Is there such a thing as too long childcare leave?

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 2-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rense Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Ariana Need ◽  
Henk Van der Kolk
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Employment Gap ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to revisit the question whether women’s employment is negatively affected in countries with very long periods of childcare leave. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyzed data on 192,484 individual women, 305 country-years, and 18-countries, combined with country-level data on childcare, unemployment and service sector size. Findings The authors found that in countries with short periods of childcare leave the motherhood-employment gap is smaller than in countries with no childcare leave, while in countries with long periods of childcare leave the motherhood-employment gap is bigger than with short periods of leave. Originality/value The authors argued that to correctly answer the long-leave question – the relationship between duration of leave and employment of women should be explicitly hypothesized as being curvilinear; and childcare leave should be expected to affect only mothers, not women without children; testing the long-leave hypothesis requires the use of country-comparative data in which countries are observed repeatedly over time; and is best tested against person-level data.

The dynamics of regional and global expansion

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Geisler Asmussen ◽  
Bo Bernhard Nielsen ◽  
Tom Osegowitsch ◽  
Andre Sammartino
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Expansion ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Global Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to model and test the dynamics of home-regional and global penetration by multi-national enterprises (MNEs). Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on international business (IB) theory, the authors model MNEs adjusting their home-regional and global market presence over time. The authors test the resulting hypotheses using sales data from a sample of 220 of the world’s largest MNEs over the period 1995-2005. The authors focus specifically on the relationship between levels of market penetration inside and outside the home region and rates of change in each domain. Findings – The authors demonstrate that MNEs do penetrate both home-regional and global markets, often simultaneously, and that penetration levels often oscillate within an MNE over time. The authors show firms’ rates of regional and global expansion to be affected by their existing regional and global penetration, as well as their interplay. Finally, the authors identify differences in the steady states at which firms stabilize their penetration levels in the home-regional and the global space. The findings broadly confirm the MNE as an interdependent portfolio with important regional demarcations. Originality/value – The authors identify complex interdependencies between home-regional and global penetration and growth, paving the way for further studies of the impact of regions on MNE expansion.

Impulsivity and entrepreneurial perseverance: toward an empirical account and entrepreneurship-prone profile

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Pietersen ◽  
Melodi Botha
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Desirability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

PurposeAlthough emerging research has linked impulsivity with the decision to start a business, scholars have yet to draw implications for later-stage entrepreneurial outcomes. Furthermore, the authors have still to derive a parsimonious profile of the multidimensional impulsivity construct which can be positively linked to the entrepreneurial context. This paper proposes and tests a model to explain how impulsivity may relate to entrepreneurial perseverance—a construct typically regarded as a pivotal later-stage entrepreneurial outcome.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 807 owner-managers using an online survey and augmented with the novel use of longitudinal data from the central registrar of companies in South Africa. Covariance-based structural equation modeling and a D2 indexing approach for forming an entrepreneurship-prone impulsivity profile were employed.FindingsResults show that multidimensional impulsivity is significantly, but differentially, related to entrepreneurial perseverance; the perceived desirability of entrepreneurship mediates this effect for two of the four impulsivity dimensions. In particular, the authors find evidence that insufficiency of deliberation enhances, while urgency hinders, perseverance—reflected behaviorally through the filing of annual returns over a three-year period. Furthermore, the authors derive a new entrepreneurship-prone impulsivity profile which begins to suggest an intraindividual profile of impulsivity traits which may be beneficial to the entrepreneurial context.Originality/valueBy demonstrating how impulsivity impacts entrepreneurial perseverance over time, this paper advances emerging research on the relationship between impulsivity and entrepreneurship, while contributing to explaining why the perseverance decision is not simply a matter of venture pecuniary benefits and feasibility.

Assessing growth in occupational licensing of low-income occupations: 1993-2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-218
Author(s):  
Edward Timmons ◽  
Brian Meehan ◽  
Andrew Meehan ◽  
John Hazenstab
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Occupational Licensing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to document the changes in low- and moderate-income occupational licensing over time. Design/methodology/approach Using US state level data, the authors document the rise in occupational licensing for low- and moderate-income occupations over the 1993-2012 period. Findings States averaged 32 additional low- and moderate-income occupations licensed over this period. Louisiana added the most licenses with 59 new licenses for these occupations, while Oklahoma and Kentucky only added 15 licenses for these low- and moderate-income occupations. Originality/value These data have not been documented before and should provide useful for future research into occupational licensing.

Flexibility and agility: evolution and relationship

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1138-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouchra Abdelilah ◽  
Akram El Korchi ◽  
Mohammed Amine Balambo
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operational Ability ◽  
Strategic Ability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the confusion between flexibility and agility. The paper traces the evolution of agility and the evolution of flexibility over time, analyses their drivers and different elements, draws the boundaries between them and defines their relationship. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review of flexibility and agility was developed. Papers written between 1920 and 2017 were reviewed and analyzed using a structured review technique. The identified papers focus on flexibility and agility, relating both to manufacturing and the supply chain. Findings Agility is the natural evolution of flexibility. Until the 1990s, the term “flexibility” was used to refer to agility, but, because of market changes, competitiveness and the need for speed, the term “agility” was coined. While flexibility is considered as an operational ability, agility is a strategic ability that enables a firm to establish a strategic long-term vision. In fact, flexibility is an agility capability, among other capabilities such as responsiveness or speed. There are also several types of flexibility that are used as agility sub-capabilities, or as agility enablers, which further confirms the idea that flexibility is a part of agility. Research limitations/implications This research is a systematic review of the existing literature on the concepts of flexibility and agility. Although it is theoretical, it could provide a set of hypotheses that would enable an empirical study to be conducted into how firms from different industries perceive flexibility and agility and how they implement each of them. Originality/value Flexibility and agility are two distinct characteristics that enable a firm to gain a competitive advantage by responding quickly and effectively to changing customer demand. However, there is confusion between these two concepts in the academic and professional literature, with both terms being used to refer to the same idea. Our literature review aims to draw the boundaries between flexibility and agility by analyzing the evolution of the two concepts and detailing their respective drivers and elements, in order to bring more clarity to the nature of the relationship between flexibility and agility.

scholarly journals Task variety and counterproductive work behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 581-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Morf ◽  
Anja Feierabend ◽  
Bruno Staffelbach
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Level ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behavior ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Task Variety ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between task variety and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and the relationship between change in task variety and change in CWB. CWB is proposed as being a behavior that serves as an outlet by which employees can express displeasure and acts as a substitute for a lack of interest when task variety is low. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzed survey data that were collected at two points in time (T1 and T2) from 515 employees with different occupations working in Switzerland. Findings Task variety at T1 negatively related to organizational CWB (CWB-O) at T2 and interpersonal CWB (CWB-I) at T2. Task variety at T1 was also related to a change in CWB-O and a change in CWB-I. However, change in task variety showed a non-significant relationship to change in CWB-O and change in CWB-I. Research limitations/implications Results indicated that employees tend to respond with CWB when task variety is permanently low and that CWB may even increase over time. Further studies that examine the dynamics between task variety and CWB are therefore recommended. Practical implications Findings inform the practice on the potentially harmful effects of unstimulating work designs and therefore have implications for how to better prevent CWB. Originality/value The two-wave data collection allowed for differentiation between the effect of the baseline level of task variety at T1 on CWB at T2 and the effect of a change in task variety on a change in CWB.

Understanding the relationship between the economy and crime: Canadian provinces, 1981-2009

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1268-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Tovar Jalles ◽  
Martin A. Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Measures ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Support

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of multiple measures of the economy while investigating the role of the economy with crime, as well as the sensitivity of those results. Design/methodology/approach Provincial-level data, 1981-2009, and a series of statistical specifications. Findings The authors find overall support for the Cantor and Land’s (1985) model of unemployment and crime. The authors are also able to show the importance of considering multiple measures of economic activity and multiple statistical methods of analysis for the sensitivity of results. Originality/value Previous research has shown the importance of multiple measures of the economy but not multiple statistical methods as a sensitivity analysis. The authors provide such a sensitivity analysis and show that the Cantor and Land’s (1985) model has significant support.

Entrepreneurship and the consequences of healthcare policy

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Salvino ◽  
Michael Tasto ◽  
Gregory Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Healthcare Policy ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Entrepreneurial Decision ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Employment Data ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-run impact of federal government healthcare subsidies on the level of entrepreneurship as measured by self-employment. Design/methodology/approach – Using annual healthcare and employment data from 1948 through 1999, the paper empirically examines the relationship between the growth in employer-provided healthcare and the rate of self-employment as a share of the non-agriculture, civilian labor force. Findings – The regression results imply that there is a consistent effect that has appeared over time – where federal healthcare subsidies have disproportionately benefitted larger firms, contributing to the decline in the rate of self-employment, within-firm innovation, and factor mobility over time. Research limitations/implications – The research in this study is limited by the examination of self-employment only and a constant institutional structure across all states, only varying across time for the entire USA. In addition, an empirical study looking at how the value of healthcare benefits have changed over time – vs the sole question in this study that depends upon whether or not an individual is covered or not would be very useful in determining the true effect on an entrepreneur. Social implications – Reducing or removing the layers of healthcare subsidies would bring about an increase in the transparency of the wage-productivity relationship and a more efficient allocation of labor and entrepreneurial ability across firm sizes. Originality/value – This paper presents empirical evidence supporting specific improvements to national healthcare policy at a time when such policy is undergoing significant change with consequences for entrepreneurial decision making.

Corruption and inflation: evidence from US states

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Hussein Elkamel
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us States ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that states where corruption is greater also have higher levels of inflation. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of all US states through the period 1992-2007 and various factors common across states that could impact the level of corruption or inflation, multiple regression techniques are used to determine corruption impact to inflation. Findings The study finds that corruption contributes, along with aid transfer, positively to inflation in the US states. The results are robust even after scaling the corruption variable to different determinants. Originality/value While there is some evidence on the relationship between corruption and inflation in cross-country dataset, there is no such evidence on it within country dataset. This paper, however, provides evidence on the relationship between corruption and inflation using state-level data of the US states.

scholarly journals Business group prevalence and impact across countries and over time

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carney ◽  
Marc Van Essen ◽  
Saul Estrin ◽  
Daniel Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Business Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Institutional Void ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine two prominent perspectives on business group functioning, institutional void (IV) and entrenchment/exploitation (EE), that make different predictions about the effect of business group (BG) on the economy. The authors examine the effects of BG prevalence in an economy and its effect on macroeconomic outcomes including foreign direct inward and outward investment, innovation and development of the financial sector. Design/methodology/approach The authors build a unique database by extracting estimates of BG prevalence for multiple countries between 1978 and 2012 from the existing literature and use this to test conflicting predictions derived from the IV and EE perspectives, respectively. Findings The authors find no consistent evidence that BG prevalence diminishes over time with economic development as IVs diminish, which is predicted by the IV perspective. Instead, the long-term persistence of BGs in many countries appears to be more consistent with the EE perspective. However, this study also finds no support for the perspective that high levels of BG prevalence are negatively associated with country-level indicators and determinants of economic development and competitiveness, as suggested by that perspective. Originality/value The authors conclude that there is no robust support for either the IV or the EE perspective and highlight the need for more contextualized theorizing about the evolution of BGs.

scholarly journals The missing middle phenomenon in Indian manufacturing sector: myths or realities?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Parida ◽  
Arup Mitra ◽  
Kailash Ch. Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Indian Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Missing Middle ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study attempts to examine the missing middle (MM) phenomena in the context of the Indian manufacturing sector using the unit level information from the database of Ministry of Corporate Affair, Government of India.Design/methodology/approachUnlike the previous studies, the present study first bifurcated the missing enterprises into two categories such as “permanently” dropped and “reappeared,” in order to pursue a meaningful analysis and derive conclusions with policy insights. Various financial indicators were used to explain the causes of MM phenomena during 2009–2010 and 2016–2017, in a logistic framework.FindingsThe study found that profit margin ratio is higher for the group of medium sized enterprises which continued in comparison to the units which dropped out permanently. Similar is the case with the ratio of investment turnover. The econometric results, however suggest that the relationship between the chances of a firm being dropped out and financial indicators is weak as the coefficients of various financial indicators are found to be statistically significant only for a few years.Originality/valueThe study suggests that the missing middle phenomenon is not a myth in India as very large number of medium-sized firms have been disappearing from the market over the years. Based on firm level data it identifies the factors which resulted in such a phenomenon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document