Urbanization and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission nexus in the CEMAC countries

PurposeThis study investigates the relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide emission in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community from 1990 to 2019. The literature reveals that the relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions is still debatable and the existing findings are inconclusive.Design/methodology/approachCarbon dioxide is the regressand; while, urbanization, gross domestic product (GDP) and financial development (FD), rule of law (ROL) and government effectiveness (GEF) are the regressors. Johansen Fisher and Kao residual co-integration tests alongside the fully modified and dynamic ordinary least squares.FindingsThe results show a significant positive relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions. The causality tests results show that carbon dioxide granger causes urbanization, GDP and FD unit directionally.Research limitations/implicationsThe countries' governments should effectively improve their legal systems to regulate carbon dioxide emissions. Urbanization laws should be implemented to limit urbanization environmental deteriorating effects on carbon dioxide emissions. This occurs as the countries practiced unregulated urbanization which increases population's environmental impacts. The study recommends sustainable green urbanization policies for environmental conservation through tree planting and horticulture. Balance development in urban and rural areas is vital to decongest the urban cities' pressure in the states. The governments should motivate the private sector with rural investments captivating policies to limit rural urban migration.Originality/valueThe findings contribute value by supporting a positive link between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions in the CEMAC zone. The causality tests findings confirm the view that carbon dioxide granger causes urbanization, GDP and FD unit directionally. This value addition is essential to the governments and policy makers to mitigate urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions in the CEMAC region.

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Is Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16203995 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (20) ◽

pp. 3995 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chen ◽

Zhuo ◽

Xu ◽

Gao

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Healthcare Expenditure ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Bayesian Quantile Regression ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Relationship

As a result of China’s economic growth, air pollution, including carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, has caused serious health problems and accompanying heavy economic burdens on healthcare. Therefore, the effect of carbon dioxide emission on healthcare expenditure (HCE) has attracted the interest of many researchers, most of which have adopted traditional empirical methods, such as ordinary least squares (OLS) or quantile regression (QR), to analyze the issue. This paper, however, attempts to introduce Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) to discuss the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and HCE, based on the longitudinal data of 30 provinces in China (2005–2016). It was found that carbon dioxide emission is, indeed, an important factor affecting healthcare expenditure in China, although its influence is not as great as the income variable. It was also revealed that the effect of carbon dioxide emission on HCE at a higher quantile was much smaller, which indicates that most people are not paying sufficient attention to the correlation between air pollution and healthcare. This study also proves the applicability of Bayesian quantile regression and its ability to offer more valuable information, as compared to traditional empirical tools, thus expanding and deepening research capabilities on the topic.

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The analysis of the relationship between CO2 level and economic growth

EUREKA Social and Humanities ◽

10.21303/2504-5571.2021.001760 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Szira Zoltán ◽

Bárdos Kinga Ilona ◽

Alghamdi Hani ◽

Enkhjav Tumentsetseg ◽

Erika Varga

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Global Warming ◽

Human Activities ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

2019 was Earth's second warmest year since 1850. In 2019 the global mean temperature was cooler than in 2016, but warmer than any other year explicitly measured. Consequently, 2016 is still the warmest year in historical observation history. Year-to-year rankings are likely to reflect natural fluctuations in the short term, but the overall pattern remains consistent with a long-term global warming trend. This would be predicted from global warming caused by greenhouse gases, temperature increase across the globe is broadly spread, impacting almost all areas of land and oceans. Climate change" and "global warming" are often used interchangeably but are of distinct significance. Global warming is the long-term heating of the Earth's climate system observed since the pre-industrial period as a result of human activities, mainly the combustion of fossil fuel, which raises the heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in the Earth's air. The term is often used interchangeably with the term climate change, as the latter applies to warming caused both humanly and naturally, and the impact it has on our planet. This is most generally calculated as the average increase in global surface temperature on Earth. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the main reasons for global warming. Since the Industrial Revolution, human sources of carbon dioxide emissions have been growing. Human activities such as the burning of oil, coal and gas, as well as deforestation are the primary cause of the increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. In our research, let’s examine the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide emissions and the GDP/capita in developed and developing countries.

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The relationship of economic growth and carbon-dioxide emissions: an application on member countries of Organization of Islamic Cooperation

Ekonomia i Prawo ◽

10.12775/eip.2021.048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 813-833

Author(s):

Muhammed Veysel Kaya ◽

Suat Serhat Yilmaz ◽

Mehmet Gökhan Özdemir

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Homogeneity Test ◽

Annual Data ◽

Causality Analysis ◽

The Relationship

Motivation: Humanity has benefited from natural resources in production activities throughout history and this pressure on natural resources has increased even more with the efforts of industrialization. In this process, people benefited heavily from fossil fuels in their production and distribution activities, thereby damaging the environment and the atmosphere to a large extent. With the destruction of the environment, it has become important for the countries and the academic circles to measure environmental damage with the increase of economic activities in order to take various measures. Aim: At this point, in this study, the relationship between economic growth and carbon-dioxide emissions was examined within the scope of 50 countries that are members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). In this process, annual data of the countries concerned between 1995 and 2017 were used; Pedroni Cointegration Analysis, Granger Causality Analysis, Pooled Mean Group Estimator (PMGE) and Mean Group Estimator (MGE) methods were used to measure and estimate the relationship between these two variables. The causality analysis shows that the economic growth is the Granger cause of carbon-dioxide emissions in the country group studied. In addition, the coefficients obtained in PMGE and MGE analyzes were found as 0.43 and 0.33 and were statistically significant and positive. Then, with the help of Hausman Homogeneity Test, it was decided between the two estimators, and it concluded that PMGE Estimator is the more reliable estimator. Results: The results obtained with the PMGE estimator indicate that the 1% increase in economic growth increased carbon dioxide emission by 0.43%.

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The Nonlinear Links Between Urbanization And CO2: Evidence From Unconditional Quantile And Threshold Regression

10.21203/rs.3.rs-676290/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Kocoglu ◽

Ashar Awan ◽

Ahmet Tunc ◽

Alper Aslan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Regression Method ◽

Marginal Effect ◽

Threshold Regression ◽

Impact Of Urbanization ◽

Quantile Regression Method ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The extant literature has provided empirical evidences about the relationship between urbanization and environment, however, a little attention has been paid to non-linear relationship among them. This study aims to measure the effects of urbanization on carbon dioxide emission using quantile and threshold regression method. To this end, the study employed threshold analysis and quantile regression method and analyzed the variation of such non-linearity for different levels of carbon dioxide using quantile regression. The results illustrate that a single threshold and two regimes exist and the threshold for urbanization is 29.56%. Across both regimes, the elasticity estimates form an inverted U-shape impact of urbanization on the carbon dioxide emission. The increase in the marginal effect of urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions up to the median level and a declining trend after this level implies that environmental quality significantly improves for emerging country.

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Causality between Energy Conservation and Economic Growth in China

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1251 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 291-294 ◽

pp. 1251-1254

Author(s):

Yun Bing Hou ◽

Jian Min Wang ◽

Sen Sen Shi ◽

Xiao Zhang ◽

Chun Lin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Energy Conservation ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Causality Analysis ◽

Long Run ◽

Equilibrium Relationship ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth is analyzed and the results show that there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth to clear some people’s mind of doubts that energy conservation and carbon dioxide emissions reduction policy will hamper the economic development. When GDP increases, the carbon dioxide emission will increase too. Causality analysis shows that the unidirectional causal relationship exists and the direction is from GDP to carbon dioxide emission. The result implies that when a certain technique of carbon dioxide emissions reduction is used, it can not only reduce the carbon dioxide amount but promote the growth of GDP. Energy conservation and carbon dioxide reduction can form a new economic growth industry. To fulfill the promise of carbon dioxide emissions reduction to the world, China should make policies based on the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth.

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The Problem of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Closed Coal Mine Shafts – The Overview and the Case Study

Archives of Mining Sciences ◽

10.1515/amsc-2016-0042 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 587-600

Author(s):

Paweł Wrona ◽

Józef Sułkowski ◽

Zenon Różański ◽

Grzegorz Pach

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Mining Area ◽

Emission Point ◽

Water Pumping ◽

Gas Hazard ◽

Flow Through ◽

Reporting Procedures

Abstract Greenhouse gas emissions are a common problem noticed in every mining area just after mine closures. However, there could be a significant local gas hazard for people with continuous (but variable) emission of these gases into the atmosphere. In the Upper Silesia area, there are 24 shafts left for water pumping purposes and gases can flow through them hydraulically. One of them – Gliwice II shaft – was selected for inspection. Carbon dioxide emission with no methane was detected here. Changes in emission and concentration of carbon dioxide around the shaft was the aim of research carried out. It was stated that a selected shaft can create two kinds of gas problems. The first relates to CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Possible emission of that gas during one minute was estimated at 5,11 kg CO2/min. The second problem refers to the local hazard at the surface. The emission was detected within a radius of 8m from the emission point at the level 1m above the ground. These kinds of matters should be subject to regular gas monitoring and reporting procedures.

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Land-Use Change Impacts from Sustainable Hydropower Production in EU28 Region: An Empirical Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094599 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4599

Author(s):

Mohd Alsaleh ◽

Muhammad Mansur Abdulwakil ◽

Abdul Samad Abdul-Rahim

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Land Use ◽

European Union ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Energy Production ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

The European Union ◽

Hydropower Production

Under the current European Union (EU) constitution approved in May 2018, EU countries ought to guarantee that estimated greenhouse-gas releases from land use, land-use change, or forestry are entirely compensated by an equivalent accounted removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air during the period between 2021 and 2030. This study investigates the effect of sustainable hydropower production on land-use change in the European Union (EU28) region countries during 1990–2018, using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). The results revealed that land-use change incline with an increase in hydropower energy production. In addition, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, and population density are found to be increasing land-use changes, while institutional quality is found to be decreasing land-use change significantly. The finding implies that land-use change in EU28 region countries can be significantly increased by mounting the amount of hydropower energy production to achieve Energy Union aims by 2030. This will finally be spread to combat climate change and environmental pollution. The findings are considered robust as they were checked with DOLS and pooled OLS. The research suggests that the EU28 countries pay attention to the share of hydropower in their renewable energy combination to minimize carbon releases. Politicians and investors in the EU28 region ought to invest further in the efficiency and sustainability of hydropower generation to increase its production and accessibility without further degradation of forest and agricultural conditions. The authorities of the EU28 region should emphasize on efficiency and sustainability of hydropower energy with land-use management to achieve the international commitments for climate, biodiversity, and sustainable development, reduce dependence on fossil fuel, and energy insecurity.

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Racial dissimilarity and diversity climate effect organizational identification

Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal ◽

10.1108/edi-09-2015-0072 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (5/6) ◽

pp. 314-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Brooklyn Cole ◽

Raymond J. Jones ◽

Lisa M. Russell

Keyword(s):

Organizational Identification ◽

Turnover Intentions ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Important Variable ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Diversity Climate ◽

Climate Effect ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relationship between psychological diversity climate (PDC) and organizational identification (OID) when influenced by racial dissimilarity between the subordinate and supervisor. Design/methodology/approach Ordinary least squares hierarchical regression analysis was run for hypotheses testing. Findings Three of the four hypothesized relationships were supported. Support was found for the direct relationship between PDC and OID. The moderator race was significant thus also supported. The moderator of dissimilarity was not supported. Finally the three-way interaction with race and dissimilarity was supported. Practical implications OID is an important variable for overall organizational success. OID influences a wealth of organizationally relevant outcomes including turnover intentions. Considering higher turnover exists for minority employees, understanding how diversity climate perceptions vary by employee race and therefore impact OID differently, helps managers when making decisions about various initiatives. Originality/value This study is the first the authors know of to investigate the impact of dissimilarity on the PDC-OID relationship.

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The impact of executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and organizational slack on innovation strategies

Nankai Business Review International ◽

10.1108/nbri-11-2015-0029 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 216-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chengyuan Wang ◽

Biao Luo ◽

Yong Liu ◽

Zhengyun Wei

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Theory ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Organizational Slack ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Content Type ◽

Environmental Threats ◽

Innovation Strategies ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Purpose The paper aims to study the relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies and investigate the moderating effect of contextual factor (i.e. organizational slack) on such relations. It proposes a dualistic relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies, in which different perceptions of environmental threats will lead to corresponding innovation strategies, and dyadic organizational slack can promote such processes. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a survey with 163 valid questionnaires, which were all completed by executives. Hierarchical ordinary least-squares regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses proposed in this paper. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about that executives tend to choose exploratory innovation when they perceive environmental changes as likely loss threats, yet adopt exploitative innovation when perceiving control-reducing threats. Furthermore, unabsorbed slack (e.g. financial redundancy) positively moderates both relationships, while absorbed slack (e.g. operational redundancy) merely positively influences the relationship between the perception of control-reducing threats and exploitative innovation. Originality/value The paper bridges the gap between organizational innovation and cognitive theory by proposing a dualistic relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies. The paper further enriches innovation studies by jointly considering both subjective and objective influence factors of innovation and argues that organizational slack can moderate such dualistic relationship.

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Driving Factors Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China Based on STIRPAT Model

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1910 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 734-737 ◽

pp. 1910-1914 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qiao Zhi Zhao ◽

Qing You Yan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

High Speed ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Urbanization Process ◽

Stirpat Model ◽

Factors Analysis ◽

Secondary Industry

China is developing at relatively high speed, not only the regional development speed should be focused upon, but also the environmental impact of economic growth should be paid attention to, especially the level change of carbon dioxide emission. To some degree, quantity of carbon dioxide emission has become one of the most important indexes for measuring quality of a nations economic growth. Thus, this thesis is trying to analyze the driving relations between economic growth and carbon dioxide. Upon STIRPAT model, ridge regression method and elasticity theory are applied to analyze the influencing factors of carbon dioxide quantity such as the population quantity, Chinas urbanization process, per capita GDP, energy density and the percentage of the secondary industry. Correspondingly, based on the different influencing variables to carbon dioxide emission quantity, needy measures are brought out to control and decrease emissions. Feasible suggestions are trying to improve Chinas economic development quality.

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