The need for anti-corruption policies in developing countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Brody ◽  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Angela N. Ekofo ◽  
Kehinde Mayokun Ogunade
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Policies

Purpose In this study, the authors examine the issue of corruption in the government institutions of developing countries. Additionally, this study aims to answer the following research question: How do developing countries implement and enforce these anti-corruption policies? Specifically, the authors look at the laws adopted in different developing countries to deal with issues related to corruption. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the qualitative approach to examine the causes of recent corruption among government officials in developing countries such as Nigeria, India, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. A comparative approach was used to compare and contrast the anti-corruption practices of developing and developed countries. Findings The findings indicate that corruption is rampant in much of the developing world. On a positive note, the authors have found evidence of actions taken by governments in these developing economies to rapidly deal with issues of corruption. All the countries analyzed in this paper have developed anti-corruption policies and related acts to detect and punish the perpetrators of corruption. Originality/value This paper provides a greater insight as to how the anti-corruption policies are formulated and enforced in the developing world. Specifically, the authors provide examples of different emerging countries and their approaches to developing and enforcing anti-corruption policies. This guidance can help others around the world to deal with anti-corruption policies in their countries. Although the authors have learned a lot about the detrimental effects of corruption and laws enacted to combat it, the next step is to examine the processes used by the developing countries to develop these anti-corruption laws and policies.

Hospital information systems in developing countries: a state-of-the-art systematic review

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Lei ◽  
Jianming Liu ◽  
Wu Li
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information System ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government

Purpose Hospital information system (HIS) can be examined as a vital factor for developing the quality of health care and cost managing. There exists abundant literature on HISs, but implementation-based literature of HIS is rare, typically about progressive countries. However, a study that can comprehensively review published articles is scarce. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the systematic and comprehensive study of HIS in developed countries. Together, the benefits and harms relevant to HIS’s different mechanisms have been considered, and the fundamental challenges of them are addressed to design more efficient HIS in the future. Design/methodology/approach HIS has been used globally for numerous years and is now being used in a wide area. HIS is broadly used in clinical settings. Information technology (IT) and information system have been suggested as a required piece to solve the health-care-related issues. Hence, to improve HIS’s ability, this paper conducted a review method concentratating on research related to HIS until 2019. A total of 21 papers were recognized and examined as principal research for the summary. Findings The authors found that HIS can help in reduction of medical mistakes, enhancement doctors’ performance and increase in the quality of the care provided. HIS management can be used to provide better health-care services. Therefore, HIS must be sensible and use clear structures. The authors conclude that, generally, with an increase in awareness, acceptability and the need for HIS worldwide, there will be more strategies and approaches available. Research limitations/implications First, this paper provides an outline of the status of HIS. Second, it identifies some distinct research gaps that could be worth studying. Some flawless work may be removed because of applying some filters to select the original articles. Surveying all the papers on the topic of HIS is impossible, too. Practical implications Design and sustainability of HIS is still a big issue for most developing countries, despite its wide usage in the developed countries. The technology is changing rapidly, so the field should be reviewed regularly. This paper suggests a suitable framework that will guide HIS in the local conditions of developing countries. Social implications The government will be assisted by the suggested solving ways in its performance and design of electronic health-care projects. Originality/value The study brings the viewpoints on the state of HIS mechanisms in developing countries. The paper’s results can offer visions into future research requirements. By providing comparative information and analyzing the current growths in this area, this study will support researchers and professionals to understand the progress in HIS mechanisms better.

scholarly journals Exploration of pilgrimage tourism in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanti Handriana ◽  
Praptini Yulianti ◽  
Masmira Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pilgrimage Tourism ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
Intention To Revisit

Purpose This study aims to extract information and analyze the antecedents of Muslims following pilgrimage tours. Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia shows that 87.18 per cent of the total population of Indonesia are Muslims. In addition to running the ruling of Islam and the pillars of Faith, Muslims also maintain the religious tourism. The form of religious tourism which is widely followed by the Muslims of Indonesia is to follow a pilgrimage to the tomb of the wali (Guardian), both wali limo and wali songo. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative approach. Data collection was done using in-depth interviews of Muslims in Indonesia who had already attended pilgrimages to wali limo and/or wali songo. Findings The tourists are satisfied and have an intention to revisit the destination, and the interest of the community to follow religious tours is very large, as well as the opportunities to do business in this sector are still wide open. Various motives and benefits of following religious tours, as well as suggestions for improvements for religious tourism destination managers, as well as advice for the government were uncovered. Thus, the results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical contribution related to marketing management in religious tourism and a practical contribution for the managers of religious tourism. Research limitations/implications Further research can be done with a quantitative approach, as well as comparative studies between pilgrimages in Indonesia (developing countries) and pilgrimages in other developing countries or in developed countries can also be conducted. Practical implications For marketing practitioners, the results of this study can be used as a consideration to continue to improve services in the field of religious tourism in the country, given the potential for development is very large. Social implications There is a contribution from this study to the development of marketing science, particularly related to marketing management on religious tourism services. Originality/value This study offers new insight regarding factors influencing Muslims pilgrimage tourism in Indonesia.

Persistence of profitability in top firms: does it vary across sectors?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-287
Author(s):  
Parneet Kaur Bhangu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze variations in the degree of persistence of profitability across diverse economic sectors and industry groups over the time period of 1990-2014 for a sample of top publically listed firms belonging to a selected set of developed and developing economies. Design/methodology/approach Degree of profit persistence has been estimated using Mueller’s (1990) autoregressive methodology. Firms were classified into different economic sectors and industry groups as per the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS). The examination of inter-sectoral variations in profit persistence has been performed by comparing mean values of estimated short-run and long-run profit persistence parameter for all firms and between firms belonging to the developed and developing countries, respectively. Findings Firms in consumer staples, consumer discretionary and health care enjoy persistent above the norm returns, unlike firms in traditional industries, utilities and energy sectors, which are characterized by low persistence and below the norm returns. A high degree of profit persistence is observed in health care and idea- and technology-intensive sector in the developed countries; however, in the developing countries, profits persist higher in consumer discretionary and capital-intensive telecommunication services sectors. Originality/value The study provides a holistic examination of inter-sectoral variations in profit persistence of top firms in developed and developing economies using a uniform methodology and data set. It can serve as an aid to the competition commissions and anti-trust regulatory authorities to formulate policies for curtailing anti-competitive activities in certain sectors.

Effects of trade misinvoicing on money laundering in developing economies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bello Umar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Purpose This study aims to define the concepts and determine the extent to which trade misinvoicing influences money laundering activities in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research methodology was adopted using a descriptive synthesis of secondary data due to the heterogeneous nature of data sources (empirical evidence and content analysis). Findings Analysis revealed that in recent times trade misinvoicing accounts for over 20% of international trade value between developing and developed countries, and trade misinvoicing has been identified as a trade-based money laundering mechanism. Research limitations/implications Unavailability of homogenous data relating to trade misinvoicing among developing countries, different methods for measuring trade misinvoicing and inadequate high-quality research papers that led to the use of reports from reputable organisations. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is among the few research works to assess the effects of trade misinvoicing and how it influences money laundering activities in developing countries.

The relationship between home bias and globalization – an international comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivan Riff ◽  
Yossi Yagil
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Home Bias ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Globalization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Laws And Regulations

PurposeThe authors aim to examine the relationship between home bias and globalization while specifically examining the effects of the different dimensions of globalization (social, economic and political) for both developed countries and developing countries. Additionally, the authors test the effect of globalization regulation and laws against actual globalization activities.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates the influence of globalization on the home bias phenomenon using a panel regression and a three-dimensional globalization index (social, economic and political globalization) of 42 developed and developing countries from 2001 to 2016.FindingsThe results show that globalization significantly reduces home bias. In addition, the authors find that social globalization has a key influence compared to economic globalization and that political globalization has the weakest effect. For developing economies only, economic globalization as well as globalization laws and regulations have a crucial impact on the level of home bias.Originality/valuePrior studies focus merely on the aspect of financial integration. Our study provides a more comprehensive outlook by distinguishing between the features of globalization (social, economic and political) as well as the actual globalization activities (de facto) compared to the laws and regulations enabling those actives (de jure). Lauterbach and Reisman (2004) show that globalization reduces home bias through a theoretical model. This study provides empirical merit to their work. In addition, we examine the different aspects of globalization for both emerging and developed markets.

Servitization impact on performance moderated by country development

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Moreno ◽  
Leonardo Marques ◽  
Rebecca Arkader
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose In recent years, “servitization” has been studied extensively; however, as studies of the impact of servitization on firm performance offer mixed results, the conditions under which the relationship between servitization and performance becomes more significant are contested in the literature. These mixed results have led to the term “service paradox.” The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study investigates servitization in the assembly industry based on a multi-country survey covering 539 industry plants in 22 countries. Findings The study contributes to the research on servitization by adding a contextual perspective to this relationship, taking into account level of development of the country in which a firm is located. Besides confirming the correlation between the servitization and performance, our study unveils a counter-intuitive result: a medium level of development of the country in which a firm is based corresponds to a stronger relationship between servitization and firm performance, whereas higher levels of development seem to diminish the increase in performance. Social implications This study balances out the focus in servitization on advanced economies and help to unveil its benefits in developing countries. Fostering servitization in developing economies can lead to social impact resulting from job shifts from manufacturing to service and the correlated implications for workers’ training and higher motivation experienced in service-based jobs. Originality/value Our study unpacks the “service paradox” and indicates that industry plants in developing countries can still harness the benefits of being first-movers, whereas, in developed countries, servitization may have become an order qualifier rather than a factor of differentiation.

Developing an understanding of the determinants, disclosures, and outcomes of CSR practices – a focus on developed and developing countries: a past review of 10 years

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzeela Aqif ◽  
Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Purpose The increased awareness among consumers and strong competition have forced companies to put extra efforts and fulfill their social responsibility along with earning profits. The research aims to review corporate social responsibility (CSR)-related literature specifically determinants, outcomes and disclosure of CSR while adapting a comparative approach for developing and developed countries. Design/methodology/approach Based on theoretical frameworks of CSR, the authors have reviewed past studies conducted in past 10 years. While using keywords and synonyms, the databases such as JSTOR, Emerald, SpringerLink and ScienceDirect were used for searching impact factor and Scopus journals. Thematic analysis has been used as a method in the paper while identifying the key themes in study and presented them separately. Only those articles have been included which have key words in abstract. The review has been done while using logical process to improve inter-rater reliability. The key databased have been used to cover articles from multiple and diverse domains. The authors studied the key themes of literature found and identified the gaps. The paper has also incorporated the comments of authors who conducted credible studies. Findings It has been found that there are different determinants which lead the companies to involve in CSR practices in developing and developed countries. It has also been found that consumers are more aware about CSR in developed countries which effects the CSR decisions by firms. There is lack of literature available in developing states and researchers have been focused to conduct studies mainly developed countries such as in Europe and USA. Mostly the CSR behavior of companies has been linked with their financial and reputational benefits in empirical studies. There is large gap in literature on CSR involvement in small companies. The authors have developed and presented model which provides comparison of determinants leading toward CSR involvement by companies in developed and developing countries. Another framework has been developed which summarized all the factors which force the company to take part in CSR activities. Practical implications The study has made significant contribution toward research field and summarized the determinants based on social and economic factors of countries. The study also presented the comparison between CSR in developing and developed country which is valuable contribution by the authors. The study has also found lack of progress in theory development in this area which needs further attention by researchers. The authors have developed a model and framework which will contribute in field of CSR. Originality/value This is the review paper which provides integrated view of literature regarding determinants, outcomes and disclosure of CSR in developing countries while using a comparative approach.

Exploring the relationship between corruption, income inequality and informal sector in developing countries: a panel quantile approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rashid ◽  
Farooq Ahmad ◽  
Sarir Ud Din ◽  
Shar Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
Panel Quantile Regression ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
The Government

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the impact of corruption (CP) on income inequality (IN) by considering the size of informal sector (IFS) at different levels of percentiles.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a panel quantile regression approach for a sample of 50 developing countries. The study also applies panel co-integration (Kao residual co-integration test) in order to examine the long-run relationship between CP and IN.FindingsThis paper using a panel quantile regression approach shows that the high incidence of IFS in an economy marginalizes CP's positive effect because it works as a source of poor peoples' livelihood and skillful individuals. The spread of IFSs in the developing economies may raise earnings among groups and individuals who remain unemployed. Moreover, the results show that CP creates asymmetry in income distribution; fascinatingly, the asymmetric income distribution is high when CP is at higher percentiles.Research limitations/implicationsDue to non-availability of IFS, we restrict our analysis up to 50 developing countries.Practical implicationsCP devastates the effectiveness of institutions over time. Therefore, the government should have to take bold steps to reduce CP in society. Another policy implication of this study is that the government should reduce CP to decrease IN in less developing countries. Moreover, to increase the net base, the authorities need to bring IFS under the umbrella of regulation to avoid inequality in society. In developing economies, a higher part of labor force is related to IFS; therefore, our findings suggest a dire need to reduce labor exploitation in IFS. The policymakers can reduce labor exploitation by reducing the size of IFS, which ultimately reduces IN.Social implicationsOn the basis of the authors’ findings, this paper further suggests that it is mandatory for government to reduce CP in order to reduce IN. Moreover, to reduce IN, one needs to reduce the size of IFS.Originality/valueThis study is unique as it is the first that examined the role of IFS in establishing the effect of CP on IN for developing countries at different percentiles.

Remittance and poverty in developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajul Ariffin Masron ◽  
Yogeeswari Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Dynamic Panel Estimator ◽  
Household Incomes

Purpose Remittances to developing countries, especially less developed countries, have been growing tremendously as compared to the past few decades. Nevertheless, whether they can be a critical source of poverty alleviation in developing countries is yet to be conclusively studied. Therefore, this study investigates the implications of remittances on poverty in 44 developing countries from 2006 to 2014. Design/methodology/approach A dynamic panel estimator is applied to examine remittances – poverty nexus. Findings The results provide strong evidence that the level of poverty tends to be lower in countries with a higher flow of remittances. This may be because of the increase in the household incomes of the poor by virtue of the remittance, and/or the money remitted might be channeled to more productive activities, indicating the powerful role of remittances to maintain a sustainable reduction in poverty. Originality/value Although there is no direct policy applicable to remittances, several areas might be good to be assisted and improved by the government.

Study on data use in Indonesian primary schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikhsan Abdusyakur ◽  
Cindy Louise Poortman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
School Improvement ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Government

Purpose Many studies have underlined data use for school improvement. However, these are mainly based on developed countries; studies on data use are still lacking on developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate data use in Indonesian primary schools. This study is based on a conceptual framework focusing on kinds of data, purposes of data use and factors promoting or hindering data use in schools. Design/methodology/approach The authors employed a mixed-method research design, with a total of 194 teachers and 28 heads of schools from 60 schools participating in the survey. Based on the survey analysis, six schools were purposively sampled for a multiple-case study approach. Findings The results show that Indonesian primary schools have similar kinds of data available and most data are used for accountability purposes only. These findings might be explained by the government trying to counter-balance the schools’ autonomy, so that the focus of data use seems to be more on accountability than on school development and instructional purposes. The results also reveal that the factors had a different influence for each data use purpose: high data use schools provided insight into promoting factors, while the low data user schools provided an understanding of hindering factors. Originality/value This study makes a scientific contribution by offering understanding of data use in a different context. Indonesia has become decentralized in most state functions, including education. Therefore, this study can be used as a guideline for future studies of data use in other developing countries context in supporting the decentralization of educational systems.

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