Towards an early history (1955-1975) of marketing research in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-354
Author(s):  
Ravi Parameswaran ◽  
Krishna Parameswaran
Keyword(s):  
Market Research ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Early History ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Random Manner ◽  
Key Terms

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to attempt to trace the origins and early history of the development of the market research practice in India. It covers the period 1955-1975. Design/methodology/approach A search of key terms in databases such as Google Scholar and ABI-INFORM indicated there was limited data in the public domain on the subject and that the information gleaned was not adequate to trace the birth of the market research practice in India. As there was very little recorded history, the researchers decided to initiate a recording of the history using the available literature, on the reminiscences of the authors and, to a limited extent, contemporaries of the pioneers in the field. Findings The origins of market research in India can be traced to its supporting role in gauging the efficacy of advertising. Examination of the history of advertising leads to the conclusion that marketing research arrived in India in the decade of the 1950s, initiated by Burmah-Shell’s needs for market research. S. H. Benson (London) Ltd was selected to undertake the pioneering market research that led to the birth of Indian Market Research Service, headed by Krishnaier Parameswaran. Marketing research in India presented numerous challenges (that were overcome) because the operating environment was very different than in advanced countries. Research limitations/implications Because of the paucity of information in the literature, this investigation as per the authors’ knowledge represents the first attempt to record the birth and early history of marketing research in India. The recording of history is limited by the fact that many of the early pioneers and collaborators are no longer alive and because of the difficulty in retrieving archival mostly proprietary information. Originality/value In determining the future of a practice, it is important to know the history of the practice. It helps determine whether history proceeds in a random manner or whether it proceeds following some discernable patterns. In an area that has been ahistorical, this research identifies the origins of the practice. It is hoped that other researchers build upon this construction of the early history of marketing research in India based on their experiences and knowledge of the pioneering companies and practitioners and using sound historiographical tenets.

The Gospel as Manuscript

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Keith
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Early History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
Material History

This book offers a new material history of the Jesus tradition. It shows that the introduction of manuscripts to the transmission of the Jesus tradition played an underappreciated but crucial role in the reception history of the tradition that eventuated. It focuses particularly on the competitive textualization of the Jesus tradition, whereby Gospel authors drew attention to the written nature of their tradition, sometimes in attempts to assert superiority to predecessors, and the public reading of the Jesus tradition. Both these processes reveal efforts on the part of early followers of Jesus to place the gospel-as-manuscript on display, whether in the literary tradition or in the assembly. Building upon interdisciplinary work on ancient book cultures, this book traces an early history of the gospel as artifact from the textualization of Mark in the first century until the eventual usage of liturgical reading as a marker of authoritative status in the second and third centuries and beyond. Overall, it reveals a vibrant period of the development of the Jesus tradition, wherein the material status of the tradition frequently played as important a role as the ideas about Jesus that it contained.

scholarly journals Art. XIV.—Notes on the Early History of Northern India. Part VI On the Historical Value, Origin, and Growth of Early Methods of Record anterior to Alphabets, including Ideographic Signs, Sacred Numbers, and Myths

1890 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-758
Author(s):  
J. F. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Northern India ◽  
History Of ◽  
Combined Work

As botanists and zoologists trace the successive stages of existence traversed by living plants and animals through species and genera to families, so the historian of human progress finds himself obliged to extend his generalizations through tribes and nations to races. Research proves that it is these larger units who, through the combined work of the several component parts of the race, are the authors of the underlying ideas which are acted out in its achievements. It also seems to show that there are two races who have most materially aided in the development of civilization— one, quiet, silent, hard-working and practical, whose members have always looked on the public benefit of the tribe or nation to which they belonged as their best incentive to action: the other, impulsive, sensitive, generous, and eloquent, who have looked on personal glory and the aggrandizement of their families and personal adherents as the object of their ambition.

The epistemic project of open diplomacy and the League of Nations: Co-evolution between diplomacy, PR and journalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-621
Author(s):  
Arne Lorenz Gellrich ◽  
Erik Koenen ◽  
Stefanie Averbeck-Lietz
Keyword(s):  
League Of Nations ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Communication History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Collective Biography ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Method Approach

PurposeThe article discusses findings from a research project on the communication history of the League of Nations. It departs from the League's normative goal of “open diplomacy”, which, from an analytical standpoint, can be framed as an “epistemic project” in the sense of a non-linear and ambivalent negotiation by communication of what “open diplomacy” should and could be. The notion of the “epistemic project” serves as an analytical concept to understand this negotiation of open diplomacy across co-evolving actors' constellations from journalism, PR and diplomacy.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a mixed-method approach, including hermeneutic document analysis of UN archival sources and collective biography/prosopography of 799 individual journalists and information officers.FindingsIt finds that the League's conceptualisations of the public sphere and open diplomacy were fluent and ambivalent. They developed in the interplay of diverse actors' collectives in Geneva. The involved roles of information officers, journalists and diplomats were permeable, heterogenous and – not least from a normative perspective – conflictive.Originality/valueThe subject remains under-researched, especially from the perspective of communication studies. The study is the first to approach it with the described research framework.

Early history of neurosurgery in Manitoba: threads in the tapestry of world neurosurgery

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
Early History ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of Neurosurgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The author describes the history of neurosurgery in Manitoba, with particular emphasis on events that occurred after his arrival there in 1950. Highlights of global neurosurgery are spliced into the author's reminiscences to anchor the local history with that of neurosurgery as a whole.

“Anjaneya” health drink: re-positioning dilemma

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Aasha Jayant Sharma ◽  
Vandana Prashant Sonwaney
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Research Techniques ◽  
Mental Mapping

Learning outcomes The students will get a hands on research techniques like mental mapping, laddering and means end chain (MEC) model for value proposition and survey techniques. Case overview/synopsis Market Research has always acted as one of the major driving force behind the successful launch of any product in any market. There are several evidences of how market research and thorough understanding of the consumers in and out has lead companies reach new peaks and acquire market share. This case deals with a company called Eco-Remedies, based in Nashik, India, which is in the business of providing eco-solutions to different health ailments and also general purpose health supplements like health drinks. The major concentration is on the product called “AnjaNeya-The Graviola fruit drink” from Eco-Remedies, where in different research techniques were used to gather information so that appropriate strategies could be implemented in order to increase the market share of the product and create a strong position in the minds of the customers. The case deals with gathering consumer insights and then developing appropriate positioning strategies for Eco remedies based on consumer value proposition using the MEC theory, mental mapping, blind tests and general consumer survey. Complexity academic level The study is applicable to Masters level Marketing Management and Marketing Research Studies. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Subject Code Marketing.

The Nature and Origins of Patent Rights

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Grubb ◽  
Peter R. Thomsen ◽  
Tom Hoxie ◽  
Gordon Wright
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Elizabeth I ◽  
The Public ◽  
Queen Elizabeth I ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Limited Duration ◽  
Modern Sense

This chapter begins by setting out the definition of a patent, covering issues such as exclusionary right, property right, and limited duration. It then traces the early history of patents in England. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, monopolies in commodities such as salt, coal, playing cards, and many others were frequently granted by letters patent either to raise revenue, or to reward royal favourites at the public expense. The first English patent granted to an inventor in the modern sense of the word appears to have been that to Giacopo Acontio in 1565 for a new type of furnace. The remainder of the chapter discusses the early histories of patents in Continental Europe (Venice, Germany, France, and the Netherlands) and North America.

Policy Feedback Takes Hold

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
Leah Cardamore Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early History ◽  
Renewable Portfolio Standard ◽  
Policy Feedback ◽  
The Public ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clean Energy Policy

Chapter 4 examines one of the earliest renewable energy laws in the United States: Texas’s renewable portfolio standard, enacted under then-governor George W. Bush in 1999. This chapter provides the early history of clean energy leadership in Texas, when wind energy grew rapidly. Relying on original archival research and primary interviews, it explains why Texas acted on clean energy before California and other more progressive states. It shows how savvy advocates used public opinion to drive policy change during windows of opportunity. More broadly, this case reveals a classic positive feedback dynamic: a growing wind energy sector increased its influence over the legislature and successfully expanded clean energy policy. Here, advocates relied on the fog of enactment to get a clean energy target and an ambitious infrastructure spending bill passed in the legislature. They also worked through the public to convince legislators that clean energy leadership was important for Texans.

Stereotaxic apparatus and operations in Russia in the 19th century

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward I. Kandel ◽  
Yuri V. Schavinsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Early History ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stereotaxic Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors trace the early history of human stereotaxic apparatus and its use with particular reference to the work of D. N. Zernov in 1889, N. V. Altuchov in 1891, and G. I. Rossolimo in 1907, as well as the better known apparatus described by Horsley and Clarke in 1906.

scholarly journals On the Treatment of the Insane sixty years ago as illustrated by the Earlier Records of the Dundee Royal Asylum

1887 ◽  
Vol 33 (141) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Rorie
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Public Mind ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychological Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Present Meeting

Having been invited by our indefatigable Secretary to give a contribution to the present meeting, and having been recently engaged in looking over the earlier records of the Old Asylum of Dundee, it occurred to me that a few remarks on the early history of this institution and the means then in use in the treatment of the patients might not prove uninteresting, as the Asylum was erected at a very important period in the history of psychological medicine, namely, that period when it had dawned on the public mind that harshness and chains were not the proper remedies for the insane, but that much might be done in the treatment of this affliction by kindness, gentleness, and especially by healthy occupation.

The technology foresight system of the Russian Federation: a systemic view

foresight ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya F. Kuzminov ◽  
Thomas Thurner ◽  
Alexander Chulok
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Technology Foresight ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Do So ◽  
Systemic View

Purpose This paper aims to describe and discuss the architecture of Russia’s Technology Foresight System (TFS). This paper introduces the reader to the integration of the TFS into the public administration system and, specifically, into the national strategic planning system. Design/methodology/approach To do so, the authors fall back on more than 10 years of experience in performing foresight exercises for Russian policy makers of their institution. Findings Thereby, the paper highlights the implications arising from the interaction between sectoral and national components of TFS and on application of the results of foresight studies (implemented within the framework of TFS) for the strategic planning. Originality/value Russia has a long history of technological planning and forecasting and engages regularly in extensive foresight activities of both national and sectoral relevance. Also, Russia’s leadership repeatedly stresses the importance of such foresight activities which are outlined by a national law since 2014.

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