Comparing fidelity monitoring methods in an evidence-based parenting intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwini Tiwari ◽  
Daniel Whitaker ◽  
Shannon Self-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Program Fidelity ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Fidelity Monitoring ◽  
Video And Audio

Purpose Two common methods in community settings of assessing program fidelity, a critical implementation component for program effectiveness, are video and audio recordings of sessions. This paper aims to examine how these two methods compared when used for a home-based behavioral parenting-training model (SafeCare®). Design/methodology/approach Twenty-five SafeCare video-recorded sessions between home visitors and parents were scored by trained raters either using the video or audio-only portions of recordings. Sessions were coded using fidelity checklists, with items (n = 33) classified as one of two fidelity aspects, content [delivery of program components (n = 15)], or process [communication and rapport building (n = 11)]. Seven items were considered to overlap between constructs. Items were coded as having been done or not done appropriately. Coders rated items as “technological limitation” when scoring methods hindered coding. Analyses compared percent agreement and disagreement between audio and video coders. Findings Overall agreement between coders was 72.12%. Levels of agreement were higher for content items (M = 80.89%, SD = 19.68) than process items (58.54%, SD = 34.41). Disagreements due to technology limitations among audio coders were noted among 15 items; particularly, higher levels of disagreement were seen among process items (42.42%) than content items (9.64%). Originality/value Compared to video, fidelity monitoring via audio recordings was associated with some loss of process-related fidelity. However, audio recordings could be sufficient with supplements such as participant surveys, to better capture process items. Research should also examine how content and process fidelity relate to changes in family behavior to further inform optimal fidelity monitoring methods for program use.

scholarly journals IN-PERSON FIDELITY MONITORING: HOME-BASED INTERVENTION DELIVERY FOR PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA AND THEIR CAREGIVERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S28-S29
Author(s):  
Justine S Sefcik ◽  
Nancy A Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Fidelity Monitoring ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Home Based Intervention ◽  
Participant Perspectives

Abstract The gold standard for ensuring satisfactory delivery of an intervention remains fidelity monitoring. In-person observations for fidelity monitoring has received less attention in the literature compared to evaluating sessions via video and audio-recordings. This presentation focuses on a qualitative analysis of field notes from 15 scheduled fidelity visits of a home-based intervention involving persons with dementia and their caregivers (Healthy Patterns, NCT03682185). The findings of advantages (e.g., being able to complete observations in real time), disadvantages (e.g., additional time needed from staff to coordinate and attend visits), and ethical considerations (e.g., potential intrusiveness in the home when observing staff) with be discussed. Future research recommendation is to explore participant perspectives on having an in-person fidelity monitor in the home.

Pebble Technology Corporation: from dorm room dream to high tech pioneer

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Schneper ◽  
Colin Martin
Keyword(s):  
High Tech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Technology Corporation ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Early Entrant

Synopsis Pebble Technology Corporation (Pebble) was an early entrant into the smartwatch industry. Pebble’s Founder, Eric Migicovsky, began thinking about creating a smartwatch in 2008 while still an undergraduate engineering student. After selling about 1,500 prototype watches, he was accepted into Silicon Valley’s prestigious Y Combinator business start-up program. Finding it difficult to attract investors, Migicovsky launched a crowdfunding campaign that raised a record-breaking $10.27m on Kickstarter. The case concludes shortly after Apple’s unveiling of its soon-to-be-released Apple Watch. The case provides an opportunity to evaluate Pebble’s various strategic options at the time of Apple’s announcement. Research methodology The authors observed over 30 h of video and audio recordings of speeches, interviews and other events involving Pebble’s founder, other Pebble executives, investors and competitors. These recordings are all publicly available. Whenever possible, the authors also reviewed the Twitter feeds, Facebook sites and personal websites of Pebble’s top executives over time. Similarly, the authors followed Pebble’s official website, corporate blog and Kickstarter campaign websites. The authors also drew from numerous media reports. Due to the public nature of the data, no company release is provided nor has any information been disguised in any way. Relevant courses and levels The case is designed for both undergraduate and graduate students for courses in strategic management.

Antecedents and consequences of replacing international independent intermediaries

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-237
Author(s):  
Erik B. Nes
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Communication Control ◽  
And Control

Purpose – What characterizes the relationships with intermediaries that are soon to be replaced, and are the replacements successful? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies a longitudinal design. The paper conducted a survey among a sample of exporters concerning their relationships with independent intermediaries in terms of trust, commitment, communication, control and two performance variables; financial performance and strategic goal achievement. Five years thereafter the author contacted the same companies again and questioned which independent intermediaries had been replaced in the period. The author then compared the replaced intermediaries with the extended intermediaries before they were replaced and analysed changes in the evaluations of the relationships and of the performance after the replacement. Findings – The relationships with terminated intermediaries that were replaced by sales subsidiary or home-based direct sales were characterized having higher trust, communication and control than extended relationships before replacement. While it may be surprising that these quite successful relationships were terminated, this is in line with internationalization process theories. The replacements, both intermediaries that were replaced by other intermediaries and by sales subsidiary/home-based direct sales, were highly successful in terms of improvement in performance and behavioural relationship variables. Research limitations/implications – The empirical findings are limited by the sample and by data collection from the principal only in the dyadic relations. Practical implications – International independent intermediaries should analyse the likelihood of being replaced by the principal because the relationship or the performance is unsatisfactory, but also because of satisfactory evaluations. Terminations of satisfactory relationships tend to be accompanied by change in operation mode to internal organization. The independent intermediary should in such cases build a defence structure against unwanted termination and/or prepare for buyout. The success of the replacements suggests that international marketers benefit from being proactive in replacing intermediaries with new intermediaries or with a hierarchal entry mode. Originality/value – This is the first study that applies most of these variables from interorganizational relations theory in the study of international independent intermediary replacements. It is also the first to give insight into the consequences of intermediary terminations.

Processual responsiveness in dialogic facilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Helle Alrø ◽  
Lise Billund
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Dialogic Approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the role of a group facilitator when taking a dialogical stance. A special interest is facilitator’s processual responsiveness and its potential for supporting a dialogic approach to process facilitation. Design/methodology/approach Theoretically, the article is based on dialogue and dialectic relationship theory. Empirically, it is based on pragmatic analysis of excerpts from audio recordings of a two-day process facilitation with an organizational group called KUDIAS. Findings The analysis highlights the importance of processual responsiveness of the facilitator in terms of focused attention to the process as well as to the interpersonal relations between the participants in the process. Being processually responsive, the facilitator supports the process in becoming dialogic toward all participants’ perspectives and in creating a climate characterized by curiosity, wondering, exploration and recognition. However, facilitator’s processual responsiveness also requires the ability to balance the process between support and confrontation. Originality/value Processual responsiveness is developed and discussed theoretically as well as empirically.

scholarly journals Integrating a transfer perspective into evaluations of leadership training

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Tafvelin ◽  
Henna Hasson ◽  
Karina Nielsen ◽  
Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Training ◽  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Training Content ◽  
Time To Learn ◽  
Outcomes Of Leadership

PurposeIn previous studies, outcomes of leadership training have varied, with some studies suggesting large effects and others small. Although the transfer of training literature suggests a number of factors that influence training outcomes, this knowledge has seldom been used when evaluating the outcomes of leadership training. The purpose of the present study is therefore to examine how factors related to transfer of training influence outcomes of leadership training.Design/methodology/approachIn the present research, follower-rated outcomes of a leadership training program in Denmark (N = 298) was examined from a transfer of training perspective.FindingsUsing Baldwin and Ford's transfer of training model as a framework, analyses revealed that leaders' utility reactions (i.e. perception of usefulness) and learning were linked to transfer of training. In addition, leaders' perceptions of transfer were associated with post-intervention follower-rated transformational leadership and collective self-efficacy.Practical implicationsMaking sure that leaders find the training useful for their everyday activities (i.e. positive utility reactions) and that they have time to learn the training content is important to enable transfer and for leaders to use trained skills back at work.Originality/valueThe findings indicate the importance of understanding how leaders' perception of training content influences leadership training outcomes and that these perceptions need to be a part of the evaluation of leadership training. In addition, the findings suggest that factors predicting transfer of leadership training differ from other types of training.

How school leadership development evolves: crossing timescales and settings

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Jensen ◽  
Kirsten Foshaug Vennebo
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
School Improvement ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
School Leadership Development ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity

Purpose This paper aims to address workplace learning in terms of investigating school leadership development in an inter-professional team (the team) in which principals, administrators and researchers work together on a local school improvement project. The purpose is to provide an enriched understanding of how school leadership development evolves in a team during two years as the team works on different problem-spaces and the implications for leadership in schools. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a larger study with a qualitative research design with longitudinal, interventional, interactional and multiple-time level approaches. Empirically, the paper draws on tools, video and audio data from the teams’ work. By using cultural–historical activity theory (CHAT), school leadership development is examined as an object-oriented and tool-mediated activity. CHAT allows analyses of activities across timescales and workplaces. It examines leadership development by tracing objects in tool-mediated work and the ways in which they evolved. The object refers to what motivates and directs activity. Findings The findings suggest that the objects evolved both within and across episodes and the two-year trajectory of the team. Longitudinal trajectories of tools, schools and universities seem to intersect with episodes of leadership development. Some episodes seem to be conducive for changes in the principals’ schools during the collaboration. Research limitations/implications There is a need for a broader study that includes more cases in other contexts, thus expanding the existing knowledge. Originality/value By switching lenses of zooming, it has been possible to examine leadership development in a way that is not possible through surveys and interviews.

scholarly journals Grey theory–based BP-NN co-training for dense sequence long-term tendency prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Hong ◽  
Yingjie Yang ◽  
Qishan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
State Transition ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Transition Probability Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
State Transition Probability ◽  
Dense Sequence ◽  
Popularity Prediction

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to solve the problems existing in topic popularity prediction in online social networks and advance a fine-grained and long-term prediction model for lack of sufficient data.Design/methodology/approachBased on GM(1,1) and neural networks, a co-training model for topic tendency prediction is proposed in this paper. The interpolation based on GM(1,1) is employed to generate fine-grained prediction values of topic popularity time series and two neural network models are considered to achieve convergence by transmitting training parameters via their loss functions.FindingsThe experiment results indicate that the integrated model can effectively predict dense sequence with higher performance than other algorithms, such as NN and RBF_LSSVM. Furthermore, the Markov chain state transition probability matrix model is used to improve the prediction results.Practical implicationsFine-grained and long-term topic popularity prediction, further improvement could be made by predicting any interpolation in the time interval of popularity data points.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in constructing a co-training model with GM(1,1) and neural networks. Markov chain state transition probability matrix is deployed for further improvement of popularity tendency prediction.

Comparative analysis of lunar capture braking method based on particle swarm optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-566
Author(s):  
Chengchao Bai ◽  
Jifeng Guo ◽  
Wenyuan Zhang ◽  
Tianhang Liu ◽  
Linli Guo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to verify the feasibility of lunar capture braking through three methods based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the three strategies by analyzing the results of the simulation. Design/methodology/approach The paper proposes three methods to verify capture braking based on PSO. The constraints of the method are the final lunar orbit eccentricity and the height of the final orbit around the Moon. At the same time, fuel consumption is used as a performance indicator. Then, the PSO algorithm is used to optimize the track of the capture process and simulate the entire capture braking process. Findings The three proposed braking strategies under the framework of PSO algorithm are very effective for solving the problem of lunar capture braking. The simulation results show that the orbit in the opposite direction of the trajectory has the most serious attenuation at perilune, and it should consume the least amount of fuel in theoretical analysis. The methods based on the fixed thrust direction braking and thrust uniform rotation braking can better ensure the final perilune control accuracy and fuel consumption. As for practice, the fixed thrust direction braking method is better realized among the three strategies. Research limitations/implications The process of lunar capture is a complicated process, involving effective coordination between multiple subsystems. In this article, the main focus is on the correctness of the algorithm, and a simplified dynamic model is adopted. At the same time, because the capture time is short, the lunar curvature can be omitted. Furthermore, to better compare the pros and cons of different braking modes, some influence factors and perturbative forces are not considered, such as the Earth’s flatness, light pressure and system noise and errors. Practical implications This paper presents three braking strategies that can satisfy all the constraints well and optimize the fuel consumption to make the lunar capture more effective. The results of comparative analysis demonstrate that the three strategies have their own superiority, and the fixed thrust direction braking is beneficial to engineering realization and has certain engineering practicability, which can also provide reference for lunar exploration orbit design. Originality/value The proposed capture braking strategies based on PSO enable effective capture of the lunar module. During the lunar exploration, the capture braking phase determines whether the mission will be successful or not, and it is essential to control fuel consumption on the premise of accuracy. The three methods in this paper can be used to provide a study reference for the optimization of lunar capture braking.

Digitizing oral history: can you hear the difference?

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Cocciolo
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Archival Quality ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Quality Recording

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to answer the questions: Can students discern the difference between oral histories digitized at archival quality (96 kHz/24-bit) versus CD-quality (44.1 kHz/16-bit)? and How important do they believe this difference is? Digitization of analog audio recordings has become the recommended best practice in preserving and making available oral histories. Additionally, well-accepted standards in performing this work are available. However, there is relatively little research that addresses if individuals can hear a qualitative difference in recordings made with best practices versus those that have not. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 53 individuals participated in the study, where they listened to three sets of oral histories and had to decide which was the archival-quality recording versus the CD-quality recording and mark their answer on a survey. Findings – Students could discern less than half of the time on average which was the archival quality versus the CD-quality recording. Further, after listening to the differences, they most often indicated the difference was “a little bit important”. Practical implications – This research does not suggest that archivists abandon well-established sound digitization practices that produce results that audio archivists (and those able to hear fine-grain audio differences) find superior. Rather, it does imply that additional work may be needed to train listeners to discern these fine-grain differences, and appreciate the highest-fidelity replication of original audio recordings. Originality/value – This research addresses a gap in the literature by connecting audio digitization practices to its impact on listener perception.

Orality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Niles
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Oral Communications ◽  
The Voice

The human capacity for oral communication is superbly well developed. While other animals produce meaningful sounds, most linguists agree that only human beings are possessed of true language, with its complex grammar. Moreover, only humans have the ability to tell stories, with their contrary-to-fact capabilities. This fact has momentous implications for the complexity of the oral communications that humans can produce, not just in conversation but also in a wide array of artistic genres. It is likewise true that only human beings enjoy the benefits of literacy; that is, only humans have developed technologies that enable the sounds of speech to be made visible and construed through one or another type of graphemic representation. Although orality is as innate to the human condition as is breathing or walking, competence in literacy requires training, and it has traditionally been the accomplishment of an educated elite. Correspondingly, the transmutation of oral art forms into writing—that is, the production of what can be called “oral literature”—is a relatively rare and special phenomenon compared with the ease with which people cultivate those art forms themselves. All the same, a large amount of the world’s recorded literature appears to be closely related to oral art forms, deriving directly from them in some instances. Literature of this kind is an oral/literary hybrid. It can fittingly be called “literature of the third domain,” for while it differs in character from literature produced in writing by well-educated people, the fact that it exists in writing distinguishes it from oral communication, even though it may closely resemble oral art forms in its stylized patterning. Understanding the nature of that hybridity requires an engagement not just with the dynamics of oral tradition but also with the processes by which written records of oral art forms are produced. In former days, this was through the cooperative efforts of speakers, scribes, and editors. Since the early 20th century, innovative technologies have opened up new possibilities of representation, not just through print but also through video and audio recordings that preserve a facsimile of the voice. Nevertheless, problems relating to the representation of oral art forms via other media are endemic to the category of oral literature and practically define it as such.

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