Composite actors as participant protection: methodological opportunities for ethnographers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer MJ Yim ◽  
Peregrine Schwartz-Shea
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Ethnographic Narratives

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to persuade ethnographers to consider using composites for studies in which protecting participants from identification is especially important. It situates the argument in the context of the transparency and data sharing movements' uneven influence across disciplines.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews problems in maintaining confidentiality of research participants using pseudonyms and masking. It analyzes existing literature on composites, conditions of composite use and identifies composite actors as a form useful to place-based ethnography. Methodological aspects of composite actor construction are discussed along with potential opportunities composites offer.FindingsConstruction of composite actors is best accomplished by aggregating thematically during deskwork. Composites provide enhanced confidentiality by creating plausible doubt in the reader's mind, in part, through the presentation of aggregate rather than individual-level data.Originality/valueThis discussion advances the methodology of constructing composites, particularly composite actors, providing guidance to increase trustworthiness of ethnographic narratives that employ composites.

scholarly journals Improving pharmacy store performance: the merits of over-the-counter drugs

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 1276-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Edo Wieringa ◽  
Katrin Christiane Reber ◽  
Peter Leeflang
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Retail Pharmacy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Otc Drugs ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Store Performance ◽  
Customer Survey

Purpose – This study aims to increase understanding of the factors that affect retail pharmacy performance. This paper investigates how various product-, store-, customer- and competitor characteristics affect over-the-counter (OTC) drug sales and thus store performance. Design/methodology/approach – This paper specifies and estimates a hierarchical model comprising scanner-based information, as well as individual-level data from a customer survey. Findings – Results indicate that the drivers of retail pharmacy performance in OTC categories are different from those identified in traditional retailing research. Originality/value – This is the first study that determines which factors impact the sales of OTC drugs in pharmacies.

Antecedents of growth-oriented entrepreneurship before and during the Greek economic crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Giotopoulos ◽  
Alexandra Kontolaimou ◽  
Aggelos Tsakanikas
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore potential drivers of high-growth intentions of early-stage entrepreneurs in Greece before and after the onset of the financial crisis of 2008. Design/methodology/approach To this end, the authors use individual-level data retrieved from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor annual surveys (2003-2015). Findings The results show that high-growth intentions of Greek entrepreneurs are driven by different factors in the crisis compared to the non-crisis period. Male entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs with significant work experience seem to be more likely to be engaged in growth-oriented new ventures during the crisis period. The same appears to hold for entrepreneurs who are motivated by an opportunity and also perceive future business opportunities in adverse economic conditions. On the other hand, the educational level and the social contacts of founders with other entrepreneurs are found to drive ambitious Greek entrepreneurship in the years before the crisis, while they were insignificant after the crisis outbreak. Originality/value Based on the concept of ambitious entrepreneurship, this study contributes to the literature by investigating the determinants of entrepreneurial high-growth expectations in the Greek context emphasizing the crisis period in comparison to the pre-crisis years.

Want to reduce the bullwhip? Measure it. Here’s how

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Jin ◽  
Nicole DeHoratius ◽  
Glen Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Small Perturbation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Bullwhip Effect ◽  
End Users ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Beer Game ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The popular “beer game” illustrates the bullwhip effect where a small perturbation in downstream demand can create wild swings in upstream product flows. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodical framework to measure the bullwhip effect and evaluate its impact. Design/methodology/approach This paper illustrates a framework using SKU-level data from an industry-leading manufacturer, its distributors, end-users and suppliers. Findings Firms benefit from tracking multiple intra-firm bullwhips and from tracking bullwhips pertinent to specific products, specific suppliers and specific customers. The framework presented in this paper enables managers to pinpoint bullwhip sources and mitigate bullwhip effects. Research limitations/implications This paper presents a framework for methodically measuring and tracking intra-firm and inter-firm bullwhips. Practical implications A disconnect exists between what is known and taught regarding the bullwhip effect and how it is actually tracked and managed in practice. This paper aims to reduce this gap. For the various products analyzed herein, the authors show how using this framework has the potential to reduce delivered product cost by 2 to 15 per cent. Social implications Properly managing the bullwhip leads to lower inventories and potentially lower product prices while simultaneously increasing firm profits. Originality/value This paper presents a novel approach to systematically tracking intra-firm bullwhips along with bullwhips specific to a given supplier or customer.

scholarly journals Externalities of home-ownership on entrepreneurship: empirical evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani-Petri Laamanen
Keyword(s):  
Home Ownership ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Rental Housing Market

PurposeThis study aims to examine the externalities from regional home-ownership to individual-level entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThe paper links individual-level data from the Finnish Income Distribution Statistics for years 1990-1992 to regional home-ownership proportions. Probit models of entrepreneurship with regional home-ownership and appropriate control variables as regressors are estimated. A rental housing market deregulation experiment which caused exogenous variation in regions’ home-ownership is exploited to identify the causal effects on entrepreneurship.FindingsResults show that higher home-ownership in a region leads to greater entrepreneurship. Further analyses together with the fact that homeownership tends to have detrimental labour market effects suggest that homeownership encourages entrepreneurship by leading to less paid work opportunities. These results are in line with those of earlier literature that self-employment and entrepreneurship, especially during bad economic times, are partly motivated by bad employment opportunities.Originality/valueThis study presents novel results on the externalities that home-ownership has on entrepreneurship. These externalities are shown to be important enough that they need to be considered when assessing the economic effects of various policies that affect the prevalence of owner-occupied housing. The instrumental variables’ estimates are the first causal estimates in the literature and the bias resulting from assuming exogeneity is shown to be nonnegligible.

“Data stickiness” in interagency government data sharing: a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Zhou ◽  
Longqi Chen ◽  
Yingying Han
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Central China ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Government Data ◽  
The Government

PurposeThe provision of high-quality e-Government services requires efficient and collaborative sharing of data across varied types of government agencies. However, interagency government data sharing (IDS) is not always spontaneous, active and unconditional. Adopting a stickiness theory, this paper reports on a research study, which explores the causes of data stickiness in IDS.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed an inductive case study approach. Twenty-three officials from the government of City M in Hubei Province, Central China, were approached and interviewed using a semi-structured question script.FindingsThe analysis of the interview data pointed to 27 causes of data stickiness in five main themes: data sharing willingness; data sharing ability; data articulatability; data residence; and data absorptive capacity. The analysis revealed that interagency tensions and lack of preparedness of individual agencies are the main causes of data stickiness in IDS.Originality/valueThe case setting is based on China's Government, but the findings offer useful insights and indications that can be shared across international borders.

Shaping employee green behavior: a multilevel approach with Pygmalion effect

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziying Mo ◽  
Matthew Tingchi Liu ◽  
Peiguan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multilevel Theory ◽  
Green Behavior ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to theorize and examine a Pygmalion perspective in how leader and coworker expectations predict in-role and ex-role employee green behavior (EGB).Design/methodology/approachUsing a time-lagged field study, data were collected from a sample of 71 leaders and 340 members to examine the hypothesized relationships with a multilevel model (group level and individual level).FindingsThe results showed that leader green behavior and self-efficacy for EGB (i.e. the Pygmalion process) mediate the relationship between leader expectations and EGB, while self-efficacy mediates the relationship between coworker expectations and EGB. In addition, this study found that the effect of coworker expectations and EGB via self-efficacy is stronger when leaders themselves demonstrate a higher level of green behavior.Originality/valueThis study also aims to provide a multilevel theory and investigates the interplay between multilevel variables in encouraging EGB. It also extends previous EGB literature through investigating a different process (i.e. the Pygmalion process) relating leader expectations for EGB to EGB. Moreover, this study develops implications of Pygmalion process on EGB from theoretical and practical perspectives.

Organizational culture now and going forward

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-668
Author(s):  
Pyounggu Baek ◽  
Jihyun Chang ◽  
Taesung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
North America ◽  
Change Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modern Perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the fundamental premises (i.e. perspectives on organizations and intrinsic research contributions) embodied in the literature on organizational culture and offer insights into where organizational culture research should be headed now and going forward. Design/methodology/approach This research provides an integrative review of organizational culture research and investigates commonalities and differences in terms of the fundamental premises between North America and Europe. Findings The findings include that the modern perspective was most pervasive (87 percent) in both regions, with Europe slightly more open to varied perspectives such as symbolic and postmodern ones; approximately 70 percent of the studies were geared toward organization-level contributions, less than 10 percent toward individual-level contributions, and less than 20 percent toward mega-level contributions as the underlying research intent; and (c) in terms of the perspective-contribution combination, the pair of modern perspective and organization-level contribution was most dominant in both regions, while the individual-level contribution was paired with no other perspectives than the modern one. Research limitations/implications This research suggests that the research community shape a whole new discourse on organizational culture and recommends several promising research avenues. Originality/value By engaging in fundamental discussions on how an organization has been perceived and what purpose it has meant to deliver, this research offers an overarching view of where we stand currently and possibly where we should be heading in terms of organizational change management.

scholarly journals Relationships between two kinds of MSP in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Honghao Tang ◽  
Qi Yue ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Lingling Zhou ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe major marine functional zoning plan (MMFZP) and marine functional zoning (MFZ) are two important kinds of marine spatial planning (MSP) in China. Their developing and implementation are integral to rational marine utilization and sustainable marine development. The purpose of this research is to study how these two kinds of MSP work in coordination in China.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviewed the present status of MSP research in China and abroad and presented a comparative study of the MMFZP and MFZ from different aspects, analyzing the relationship between the two.FindingsThe study found obvious differences between the MMFZP and MFZ, with respect to their concept and connotation, purpose and goal, as well as zoning methods and zoning functions. MFZ provides reference with respect to data, zoning methods and partial zoning results for the MMFZP, which in turn takes measures for addressing issues faced by MFZ and promotes the national MSP work.Originality/valueIn the process of developing and implementing the two zoning plans, this paper emphasizes the necessity to strengthen data sharing, reference of zoning techniques and coordination in zoning work, which will help to improve China's marine spatial management.

Establishing an ISO 10001-based promise in inpatients care

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-114
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman Khan ◽  
Stanislav Karapetrovic
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Program Manager ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Specific Health

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore ISO 10001:2007 in planning, designing and developing a customer satisfaction promise (CSP) intended for inpatients care. Design/methodology/approach – Through meetings and interviews with research participants, who included a program manager, unit managers and registered nurses, information about potential promises and their implementation was obtained and analyzed. A number of promises were drafted and one was finally selected to be developed as a CSP. Findings – Applying the standard required adaptation and novel interpretation. Additionally, ISO 10002:2004 (Clause 7) was used to design the feedback handling activities. A promise initially chosen for development turned out to be difficult to implement, experience that helped in selecting and developing the final promise. Research participants found the ISO 10001-based method useful and comprehensible. Practical implications – This paper presents a specific health care example of how to adapt a standard’s guideline in establishing customer promises. The authors show how a promise can be used in alleviating an existing issue (i.e. communication between carers and patients). The learning can be beneficial in various health care settings. Originality/value – To the knowledge, this paper shows the first example of applying ISO 10001:2007 in a health care case. A few activities suggested by the standard are further detailed, and a new activity is introduced. The integrated use of ISO 10001:2007 and 10002:2004 is presented and how one can be “augmented” by the other is demonstrated.

The rationale of part-time farming: empirical evidence from Norway

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Mittenzwei ◽  
Stefan Mann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Part Time ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Outside farming, pluriactivity is generally considered as undesirable, whereas agricultural economists tend to recommend part-time farming. This contradiction is to be solved. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Linking tax-payer and statistical farm-level data from Norway, the authors tested how profitable part-time farming is for Norwegian farm households. Findings The analysis showed that concentrating on either working on-farm or off-farm generates a higher household income than combining the two. Practical implications Part-time farming may be a lifestyle decision, but apparently is not economically optimal for most farms. Originality/value The contribution solves an apparent contradiction between the discourses inside and outside agriculture.

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