The effect of parent university on firm growth: an analysis of the Spanish and Italian USOs

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Corsi ◽  
Antonio Prencipe ◽  
María Jesús Rodríguez-Gulías ◽  
Sara Fernández-López ◽  
David Rodeiro-Pazos
Keyword(s):  
Firm Growth ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Parent University ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The University ◽  
Interactionist Approach ◽  
Cross National

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that the university context may partially determine the growth of university spin-offs (USOs), with a cross-national analysis and using an “interactionist” approach. Design/methodology/approach Two samples of USOs, from Spain and Italy (531 and 952 firms, respectively), were examined over the 2005-2013 period. Multilevel modelling was applied to empirically test the hypotheses. Findings The results confirmed that the university context is a critical and effective element for explaining USOs’ growth. The university context affected USOs’ growth only for the Spanish firms, while for the Italian spin-offs the evidence does not report a significant determining influence of the university context. This finding may be interpreted as the localization externalities, determined by the Spanish universities, have a more effective impact at firm level compared with those generated by the Italian universities. Research limitations/implications The paper provides evidence that the university context has a significant role in supporting USOs’ growth in Spain, but not in Italy. This finding, together with the fact that the Italian USOs showed lower growth rates over the period of analysis, may suggest that greater involvement by the Italian parent universities is needed to foster USOs’ growth. The main point to be underlined to decision makers is that policies aimed at fostering USOs need the active involvement of the parent university in the whole growth process of the nascent firm, rather than just in the USO creation process. Originality/value A multilevel approach provides both methodological and theoretical contributions to the study of USOs’ growth, which was adopted as an “interactionist” approach is recommended by literature. In addition, a cross-national approach allows for exploration of the actual effect of the university on the growth of USOs, taking into account international differences.

Policy and institutions facilitating entrepreneurial spin-offs: USA, Asia and Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Caiazza ◽  
David Audretsch ◽  
Tiziana Volpe ◽  
Julie Debra Singer
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

Purpose – Existing work documents the role that institutional setting plays in the process of spin-off creation. However, despite decades of studies, scholars have not clearly explained why some regions are more involved in spin-off activity than others. Drawing from institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to compare different institutional settings identifying factors affecting the general environment capability to support spin-off activity of a specific region. Design/methodology/approach – The authors utilize a cross-national analysis of American, Asian, and European areas identifying factors affecting their different rate of spin-off activity. This study contributes to the policy debate concerning entrepreneurship and how best to spur spin-off activities. Findings – In this paper, the authors identify the general and specific factors that explain the cross-national diversity in spin-off creation. The authors then perform an analysis of the impact of these factors in various regions of the USA, Asia, and Europe, providing evidence for the necessity of specific combinations of these factors. Originality/value – The paper offers a new perspective on the causes of spin-offs through a cross-national analysis of many areas around the world.

Articulated dissent and immediacy: a cross-national analysis of the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Michael Croucher ◽  
Stephanie Kelly ◽  
Chen Hui ◽  
Kenneth J. Rocker ◽  
Joanna Cullinane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Usa ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

Purpose In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aims to explore how working remotely might impact the superior–subordinate relationship. Specifically, this study examines how immediacy explains articulated dissent, considers how an individual’s attitudes toward online communication predicts immediacy and articulated dissent and compares these relationships in England, Australia and the USA. Design/methodology/approach Three nations were examined: Australia, England and the USA (n = 1,776). Surveys included demographic questions and the following measures: organizational dissent scale, perceived immediacy measure, computer-mediated immediate behaviors measure and measure of online communication attitude. Findings The results reveal supervisors’ computer-mediated immediate behaviors and perceived immediacy both positively predict dissent. Some aspects of online communication attitudes positively predict computer-mediated immediate behaviors and perceived immediacy. In addition, attitudes toward online communication positively predict dissent. National culture influences some of these relationships; in each case the effects were substantively larger for the USA when compared to the other nations. Originality/value This study is the first to cross-culturally analyze dissent and immediacy. In addition, this study considers the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic influences the superior–subordinate relationship.

A cross-national analysis of PhD models

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Yasmine Dominguez-Whitehead ◽  
Felix Maringe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Supervision Models ◽  
Phd Supervision ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

PurposeThis paper provides a cross-national analysis of PhD supervision models, milestones and examination procedures in order to compare PhD programs and their practices.Design/methodology/approachA comparative approach is employed, which systematically interrogates PhD supervision models, milestones and examination procedures in the United Kingdom, South Africa and the United States via a comprehensive review of the practices and literature.FindingsThe findings indicate the ramifications of the different approaches and highlight the benefits and drawbacks associated with the different models.Originality/valueBy making explicit the dominant supervision models, milestones and examination procedures that exist in the United Kingdom, South Africa and the United States, the authors shed light on the somewhat obscure path to earning a PhD degree.

Sustainable consumption and growth: Examining complementary perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjula S. Salimath ◽  
Vallari Chandna
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Voluntary Simplicity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Multiple Levels

Purpose By drawing attention to the finite rather than unlimited nature of physical resources, the purpose of this paper is to: examine the implications of the (near absolute) emphasis placed on firm growth on sustainable consumption; and discuss complementary perspectives spanning individual, firm and societal levels that allow for both firm growth and sustainable consumption. Design/methodology/approach The authors integrate multidisciplinary insights from marketing, sociology, environmental sciences, management and economics, to understand the inherent tensions between unchecked firm growth, consumption and sustainability. Five propositions link production, consumption and marketing from a resource standpoint. Findings A ceaseless economic growth paradigm and overconsumption causes an unwarranted depletion of resources and is at odds with sustainability. Firms can play an important role by guiding future marketing and production toward sustainable ends. Several alternate perspectives support the case that growth may coexist and align with sustainable consumption. Consequently the authors consolidate and reflect on seven approaches (voluntary simplicity, humane consumption, CSR 2.0, social marketing, marketing 3.0, anti-positional economy and degrowth) that hold promise for achieving sustainability via responsible growth and consumption. Originality/value The authors consider the complex triad of growth, consumption and sustainability that spans multiple levels. A focus on the pattern and nature of growth and consumption helps to identify its effects on sustainability. Specifically, two value chain activities – production and marketing may be leveraged as firm level initiatives to achieve sustainable goals. In addition, the authors present seven heterogeneous perspectives that complement firm attempts to achieve growth with sustainable consumption. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals “Fine...I’ll do it myself”: Lessons from self-employment grants in a long recession period

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stjepan Srhoj ◽  
Ivan Zilic
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Grant Scheme

Abstract This paper evaluates the effect of a self-employment grant scheme for unemployed individuals—designed to ease the first 12 months of business operation—on firm growth, survival, and labor market reintegration in Croatia in the 2010–2017 period. Grants offered a moderate amount of finances (up to 50% of average annual gross salary) and absorbed only 5% of funds allocated to active labor market policies (ALMPs), but accounted for 10% of new firms opened throughout the years. We contribute to the literature on self-employment grants with several novel findings. Exploiting the longitudinal structure of the unemployment episodes dataset, we find that individuals who finish their spell with a grant have a significantly lower probability of returning to unemployment. The policy is particularly effective for individuals who would have otherwise had labor market opportunities (men, more educated, prime-age workers, previously employed), individuals who became unemployed after inactivity and lost their job due to a firm's closure—which demonstrates that self-employment subsidies can be effective in ameliorating unemployment. However, the policy was not effective for longer unemployed individuals. At the firm level, we find descriptive evidence that limited liability firms opened via a grant have lower growth potential and worse survival profile, while unlimited liability firms—even though a sizable portion of them closes after a required 12-month grant period—have a more favorable survival profile. Finally, we also find that the effectiveness of these grants has increased throughout the years, indicating toward the direction of institutional learning.

Mapping the impact of Asian business systems on HRM and organisational behaviour: multi-level comparative perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Pereira ◽  
Ashish Malik ◽  
Fabian Jintae Froese
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organisational Behaviour ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Cross National

Purpose This paper aims to explore the importance of the role of national business systems (NBS) in shaping human resource management (HRM) and organisational behaviour (OB) practices in the context of Asian countries. To this end, this paper presents a comparative overview of different NBS in selected Asian countries and how these variously impact HRM and OB at two levels and contexts, i.e. within and cross-national. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a topical review of the literature to unravel the complexity and challenges associated with studying this rich and complex area. Findings The findings suggest there is significant complexity in studying the impact of NBS on HRM and OB at a holistic and multi-level unit of analysis. The multiplicity of factors and levels of analysis, even at a level of within country analysis, highlights the sophisticated, in-depth and detailed nature of scholarship needed to unbundle and get a fuller understanding of this topic. Research limitations/implications Although recent research presents a within and cross-national analysis of NBS and its impact on HRM and OB practices from diverse Asian countries such as India, Japan, Indonesia and Malaysia, recent research offers only a focused analysis of few targeted HRM and OB practices, rather than a collective or a bundle of HRM practices. Practical implications The contributions point to several practical implications for HR managers as well as managers from other fields, covering several national and cross-national comparisons. Originality/value This paper offers a substantial contribution in the understanding of how various HRM and OB practices are embedded in a nation’s business system and through a variety of historical and cultural influences.

Productivity, ownership and firm growth: evidence from Indian banks

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saibal Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Passive Learning ◽  
Bank Ownership ◽  
Panel Data Econometrics ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The relation between size and growth in banking firms in emerging economies has not been adequately addressed in the literature. By employing data for 1992-2014, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between growth and productivity and how it interacts with ownership. Design/methodology/approach The longitudinal nature of the data suggests that the appropriate technique for the analysis is panel data econometrics. Accordingly, consistent with prior research, the author employs a fixed effects model. Besides accounting for firm-level observables, the author controls the economic environment and bank ownership by employing real GDP growth and ownership dummies. Findings The evidence appears to suggest that growth improves through both active and passive learning, the magnitude of the former far outweighing that of the latter. These results are remarkably robust: both baseline regressions and sensitivity tests point to similar conclusions. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, the paper makes two original contributions. First and more broadly, it tests the relationship between growth and productivity for banks in a leading emerging economy. Second, it distinguishes between two kinds of learning – active and passive – and explores which of them are more relevant for growth.

Human resource executives and post-IPO firm growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1401-1418
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Belsito ◽  
Christopher R. Reutzel ◽  
Jamie D. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Firms ◽  
Test Study

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between human resource (HR) executive representation in top management and the growth of newly public firms. It draws upon research on strategic leadership, strategic HR management and Penrose’s theory of firm growth to consider the role of HRs executives in addressing demands placed upon top managers in the pursuit of firm growth. This study attempts to extend the focus of research on the influence of HR executives on organizational outcomes Design/methodology/approach In order to test study hypotheses, this study analyses data from a sample of US newly public firms that underwent initial public offerings (IPO) during the 2007 calendar year. Study data were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression in order to test study hypotheses. Findings This study provides general support for study hypotheses. First, HR executive presence in top management was found to be positively related to post-IPO firm growth. Second, upper echelon size and the number of firm employees were found to weaken the positive effect of HR executive presence in top management on post-IPO firm growth. Research limitations/implications As a consequence of study design, the results found in this study may be limited with respect to their external validity. Therefore, researchers and practitioners are encouraged to use caution before generalizing study findings to other contexts. Practical implications This study provides implications for top management team staffing and the pursuit of firm growth. Newly public firms appear to benefit in terms of firm growth by including HR executives in top management. The benefits of doing so appear to be reduced for newly public firms as the size of their upper echelons and number of employees increase. Originality/value This study extends research on the firm level consequences of HR executive presence in top management as well as research on factors which influence firm growth.

Directors’ role in inter-organizational networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Caiazza ◽  
Michele Simoni
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Organizational Networks ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Interlocking Directorates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate if existing theories really explain interlocking directorates in several countries. Literature on interlocking directorates is huge and fragmented. Articles in the principal management and sociological journals easily number in the hundred. However, the question that still remains is if interlocking directorates are firm’s strategic choices or derivate phenomenon whose explanation comes from other drivers underestimated in literature. Design/methodology/approach – At the aim to fill literature gap, the authors realize a longitudinal and cross-national analysis of existing studies on interlocking directorates. Findings – The authors investigate if existing literature really explains interlocking directorates. Then, the authors offer new perspective for future researches. Originality/value – The paper offers new perspectives on interlocking directorates’ explanations.

Cross-national structure of economic competence: Insights from a German and Russian assessment

2022 ◽  
pp. 174549992110612
Author(s):  
Denis Federiakin ◽  
Olga Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia ◽  
Elena Kardanova ◽  
Carla Kühling-Thees ◽  
Jasmin Reichert-Schlax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Education Economics ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Higher Education Economics ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The University ◽  
Student Competencies ◽  
Economic Competence ◽  
Cross National

In this paper, we present a study, which models and measures the competencies of higher education students in business and economics—within and across countries. To measure student competencies in a valid and reliable way, the Test of Understanding in College Economics was used, which assesses microeconomic and macroeconomic competencies. The test was translated into several languages and adapted for different university contexts. In the presented study, the test contents were also compared with regard to the educational standards and the university curricula in Russia and Germany. Our findings from the cross-national analysis suggest one strong general factor of economic competence, which encompasses micro- and macroeconomic dimensions. This points to a stronger interconnection between learning and understanding economic contents than previous research suggests and indicates far-reaching curricular and instructional consequences for higher education economics as well as needs for further research, which are discussed in this paper.

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