute for import tariffs in the global tea trade. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is to suggest and quantify the differences in MRLs across countries as a substantial NTM on the global tea trade and provide its empirical application.

Main rules and actors of Italian system of innovation: how to become competitive in spin-off activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Caiazza ◽  
Tiziana Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
New Perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze Italian system of innovation and evidence factors that can affect its global competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach – The article provides a conceptual analysis of main factors of competitiveness of an innovation system and an empirical discussion of Italian case. Findings – The article evidences main factors affect Italian systems of innovation that both researchers and practitioners can use in their activities. Originality/value – The article offers a new perspective on innovation systems.

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