Psychopathic features in young incarcerated females

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Strand ◽  
Stefan Luebbers ◽  
Stephane M. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Female Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between psychopathic features as measured with the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) and behavioural and emotional functioning in young female offenders in custody. Design/methodology/approach – This is a quantitative interview study investigating the relationship with psychopathic traits, measured with the PCL:YV (Forth et al., 2003), and different psychological characteristics as well as AD/HD, self-harm, and childhood trauma in adolescent offenders across genders. Data were collected from a sample of 40 female and 40 male adolescents who were incarcerated in Victoria, Australia. Findings – Results indicated that the behavioural subscales of the PCL:YV were associated with externalising behaviours possibly underpinned by histories of abuse and substantiated child protection incidences. The presence of AD/HD was strongly associated with affective deficits suggesting that the PCL:YV may be identifying young females with AD/HD rather than core psychopathic traits. Findings also indicate that female-specific manifestations of manipulation are likely being misidentified as behavioural phenomena precluding clinical recognition as a core interpersonal trait. Significant dissimilarities with a young male comparison group were identified and are discussed within. Research limitations/implications – The sample size is very small and the results should be seen as an indication rather than generalising. Originality/value – Studies on female juvenile offenders is rare and this study adds to the literature on the construct of psychopathy and its relationship to psychosocial factors as well as associations with AD/HD, self-harm, and childhood trauma, among incarcerated adolescents.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Trauma, Recidivism Risk, and Reoffending in Male and Female Juvenile Offenders

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina A. Vitopoulos ◽  
Michele Peterson-Badali ◽  
Shelley Brown ◽  
Tracey A. Skilling
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Female Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Trauma Recidivism ◽  
The Relationship

Predictors of self-harm in male inmates

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jane Barton ◽  
Tanya Meade ◽  
Steven Cumming ◽  
Anthony Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Male Inmates

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictors of self-harm in male inmates. Design/methodology/approach – Male inmates with and without a background of self-harm (i.e. suicidal and non-suicidal) were compared across two distal (static and trait) and two proximal (environmental and current/state psychological) domains. The factors from the four domains which may accurately classify self-harm history were also examined. Findings – The two groups were significantly different across the four domains, particularly on psychological characteristics. The self-harm group was associated with childhood trauma, violent offences, institutional misconducts and lower levels of social support significantly more than the non-self-harm group. Being single, childhood abuse, impulsivity, antisocial personality disorder and global psychopathology were the five key predictors that contributed to 87.4 per cent of all cases being correctly classified. Practical implications – The high levels of psychiatric morbidity and childhood trauma in the self-harm group indicated a need for interventions that address emotional and interpersonal difficulties and optimization of adaptive coping skills. Also, interventions may require a focus on the behavioural functions. Originality/value – A novel approach was taken to the grouping of the variables. A comprehensive range of variables, was assessed simultaneously, including some not previously considered indicators, and in an understudied population, Australian male inmates. The lower levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness and generalized anxiety disorder which distinguished the self-harm and non-self-harm group, were newly identified for self-harm.

Is the reported increase in young female hospital-treated intentional self-harm real or artefactual?

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie McGill ◽  
Sarah A Hiles ◽  
Tonelle E Handley ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Terry J Lewin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
True Rate ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Australian Institute ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Event Rates

Background: The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare has reported an increased rate of hospital-treated intentional self-harm in young females (2000–2012) in Australia. These reported increases arise from institutional data that are acknowledged to underestimate the true rate, although the degree of underestimation is not known. Objective: To consider whether the reported increase in young females’ hospital-treated intentional self-harm is real or artefactual and specify the degree of institutional underestimation. Methods: Averages for age- and gender-standardised event rates for hospital-treated intentional self-harm (national: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; state: New South Wales Ministry of Health) were compared with sentinel hospital event rates for intentional self-poisoning (Hunter Area Toxicology Service, Calvary Mater Newcastle) in young people (15–24 years) for the period 2000–2012. A time series analysis of the event rates for the sentinel hospital was conducted. Results: The sentinel hospital event rates for young females of 444 per 100,000 were higher than the state (378 per 100,000) and national (331 per 100,000) rates. There was little difference in young male event rates – sentinel unit: 166; state: 166 and national: 153 per 100,000. The sentinel hospital rates showed no change over time for either gender. Conclusion: There was no indication from the sentinel unit data of any increase in rates of intentional self-poisoning for young females. The sentinel and state rates were higher than the national rates, demonstrating the possible magnitude of underestimation of the national data. The reported increases in national rates of hospital-treated self-harm among young females might be due to artefactual factors, such as changes in clinical practice (greater proportion admitted), improved administrative coding of suicidal behaviours or possibly increased hospital presentations of community self-injury cases, but not intentional self-poisoning. A national system of sentinel units is needed for the accurate and timely monitoring of all hospital-treated self-harm.

scholarly journals Criminal social identity and suicide ideation among Pakistani young prisoners

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Shagufta ◽  
Daniel Boduszek ◽  
Katie Dhingra ◽  
Derrol Kola-Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – Suicidal behaviour is a common in prisoners, yet little is known about the factors that may protect against thoughts of ending one’s life. The purpose of this paper is to specify and test a structural model to examine the relationship between three criminal social identity (CSI) dimensions (in-group affect, in-group ties, and cognitive centrality) and suicide ideation while controlling for period of confinement, age, criminal friends, and offense type (violent vs non-violent). Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 415 male juvenile offenders incarcerated in prisons in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A structural model was specified and tested using Mplus to examine the relationships between the three factors of CSI and suicidal thoughts, while controlling for age, offender type, period of confinement, and substance dependence. Findings – The model provided an adequate fit for the data, explaining 22 per cent of variance in suicidal thoughts. In-group affect (the level of personal bonding with other criminals) was found to exert a strong protective effect against suicide ideation. Originality/value – The research contributes important information on suicide ideation in Pakistan, an Islamic country in which suicide is considered a sin and subsequently a criminal offence. Results indicate that Juvenile offenders’ sense of shared identity may help to prevent the development of thoughts of death by suicide. Consequently, separating and isolating young prisoners may be ill advised.

scholarly journals Electroglottographic Analysis of the Voice in Young Male Role of Kunqu Opera

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3930
Author(s):  
Li Dong ◽  
Jiangping Kong
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Pitch Range ◽  
Male Role ◽  
Male Roles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

The phonation types used in the young male role in Kunqu Opera were investigated. Two national young male role singers volunteered as the subjects. Each singer performed three voice conditions: singing, stage speech, and reading lyrics. Three electroglottogram parameters, the fundamental frequency, contact quotient, and speed quotient, were analyzed. Electroglottogram parameters were different between voice conditions. Five phonation types were found by clustering analysis in singing and stage speech: (1) breathy voice, (2) high adduction modal voice, (3) modal voice, (4) untrained falsetto, and (5) high adduction falsetto. The proportion of each phonation type was not identical in singing and stage speech. The relationship between phonation type and pitch was multiple to one in the low pitch range, and one to one in the high pitch range. The sound pressure levels were related to the phonation types. Five phonation types, instead of only the two phonation types (modal voice and falsetto) that are identified in traditional Kunqu Opera singing theory, were concomitantly used in the young male role’s artistic voices. These phonation types were more similar to those of the young female roles than to those of the other male roles in the Kunqu Opera.

What makes a difference? Evaluating the key distinctions and predictors of sexual and non-sexual offending among male and female juvenile offenders

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryanna Fox
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Female Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the ability of a comprehensive set of covariates to distinguish and predict juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) from non-sexual juvenile offenders (NSJOs) using demographic traits, criminality covariates, childhood trauma, and psychopathologies in a sample of male and female juvenile offenders in the USA. Design/methodology/approach A multivariate binary logistic regression will be conducted on a total of 64,329 juvenile offenders in Florida to determine what demographic, criminal history, childhood traumas, and psychopathologies make a difference in identifying sexual and NSJOs while controlling for the other key predictors in the model. Findings Results indicate that having an earlier age of criminal onset and more felony arrests, experiencing sexual abuse or being male, having low empathy, high impulsivity, depression, and psychosis all significantly increase the risk of sexual vs non-sexual offending among the male and female juvenile offenders, even while controlling for all other key covariates in the analysis. Originality/value This study uncovered many new findings regarding the key distinguishing traits of juvenile sex offending vs non-sexual offending, using a comprehensive list of predictors, a large sample of male and female offenders, and a rigorous statistical methodology.

Economic crisis and child maltreatment in Spain: the consequences of the recession in the child protection system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Montagud Mayor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to examine the consequences of the last great recession on the child protection system (CPS) in Spain, to estimate whether there is any kind of relationship between the conditions of socio-economic crisis and its protective activity. Design/methodology/approach Data on child protection legal measures issued by the CPS and socio-economic data from 8 of the 17 regions of the country were cross-checked. Using the chi-square test, it was possible to determine the significance and intensity of the relationship between the different variables in each of the regions of the study. Findings During the crisis, the number of recorded cases fell most sharply in those regions with the worst socio-economic indicators. The study shows that there is a significant relationship between the socio-economic conditions of the regions and families and the activity of the CPS in each of them, so that the worsening of the former reduces the protective activity of their protection system. Practical implications The results ask about the influence of the socioeconomic situation in the decision-making of the CPS in Spain and the need to deepen in its study. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study on the effects of the economic crisis on CPS activity in Spain.

Making meaning as well as money: the experience of young female entrepreneurs

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate V. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Outcomes ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Longitudinal Case Studies

Purpose The aim of this paper is to focus on the meaning of entrepreneurial work for young female entrepreneurs. Specific domains of exploratory emphasis are: the link between the individual and the business; the entwinement of self-esteem and business outcomes; and the language of attachment. Design/methodology/approach Four longitudinal case studies using multiple in-depth, phenomenologically oriented interviews inform the paper. Findings The nature of the relationship between the entrepreneurs and their work was intense and all-encompassing. Further, this sample overlaid their stories with an emotional dimension that was inseparable from the narratives of “business life” and openly advocated this emotional way of working. Originality value Coverage of age and gender in relation to entrepreneurship is virtually non-existent.

The relationship between psychosocial maturity and aggression among female juvenile offenders

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Hinz ◽  
Naomi E. Goldstein ◽  
Amanda NeMoyer ◽  
Daniel Pennacchia ◽  
Jennifer M. Serico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Psychosocial Maturity ◽  
Female Juvenile Offenders ◽  
The Relationship

From the ground up: young research advisors’ perspectives on relationships between participation and protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
C.J. Hamilton ◽  
Abbie Rodgers ◽  
Keeley Howard ◽  
Camille Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Collaborative Reflection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Young Researchers

Purpose This contribution is co-authored by three members of the Young Researchers’ Advisory Panel (YRAP) at the International Centre: Researching child sexual exploitation, violence and trafficking (IC) at the University of Bedfordshire, and supported by an academic researcher (Camille). The purpose of this paper is to reflect the group’s discussions about the relationship between children’s participation and protection, considered within the context of the group’s role and work. Design/methodology/approach A collaborative reflection piece co-produced through discussions between young research advisors and academic colleagues. Findings This paper shows the young researchers’ perspectives on the relationship between and interdependencies of child protection and child participation. Originality/value A unique contribution capturing children and young people’s perspectives on the journal’s theme and other contributions to it.

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