Is the reported increase in young female hospital-treated intentional self-harm real or artefactual?

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie McGill ◽  
Sarah A Hiles ◽  
Tonelle E Handley ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Terry J Lewin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
True Rate ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Australian Institute ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Event Rates

Background: The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare has reported an increased rate of hospital-treated intentional self-harm in young females (2000–2012) in Australia. These reported increases arise from institutional data that are acknowledged to underestimate the true rate, although the degree of underestimation is not known. Objective: To consider whether the reported increase in young females’ hospital-treated intentional self-harm is real or artefactual and specify the degree of institutional underestimation. Methods: Averages for age- and gender-standardised event rates for hospital-treated intentional self-harm (national: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; state: New South Wales Ministry of Health) were compared with sentinel hospital event rates for intentional self-poisoning (Hunter Area Toxicology Service, Calvary Mater Newcastle) in young people (15–24 years) for the period 2000–2012. A time series analysis of the event rates for the sentinel hospital was conducted. Results: The sentinel hospital event rates for young females of 444 per 100,000 were higher than the state (378 per 100,000) and national (331 per 100,000) rates. There was little difference in young male event rates – sentinel unit: 166; state: 166 and national: 153 per 100,000. The sentinel hospital rates showed no change over time for either gender. Conclusion: There was no indication from the sentinel unit data of any increase in rates of intentional self-poisoning for young females. The sentinel and state rates were higher than the national rates, demonstrating the possible magnitude of underestimation of the national data. The reported increases in national rates of hospital-treated self-harm among young females might be due to artefactual factors, such as changes in clinical practice (greater proportion admitted), improved administrative coding of suicidal behaviours or possibly increased hospital presentations of community self-injury cases, but not intentional self-poisoning. A national system of sentinel units is needed for the accurate and timely monitoring of all hospital-treated self-harm.

‘Boozers and Bouncers’: Masculine Conflict, Disengagement and the Contemporary Governance of Drinking-Related Violence and Disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Tomsen
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Security Officers ◽  
Self Image ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Gender Policing ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Public Drinking

The links between crime, violence and male offending are now more deeply researched in a growing international literature that understands much antisocial and criminal behaviour as a social resource for the attainment and protection of masculine identities. Nevertheless, the tie between masculinity and nonoffending has been much less explored. This focus group study of understandings of public drinking-related conflict and violence among young male drinkers and security officers in a combined urban and rural district of New South Wales illustrates the significance and complexity of these links. Masculine concerns inform a readiness for involvement with conflict and its enjoyment through the prominence of issues of social status, gender policing, honour and carnival during different social occasions. But this must be understood in relation to the different masculinity ‘projects’ (Connell, 1995) that contrast security officers with an idealised professional self-image and the majority of drinkers, from a more violent minority. A surprisingly common pattern of ‘respectable’ masculine subjectivity informs disengagement from serious violence. This is often characterised by an exaggerated view of the rational male self as safe and in control of most social interaction in dangerous public contexts. The pitfalls of this may even be enhanced by the new influence of campaigns around ‘risky’ public drinking that aim to instill ideals of responsible self-governance.

Suicide Prevention in New South Wales Correctional Centres

Crisis ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Eyland ◽  
Simon Corben ◽  
Jenny Barton
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Self ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Incarcerated Population

The New South Wales Department of Corrective Services has introduced a number of suicide prevention measures in order to deal with the problem of inmate suicides. This article describes the measures. The article also shows that the characteristics of the incarcerated population differ greatly from those in the community. Findings from the self-harm database 1991-1995 show that, nevertheless, there are some unique characteristics of the group of self-harmers and fatal self-harmers. These findings are discussed in relation to the preventive measures that are introduced in the NSW correctional centers.

The Occurence of the Dusky Field-rat, Rattus sordidus (Rodentia : Muridae), in New South Wales

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
K Keith
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Young Female ◽  
South Wales

Description and measurements are given of two young female R. sordidus trapped near Evans Head, N.S.W., in 1968 and 1970.

scholarly journals Sex- and age-specific effects of energy intake and physical activity on sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jin Cho ◽  
Youn-Hee Lim ◽  
Jae Moon Yun ◽  
Hyung-Jin Yoon ◽  
Minseon Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Sarcopenia is a common health issue that is not limited to only elderly patients. However, many studies have reported factors to prevent sarcopenia only in susceptible groups. This study evaluates the relationship of the total energy intake to basal metabolic rate ratio (EI/BMR) and physical activity (PA) with sarcopenia. A second aim was to analyze the interaction between EI/BMR and PA by sex and age. We analyzed 16,313 subjects aged ≥ 19 years who had dual‒energy X-ray absorptiometry data. Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular lean mass/weight (%) that was 1 standard deviation below the sex-specific mean value for a young reference group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the interaction between EI/BMR and PA. In this study, as EI/BMR increased, the risk of sarcopenia decreased, particularly in the older groups. Both high PA and high EI/BMR were independently related to the reduced risk of sarcopenia and showed additive effects on reducing the risk in young male and older groups. However, high PA was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia in the young female group with low energy intake. Our findings suggest that an adequate balance between energy intake and PA is related to a low risk of sarcopenia, especially in young females.

scholarly journals Sustaining evidence-based practice for young people who self-harm: a 4-year follow-up

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Einfeld ◽  
Margaret Tobin ◽  
John Beard ◽  
Elizabeth Evans ◽  
Richard Buss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Service ◽  
New South ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Northern Rivers

Stewart Einfeld is at the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales; the late Margaret Tobin was the Director of Mental Health, South Australia; John Beard is Head of the Northern Rivers University Department of Rural Health, University of Sydney; Elizabeth Evans is a Research Assistant at the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales; Richard Buss is the Area Manager, Northern Rivers Area Mental Health Service; Michael Dudley is a child psychiatrist at Prince of Wales Hospital and the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales.This report is dedicated to our late co-author Margaret Tobin, to honour her contribution to advancing the quality of mental health services.Objective: In 1998 and 1999, two NSW Area Health Services conducted the Youth At Risk of Deliberate Self Harm (YARDS) project. The YARDS project was designed to implement evidence-based service enhancements for the clinical management of young people with Deliberate Self Harm. This paper examines the extent to which service enhancements implemented during YARDS were maintained 4 years after the conclusion of the project and compares service quality with another NSW Area Health Service that did not participate in the YARDS project.Method: Staff from mental health services and emergency departments completed the Service Activity Scale, a measure developed for the YARDS project to assess the quality of health service response to individuals who present following a suicide attempt.Results: Results indicated that the service improvements made during the YARDS project were maintained 4years after the project ended. Furthermore, a significant difference was found between scores for services that participated in YARDS and services that did not participate in YARDS.Conclusions: These results suggest that projects such as YARDS which support evidence based service nhancements may be useful in improving the management of young people with deliberate self-harm, and that these improvements may be long-lasting.

Paediatric poisoning exposures in schools: reports to Australia’s largest poisons centre

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-319919
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ly ◽  
Jared A Brown ◽  
Nicholas A Buckley ◽  
Rose Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
New South ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Poisons Information

ObjectiveTo describe poisoning exposures occurring at school in a large sample of Australian children.DesignA population-based retrospective cohort study.SettingCases reported to the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (NSWPIC), Australia’s largest poisons information centre, taking 50% of the nation’s poisoning calls.PatientsPoisoning exposures occurring in children and adolescents while at school were included, over a 4.5-year period (January 2014 to June 2018).Main outcome measuresTime trends in poisonings, demographics, exposure characteristics, substances involved, disposition.ResultsThere were 1751 calls relating to exposures at school made to NSWPIC. Most calls concerned accidental exposures (60.8%, n=1064), followed by deliberate self-poisonings (self-harm, 12.3%, n=216). Over a quarter of cases were hospitalised (n=468), where the call originated from hospital or patients referred to hospital by NSWPIC. Disposition varied by exposure type, and hospitalisation was highest with deliberate self-poisonings (92.6%, n=200), recreational exposures (57.1%, n=12) and other intentional exposures (32.6%, n=45). The median age was 12 (IQR 8–15 years), and 54.7% were male (n=958). The most common pharmaceutical exposures were to paracetamol (n=100), methylphenidate (n=78) and ibuprofen (n=53), with the majority being deliberate self-poisonings. Copper sulfate was responsible for 55 science class cases, 45% of which were hospitalised. Cases may be increasing, with 81.3 (±8.2) calls per quarter, 2014–2016, and 129.3 (±24.3) calls per quarter, 2017–2018.ConclusionsPoisoning exposures occurring at school are common, with disposition and substances involved varying considerably by exposure reason. The relatively high number of referrals to hospital highlights the need for investigation into preventative measures.

Danger Delights: Texts of Gender and Race in Aerial Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (45) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Peta Tait
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
The Body ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Separation

Circus artists, especially aerial performers and wire-walkers, transgress and reconstruct the boundaries of racial and gender identity as part of their routine. In the following article, Peta Tait analyzes the careers of two twentieth-century Australian aerialists of Aboriginal descent who had to assume alternative racial identities to facilitate and enhance their careers. Both Con Colleano, who became a world-famous wire-walker in the 1920s, and Dawn de Ramirez, a side-show and circus aerialist who worked in Europe in the 1960s, undermined the social separation of masculine and feminine behaviours in their acts. Theories of the body and identity, including those of Foucault and Judith Butler, inform this critique of the performing body in circus. The author, Peta Tait, is a playwright and drama lecturer at the University of New South Wales. She is author of Original Women's Theatre (1993) and Converging Realities: Feminism in Australian Theatre (1994).

RIGIDITY: A COMPARISON BY AGE AND GENDER

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence T. Vollhardt
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male Group ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Old Females

This study compared personality rigidity in young adults (ages 17 to 21), older adults (21 to 72), male and female groups. A probability sample of 295 community-college psychology students were administered a 39-item, true false rigidity questionnaire. The following research hypotheses were formulated: Rigidity is related functionally to age and gender, with males being more rigid than females, young being more rigid than old, and young male and young female groups being more rigid than old male and old female groups. Measures of central tendency and dispersion as well as one-tailed t tests were used to analyze the data. The following significant differences at the .05 level were found: The male group was more rigid than the female group; and the young male group was more rigid than the young female group. Since no significant differences existed between old males and old females, it was concluded that rigidity differences may diminish with age.

Engendering homophobia: violence, sexuality and gender conformity

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Tomsen ◽  
Gail Mason
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Masculine Identity ◽  
Gender Conformity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
And Gender

The links between social constructions of sexuality and gender are theoretically and politically problematic. A contemporary social movement understanding of violence against gay men and lesbians as ‘homophobic’ suggests a solid basis for coalitionist action. But important aspects of the imposition of gender conformity are a common thread in the experience of female, male and transsexual victims and the motives of perpetrators. Detail of violent and hostile incidents is drawn from two Australian studies: Victorian research on the experiences of 75 lesbians and a New South Wales study of 74 homicides with anti-homosexual motives. Violent acts commonly reflect the hatred and stigma felt towards women and men whose sexuality falls outside of acceptable gendered boundaries. Additionally, this research signals the importance of violence and harassment for the attainment and protection of a masculine identity among perpetrators, and the significance of gender in ways that call for a new understanding of ‘homophobia’ as a socially widespread phenomenon.

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