Assumptions and deeming

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse and provide a framework for considering assumptions. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a conceptual study. Findings – This paper provides both an analysis of assumptions and also a prescription for recognising and dealing with assumptions. Research limitations/implications – As the paper is a conceptual analysis, the research implications are not relevant. Practical implications – The analysis provided in this article should be of help to those working in financial crime and also have a wider application. Originality/value – Except where due acknowledgement is given, to the best of the author's knowledge, this paper is quite original.

scholarly journals “Happy slaves”? The adaptation problem and identity politics in the writings of Amartya Sen

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1178-1193
Author(s):  
Tony Burns
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Amartya Sen’s notion of adaptation and his views on identity politics by focussing on the issue of slavery and, more specifically, on the example of the happy or contented slave. Design/methodology/approach The paper is text based. The methodological approach adopted is that of conceptual analysis, as is typical for work of this kind. Findings The paper concludes that the example of the happy or contented slave is indeed a fruitful one for those interested in exploring the relationship between Sen’s views on “the adaptation problem” and his views on identity politics, especially in relation to the subjection of women. Here Sen’s debt to the ideas of Mary Wollstonecraft and John Stuart Mill is particularly important. Research limitations/implications One implication of the argument of the paper is that there is a need to consider more carefully the differences that exist between the views of Wollstonecraft and Mill, so far as the example of the happy or contented slave is concerned. Practical implications One practical implication of the paper is that, hopefully, it establishes the continued relevance of the ideas of thinkers such as Wollstonecraft and Mill today, not least because of the influence that they have had on theoreticians such as Amartya Sen. Social implications The paper addresses issues which are of considerable social and political significance, especially for women in underdeveloped societies today. Originality/value The example of the happy or contented slave has not received much discussion in the literature on Sen, although Sen himself has suggested that the distinction between happiness and contentment is an important one, which does merit further discussion.

Theory of advice as an information object targeted at an unmade decision

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-230
Author(s):  
Allen J. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Object ◽  
Advice Giving ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Scientific Fields

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance an understanding of the concept of advice and its relationship to documents, information and knowledge. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual analysis of a sample of 48 relevant advice studies and two books, directly informed by documentation and information theories, was conducted to find out how researchers have approached advice conceptually since 1940. Further gains in understanding advice came from analyzing its relationship with environmental uncertainty. Findings Researchers have studied advice in the context of human-human, machine-machine and information and communication technology-intermediated interactions. Advice has been conceptualized and categorized in many different ways. Over time, conceptualizations of advice have broadened and become more general. In this light, it is theorized that advice is as an information object targeted at an unmade decision. This conceptualization of advice permits situated and momentary advice documents. A newly developed content-based framework of advice leads to an advice typology with four content-based categories of best possible advice: correct answers, probabilities, possibilities, and acknowledgments of the unknown. Research limitations/implications The refined advice theory, content-based advice framework and related typology of advice contributed here are small steps toward improved clarity about the nature of advice. These findings are limited in their focus to advice theory and advice categorization. Practical implications Scholars, practitioners and information system developers may reconsider advice theory and make use of the content-based framework and related advice typology in their work. These contributions will help advice-givers and the developers of advice-giving information systems and advice networks to provide better advice. Originality/value This paper fills a need for a clear and straightforward overall conceptualization of advice that accounts for advice documents and is informed by how advice has been previously conceptualized in multiple scientific fields.

scholarly journals Re-examining the philosopher’s stone of leadership

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-663
Author(s):  
Fenwick W. English ◽  
Lisa Catherine Ehrich
Keyword(s):  
School Leadership ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Leadership Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the phenomenon of leadership at the intersection of aesthetics, identity and self within a dynamic, fluid and interactive compositional mixture which is part of a leader’s continuous process of invention and reinvention. Design/methodology/approach The methodology of this paper is a conceptual analysis and presentation involving some of the extant literature in the field of aesthetics, identity and leadership, including Harold Bloom’s theory of poetry that provides an entrance point to understand the problem of identity. The authors argue that a person, such as a leader, has multiple identities and interactions with others which lead to the co-construction of the self. To demonstrate this argument, the authors explore a case study of the life of the opera diva, Maria Callas. Findings An exploratory conceptual model demonstrating the relationship between identity and self, and insights and Bloom’s theory are applied to illuminate the case study of Maria Callas’ life. A key finding of the analysis is that identity is linked to performance and co-constructed in relation to others. Practical implications The paper concludes by discussing two implications for developing school leadership performance: the need for an aesthetic perspective of leadership and the need to provide a range of teaching approaches to teach leadership. Originality/value There have been few, if any, significant breakthroughs in understanding more about leadership from the traditional methods of social science. It is argued that until and unless researchers move towards working in aesthetic traditions there is not likely to be new understandings of it.

Customer dominant value formation in service

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Heinonen ◽  
Tore Strandvik ◽  
Päivi Voima
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Contextual Reality

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend current discussions of value creation and propose a customer dominant value perspective. The point of origin in a customer‐dominant marketing logic (C‐D logic) is the customer, rather than the service provider, interaction or the system. The focus is shifted from the company's service processes involving the customer, to the customer's multi‐contextual value formation, involving the company.Design/methodology/approachValue formation is contrasted to earlier views on the company's role in value creation in a conceptual analysis focusing on five central aspects. Implications of the proposed characteristics of value formation compared to earlier approaches are put forward.FindingsThe paper highlights earlier hidden aspects on the role of a service for the customer. It is proposed that value is not always an active process of creation; instead, value is embedded and formed in the highly dynamic and multi‐contextual reality and life of the customer. This leads to a need to look beyond the line of visibility focused on visible customer‐company interactions, to the invisible and mental life of the customer. From this follows a need to extend the temporal scope, from exchange and use even further to accumulated experiences in the customer's life and ecosystem.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is conceptual. It discusses and presents a customer‐dominant value perspective and suggests implications for empirical research and practice.Practical implicationsAwareness of the mechanism of the customer value formation process provides companies with new insight on the service strategy, service design and new service innovations.Originality/valueThe paper contributes by extending the value construct through a new customer dominant value perspective, recognizing value as multi‐contextual and dynamic based on customers' life and ecosystem. The findings mark out new avenues for future research.

Unearthing money laundering at Brazilian oil giant Petrobras

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-406
Author(s):  
Lucas Maragno ◽  
José Alonso Borba
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Financial Crimes ◽  
State Agents ◽  
Brazilian History ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Allowed State

Purpose This paper aims to provide an overview of key points pertaining to financial crimes taking place during the single largest fraud scandal in Brazilian history. The authors provide details on how the historic fraud was carried out at Petrobras, as well as an overview of recent anti-money laundering regulation in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on an analysis of the scandal and on legal ramifications enacted by the prevailing Public Ministry taking place through the “Lava Jato” operation. Findings Fraud perpetrators continue to find new ways to move laundered money into campaign finance. The authors provide details on how the scheme was perpetrated at the placement, layering and integration stages. Research limitations/implications This study comprehends the first stage of the Federal Police’s operation, comprising 14 allegations of financial crimes. Practical implications A disconnect between regulations in effect and the reality of money laundering in Brazil over several years has failed to impede numerous cases of fraud. However, changes in legislation have allowed state agents to discover cases of fraud, with more and more wrongdoings being investigated. Originality/value The Petrobras fraud, individual experiences of organized financial crime and a widespread lack of understanding of how to detect and prevent fraud on this scale.

scholarly journals Do your employees think your slogan is “fake news?” A framework for understanding the impact of fake company slogans on employees

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda W. Lee ◽  
David Hannah ◽  
Ian P. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internal Stakeholder ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This article explores how employees can perceive and be impacted by the fakeness of their company slogans. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual study draws on the established literature on company slogans, employee audiences, and fake news to create a framework through which to understand fake company slogans. Findings Employees attend to two important dimensions of slogans: whether they accurately reflect a company’s (1) values and (2) value proposition. These dimensions combine to form a typology of four ways in which employees can perceive their company’s slogans: namely, authentic, narcissistic, foreign, or corrupt. Research limitations/implications This paper outlines how the typology provides a theoretical basis for more refined empirical research on how company slogans influence a key stakeholder: their employees. Future research could test the arguments about how certain characteristics of slogans are more or less likely to cause employees to conclude that slogans are fake news. Those conclusions will, in turn, have implications for the morale and engagement of employees. The ideas herein can also enable a more comprehensive assessment of the impact of slogans. Practical implications Employees can view three types of slogans as fake news (narcissistic, foreign, and corrupt slogans). This paper identifies the implications of each type and explains how companies can go about developing authentic slogans. Originality/value This paper explores the impact of slogan fakeness on employees: an important audience that has been neglected by studies to date. Thus, the insights and implications specific to this internal stakeholder are novel.

scholarly journals Private police legitimacy: the case of internal investigations by fraud examiners

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private Policing ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the legitimacy of private policing of financial crime by fraud examiners. Design/methodology/approach The literature on fraud examiners is interpreted in the legitimacy context. Findings A number of critical issues based on the institutional theory and social psychology issues are discussed that question the legitimacy of private policing of financial crime. Research limitations/implications There is a need for regulation of the private fraud examination industry. Practical implications A number of legitimacy issues should be addressed by financial crime specialists. Social implications Victims of private investigations require regulation of the investigation industry. Originality/value Criteria for police legitimacy are applied to the private sector.

Gossip: a channel for the development of personal reputation

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zinko ◽  
Charles Tuchtan ◽  
James Hunt ◽  
James Meurs ◽  
Christopher Furner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrate Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically test the extent to which gossip plays a role in individual reputation development in the context of contemporary organizations. This study answers the continuous calls to integrate theory across fields by exploring the theoretical links between these two constructs. Design/methodology/approach This study provides a conceptual analysis and general review of the literature on gossip and reputation. The relationship between these two constructs is investigated through a two-study package (lab and field) yielding convergent results. Findings The findings of this study are that gossip contributes to organizational identity in that it reinforces the social norms of groups and that gossip serves as an important enabler of reputational development. This study provides empirical evidence that gossip serves a more significant role in the development of personal reputation than more formal methods of communication. Practical implications As organizations and individuals attempt to develop and capitalize on the effects of individuals’ reputations, this study provides practical insights into the knowledge that needs to be built regarding the method by which this development can occur. This study points to the practical value of gossip in the creation of personal reputation. Originality/value The theoretical framework in this study highlights the centrality of gossip as a primary enabler of reputation development in contemporary organizations. Reputation theory is advanced by studying a segment of the construct that has, until now, been excluded from consideration in this field.

Concepts and effects: ordering and practice in foresight

foresight ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Bussey
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Resilience ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This article seeks to reflect on the role of key concepts in foresight and futures work. The goal is to explore a set of concepts and link them to the effects they have in the world of foresight practice. It is argued that concepts order foresight practice and that though each foresight context and practitioner is unique, concepts bring a sense of order and coherence to foresight work and futures thinking. This reflection is placed in the context of a set of first principles the author acknowledges as his starting place for futures thinking and foresight practice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of conceptual analysis. Findings – Concepts have effects and these can be assessed based on their ability to increase social and personal resilience in contexts characterised by change, complexity and uncertainty. Research limitations/implications – Foresight practitioners clarify their own values and ethics through reflection on the concepts they use and the processes they deploy when working with clients. Practical implications – More reflective foresight practice; greater conceptual clarity when reflecting on and communicating/teaching foresight and futures thinking. Originality/value – This paper offers a basis for orienting foresight work towards the broader social goal of resilience through a deepened appreciation of how concepts inform process and structure meaning.

Resilience as an entrepreneurial capability: integrating insights from a cross-disciplinary comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1155-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Charles Manfield ◽  
Lance Richard Newey
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Sampling ◽  
Organization Science ◽  
Resource Slack ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Resilience Capabilities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine competing assumptions about the nature of resilience and selects those most appropriate for an entrepreneurial context. Assumptions are integrated into a theoretical framework highlighting how different threats require different resilience responses. Overall organizational resilience results from a portfolio of resilience capabilities. Design/methodology/approach Akin to theoretical sampling, the authors identify various theoretical insights about resilience across three disciplines of psychology, ecology and engineering. The authors use these insights to distill competing assumptions about what resilience is and evaluate those most appropriate for entrepreneurial contexts. Existing resilience literature in organization science is critiqued in terms of underlying assumptions and an alternative theoretical framework proposed based on more robust assumptions. Findings Other disciplines point to resilience being a process that differs for different threats and as either bouncing back, absorbing shocks or bouncing forward. When imported into entrepreneurship these characteristics lead to a conceptualization of resilience as being enacted through a capability portfolio. A routine-based capability response is preferred when threats are familiar, simple, not severe and frequent, following minimal disorganization and where resource slack is available. In contrast, heuristics-based capabilities are preferred when threats are unfamiliar, complex, severe and infrequent, following serious disorganization and where resource slack is unavailable. An absorption threshold point identifies when organizations need to switch from routine-based to heuristics-based resilience capabilities. Practical implications Building resilience across a range of adverse situations requires firms to develop a portfolio of resilience capabilities. Firms must learn to match the capability required for the specific threat profile faced. This includes a mix of routinized responses for returning to stability but also more flexible, heuristics-based responses for strategic reconfiguration. Originality/value The paper undertakes a first of its kind cross-disciplinary conceptual analysis at the level of identifying competing assumptions about the nature of resilience. These assumptions are found to be somewhat unconscious among organization researchers, limiting the conceptual development of resilience in entrepreneurship. The authors contribute a theoretical framework based on explicit and robust assumptions, enabling the field to advance conceptually.

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