The medium-term prospects for long-term storage systems

Purpose Increasingly, the content that libraries collect is no longer on paper, a long-lived, medium whose technology changes very slowly and with which they have centuries of experience. Instead, it is stored on relatively short-lived digital media whose technology appears to change rapidly and with which they have little history. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The storage media industry is highly competitive and is currently evolving rapidly as flash, a solid state medium, displaces spinning disk from many applications. Long-term archival storage is a small part of the total storage market. It typically re-uses media and systems intended for more general bulk storage. Findings What are the medium-term prospects for change in this market? Originality/value Much of this material has appeared in blog posts and talks aimed at storage experts, such as the recent DARPA workshop on future of storage. It is presented here for a librarian audience with the necessary additional exposition and background.

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Rediscovering Zygorhizidium affluens Canter: Molecular Taxonomy, Infectious Cycle, and Cryopreservation of a Chytrid Infecting the Bloom-Forming Diatom Asterionella formosa

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01826-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (23) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Cecilia Rad-Menéndez ◽

Mélanie Gerphagnon ◽

Andrea Garvetto ◽

Paola Arce ◽

Yacine Badis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Taxonomy ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Content Type ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Asterionella Formosa ◽

Infectious Cycle ◽

Cryopreservation Method ◽

Term Storage

ABSTRACT Parasitic Chytridiomycota (chytrids) are ecologically significant in various aquatic ecosystems, notably through their roles in controlling bloom-forming phytoplankton populations and in facilitating the transfer of nutrients from inedible algae to higher trophic levels. The diversity and study of these obligate parasites, while critical to understand the interactions between pathogens and their hosts in the environment, have been hindered by challenges inherent to their isolation and stable long-term maintenance under laboratory conditions. Here, we isolated an obligate chytrid parasite (CCAP 4086/1) on the freshwater bloom-forming diatom Asterionella formosa and characterized its infectious cycle under controlled conditions. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S, 5.8S, and 28S ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) revealed that this strain belongs to the recently described clade SW-I within the Lobulomycetales. All morphological features observed agree with the description of the known Asterionella parasite Zygorhizidium affluens Canter. We thus provide a phylogenetic placement for this chytrid and present a robust and simple assay that assesses both the infection success and the viability of the host. We also validate a cryopreservation method for stable and cost-effective long-term storage and demonstrate its recovery after thawing. All the above-mentioned tools establish a new gold standard for the isolation and long-term preservation of parasitic aquatic chytrids, thus opening new perspectives to investigate the diversity of these organisms and their physiology in a controlled laboratory environment. IMPORTANCE Despite their ecological relevance, parasitic aquatic chytrids are understudied, especially due to the challenges associated with their isolation and maintenance in culture. Here we isolated and established a culture of a chytrid parasite infecting the bloom-forming freshwater diatom Asterionella formosa. The chytrid morphology suggests that it corresponds to the Asterionella parasite known as Zygorhizidium affluens. The phylogenetic reconstruction in the present study supports the hypothesis that our Z. affluens isolate belongs to the order Lobulomycetales and clusters within the novel clade SW-I. We also validate a cryopreservation method for stable and cost-effective long-term storage of parasitic chytrids of phytoplankton. The establishment of a monoclonal pathosystem in culture and its successful cryopreservation opens the way to further investigate this ecologically relevant parasitic interaction.

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GENTLE CABBAGE HARVESTING

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/2073-0462-2020-72-76 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 72-76

Author(s):

Sergey Alatyrev ◽

Irina Kruchinkina ◽

Aleksey Alatyrev

Keyword(s):

Product Quality ◽

Technological Process ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Severely Injured ◽

Combine Operation ◽

Medium Term ◽

Short Term ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Term Storage

When harvesting cabbage by machine, the heads of cabbage are severely injured. Mechanically damaged heads of cabbage are poorly stored. Therefore, the machine technology of cabbage harvesting should provide protection of heads of cabbage from mechanical damage. The purpose of the research is to study the qualitative indicators of the operation of a multivariate cabbage harvester with various harvesting technological schemes. The considered technological schemes for harvesting cabbage include: careful shipment of heads in bulk of a universal vehicle (Scheme 1); careful point shipment of heads of cabbage into containers installed in the back of a vehicle (diagram 2); shipment of heads of cabbage on a flexible flooring installed in the vehicle, with their subsequent careful transfer to containers manually (Scheme 3); stowing heads of cabbage into containers on an accompanying trailer manually (Scheme 4). During the production check, under conditions typical for the main regions of mass marketable production of cabbage, the multivariate cabbage harvester steadily performed the technological process. At the same time, its quality indicators met the established agrotechnical requirements. Combine operation according to schemes 3 and 4 ensured the preservation of product quality to the maximum extent: damage to heads of cabbage did not exceed 5 ... 6%, the completeness of cabbage leaves removal was 95 ... 100%. Therefore, its use according to schemes 1 and 2 is recommended mainly when harvesting cabbage for short-term and medium-term storage, according to schemes 3 and 4 - when harvesting heads of cabbage intended for long-term storage

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Suitability of Flash Media for the Long-Term Storage of Information

Restaurator International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material ◽

10.1515/res-2019-0002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 97-122

Author(s):

Joe Iraci

Keyword(s):

High Capacity ◽

Accelerated Ageing ◽

Flash Storage ◽

Long Term Stability ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Storage Media ◽

The Stability ◽

To Receive ◽

Term Storage

Abstract Flash storage media such as memory cards and USB flash drives are now commonly used to transfer and store information. However, little is known about the long-term stability of this type of media and this is a concern for archives and other institutions as they begin to receive content stored on these devices. In this study, the stabilities of a variety of different flash media were examined. The evaluation was performed by using accelerated ageing at 85 °C and 85 % relative humidity (RH) and 125 °C for ageing intervals up to 2000 hours. Measurements were also performed on samples previously subjected to accelerated ageing and then naturally aged for five years to verify the results from the accelerated ageing experiments. Overall, the stability of flash media was very good. For many of the samples, no read errors were encountered after accelerated or natural ageing. However, for several of the high capacity flash card samples and USB flash drives, significant decreases in read speed were noted. This can be problematic because it will eventually lead to read errors. It was established that for the USB samples this instability was likely attributed to the use of the less stable TLC (triple-level cell) memory chip.

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LONG TERM BULK STORAGE OF RED BEETS IN FORCED VENTILATED CLAMPS IN COMPARISON WITH LONG TERM STORAGE IN MECHANICAL COOLING

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.1990.267.20 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 163-168

Author(s):

M.H. Zwart-Roodzant ◽

P.S. Hak ◽

C.F.G. Kramer ◽

J.A. Schoneveld ◽

R. Wustman

Keyword(s):

Bulk Storage ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Term Storage

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Clinical results of lyophilized human cadaver dura transplantation

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1971.34.6.0770 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 770-773 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

William M. Abbott ◽

Emmett L. Dupree

Keyword(s):

Clinical Results ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Human Cadaver ◽

Content Type ◽

Dural Closure ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Neurosurgical Patients ◽

Term Storage

✓ The clinical results of lyophilized human cadaver dura transplantation in 170 neurosurgical patients show that it is a safe and effective material for dural closure. It is associated with low complication rates and minimal cortical scarring and adhesions. The successful results have been attributed to the minimal foreign body reaction stimulated by freeze-dried tissue. These factors plus its capacity for safe and convenient long-term storage at room temperature make lyophilization the method of choice for preserving dura mater.

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Thermoadaptation-Directed Enzyme Evolution in an Error-Prone Thermophile Derived from Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02577-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 149-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hirokazu Suzuki ◽

Jyumpei Kobayashi ◽

Keisuke Wada ◽

Megumi Furukawa ◽

Katsumi Doi

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Parent Strain ◽

Enzyme Evolution ◽

Denaturation Temperature ◽

Content Type ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Geobacillus Kaustophilus ◽

Term Storage

ABSTRACTThermostability is an important property of enzymes utilized for practical applications because it allows long-term storage and use as catalysts. In this study, we constructed an error-prone strain of the thermophileGeobacillus kaustophilusHTA426 and investigated thermoadaptation-directed enzyme evolution using the strain. A mutation frequency assay using the antibiotics rifampin and streptomycin revealed thatG. kaustophilushad substantially higher mutability thanEscherichia coliandBacillus subtilis. The predominant mutations inG. kaustophiluswere A · T→G · C and C · G→T · A transitions, implying that the high mutability ofG. kaustophiluswas attributable in part to high-temperature-associated DNA damage during growth. Among the genes that may be involved in DNA repair inG. kaustophilus, deletions of themutSL,mutY,ung, andmfdgenes markedly enhanced mutability. These genes were subsequently deleted to construct an error-prone thermophile that showed much higher (700- to 9,000-fold) mutability than the parent strain. The error-prone strain was auxotrophic for uracil owing to the fact that the strain was deficient in the intrinsicpyrFgene. Although the strain harboringBacillus subtilispyrFwas also essentially auxotrophic, cells became prototrophic after 2 days of culture under uracil starvation, generatingB. subtilisPyrF variants with an enhanced half-denaturation temperature of >10°C. These data suggest that this error-prone strain is a promising host for thermoadaptation-directed evolution to generate thermostable variants from thermolabile enzymes.

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Modelling of Moisture Movement in Wood during Outdoor Storage

Nonlinear Analysis Modelling and Control ◽

10.15388/na.2001.6.1.15210 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 3-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. Baronas ◽

F. Ivanauskas ◽

I. Juodeikienė ◽

A. Kajalavičius

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Finite Difference ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Moisture Movement ◽

Finite Difference Technique ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Space Formulation ◽

Term Storage

A model of moisture movement in wood is presented in this paper in a two-dimensional-in-space formulation. The finite-difference technique has been used in order to obtain the solution of the problem. The model was applied to predict the moisture content in sawn boards from pine during long term storage under outdoor climatic conditions. The satisfactory agreement between the numerical solution and experimental data was obtained.

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